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R Data Frames: A Beginner's Guide

This document introduces data frames in R. It explains that data frames allow datasets to be represented with observations as rows and variables as columns, containing elements of different types. Data frames can be created from imported data sources like CSV files or by using the data.frame() function to specify the variables and observations. The structure of the data frame is also important, with factors used for categorical variables and the correct number of rows for each variable.

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53 views8 pages

R Data Frames: A Beginner's Guide

This document introduces data frames in R. It explains that data frames allow datasets to be represented with observations as rows and variables as columns, containing elements of different types. Data frames can be created from imported data sources like CSV files or by using the data.frame() function to specify the variables and observations. The structure of the data frame is also important, with factors used for categorical variables and the correct number of rows for each variable.

Uploaded by

seggy7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO R

Explore the
Data Frame

Introduction to R

Datasets

Observations
Variables
Example: people

name

age

child

Anne

28

FALSE

Pete

30

TRUE

Frank

21

TRUE

Julia

39

FALSE

Cath

35

TRUE

each person = observation

properties (name, age ) = variables

Matrix? Need dierent types

List?

Not very practical

Introduction to R

Data Frame

Specically for datasets


Rows = observations (persons)

Columns = variables (age, name, )

Contain elements of dierent types

Elements in same column: same type

name

age

child

Anne

28

FALSE

Pete

30

TRUE

Frank

21

TRUE

Julia

39

FALSE

Cath

35

TRUE

Introduction to R

Create Data Frame

Import from data source

CSV le

Relational Database (e.g. SQL)

Software packages (Excel, SPSS )

Introduction to R

Create Data Frame

data.frame()

> name <- c("Anne", "Pete", "Frank", "Julia", "Cath")


> age <- c(28, 30, 21, 39, 35)
> child <- c(FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
> df <- data.frame(name, age, child)
column names match variable names

> df
name age child
1 Anne 28 FALSE
2 Pete 30 TRUE
3 Frank 21 TRUE
4 Julia 39 FALSE
5 Cath 35 TRUE

Introduction to R

Name Data Frame


> names(df) <- c("Name", "Age", "Child")
> df
Name Age Child
1 Anne 28 FALSE
2 Pete 30 TRUE
...
5 Cath 35 TRUE
> df <- data.frame(Name = name, Age = age, Child = child)
> df
Name Age Child
1 Anne 28 FALSE
2 Pete 30 TRUE
...
5 Cath 35 TRUE

Introduction to R

Data Frame Structure


Factor instead of character

> str(df)
'data.frame': 5 obs. of 3 variables:
$ Name : Factor w/ 5 levels "Anne","Cath",..: 1 5 3 4 2
$ Age : num 28 30 21 39 35
$ Child: logi FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE
> data.frame(name[-1], age, child)
Error : arguments imply differing number of rows: 4, 5
> df <- data.frame(name, age, child,
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
> str(df)
'data.frame': 5 obs. of 3 variables:
$ name : chr "Anne" "Pete" "Frank" "Julia" ...
$ age : num 28 30 21 39 35
$ child: logi FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE

INTRODUCTION TO R

Lets practice!

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