Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering HK01
KA20703
FLUID MECHANICS
Dr Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
ROOM 22, LEVEL 2, BLOCK A,
TELEPHONE: 088-320000 EXT. 3595
EMAIL: drsheenafkj@gmail.com
RESEARCH: Earthquake Structural and Engineering Seismology
Academic Advisors
1) Dr Mohd Azizul bin Ladin
Room 23, Level 2, Block A
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Telephone: 088-320000 Ext. 3034
Email: azizul@ums.edu.my
Research: Highway, Traffic and Transportation Engineering
2) Dr. Ahmad Nurfaidhi Rizalman
Room 66, Level 2, Block A
Faculty of Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Telephone: 088-320000 Ext. 3033
Email: ahmadnurfaidhi@ums.edu.my;
ahmadnurfaidhi@gmail.com
Research: Structural Analysis and Design
2
COURSE DETAILS
Course Name
: Fluid Mechanics
Lecturer
: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Credit Hour
:3
Prerequisite
: None
Corequisite
: KA 30903 Hydraulics
The class contact will include the following sessions:
Lecture Periods
Thursday (15/09/2016)
Monday (19/09 12/12/16)
1400 to 1600 (Makmal umum 1)
0800 to 1000 (Tutorial Room 24 & 25)
Tutorial Periods
Wednesday (21/09 14/12/16)
1400 to 1600 (Tutorial Room 24 & 25)
REFERENCES
a) Clayton T. Crowe, Donald F.
Elger, John A. Roberson (2005).
Engineering Fluid Mechanics,
8th edition. John Wiley & Sons.
b) Cimbala, J. M. & Cengel, Y. A.
(2014). Fluid Mechanics:
Fundamental and Application,
3rd edition in SI Unit. McGrawHill.
c) Potter, M. C., Wiggert, D. C. &
Ramadan, B. H. (2012).
Mechanics of Fluids, 4th edition.
Cengage Learning.
d) Sukumar Pati (2012) A text
book on Fluid Mechanics and
Hydraulic Machine. Tata
McGraw Hill Education Private
Limited.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course seek to introduce basic principles of fluid
mechanics and establish its relevance in civil
engineering, starting from introduction to fluid
properties and characteristics, static fluid, forces in
fluid, fluid kinematics, continuity equation and its
application, momentum equation and its application,
Bernoulli and energy equation and their application,
boundary layers and flow measurement. Finally,
students will able to analyses the fluid in pipelines.
5
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6
CO7
Course Outcomes
Ability to distinguish different types of fluids and
basic units, their properties and acquire
understanding on significance and development
of fluid mechanics
Ability to acquire basic understanding, theory
and application of principles of various fluid
properties fluid statics
Ability to acquire basic understanding, theory
and application of principles of measurement of
pressure
Ability to understand the knowledge, theory,
analyses and application of principles of
hydrostatic forces and fluid in motion
Ability to understand the knowledge, theory,
analyses and application of principles of
buoyancy
Ability to comprehend and apply the
fundamental flowing fluid and the forces
resulting from fluids flow
Ability to apply the energy equation to a real
systems with pumps, fluid motors and energy
losses from friction, valves and fitting
PO
Bloom Taxonomy
Assessment Method
& Tools
CP
CA
KP
PO1
(CN)
C1,C2
THA, TQ, FE
PO1
(CN)
C1,C2
THA, TQ, FE
PO1
(CN)
C2
THA, TQ, FE
PO1
(CN)
C2
THA, TQ, FE
PO1
(CN)
C2
THA, TQ, FE
PO1
(CN)
C3
THA, TQ, FE
PO1
(CN)
C3
THA, TQ, FE
PO: Program Outcomes (CN: Contributor, DV: Delivery), Bloom Taxonomy: C (Cognitive), P (Psycomotor), A (Affective), Assessment Method &
Tools: THA (Tutorial Homework Assignment), PBL (Project-Oriented Problem Based Learning), TQ (Test Quiz), FE (Final Exam), GP (Group
Project / Design), PTA (Peer Teamwork Assessment), LR (Lab Report), OSM (Observation/ Supervision/ Monitoring), PP (Presentation), CP6 :
Complex Problem, CA : Complex Activities, KP : Knowledge Profile
CN: contributor; DV: Delivery
COURSE OUTCOMES
PO1
Learning
Domain
1
2
3
Engineering Knowledge
COGNITIVE (C)
(Thinking Skill)
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
CP1
Apply knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
Attribute
Range of conflicting
requirements
CP2
Depth of analysis
required
CP3
Depth of knowledge
required
Attribute
Attribute
CA1
CA2
Complex Activities
Involve the use of diverse resources (and for
Range of
this purpose, resources include people,
Resources money, equipment, materials, information
and technologies).
Require resolution of significant problems
Level of
arising from interactions between wide
interaction ranging or conflicting technical,
engineering or other issues.
Complex Problem
Involve wide-ranging or conflicting
technical, engineering and other issues.
Have no obvious solution and require
abstract thinking, originality in analysis to
formulate suitable models.
Requires research-based knowledge much
of which is at, or informed by, the
forefront of the professional discipline and
which allows a fundamentals-based, first
principles analytical approach.
KP1
Natural
science
KP3
Engineering
fundamental
Knowledge Profile
A systematic, theory-based
understanding of the natural
sciences applicable to the
discipline (e.g. calculus-based
physics)
A systematic, theory-based
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formulation of engineering
fundamentals required in the
engineering discipline
DELIVERY METHOD
The course content may be presented through a blend of
instructional methods including;
Lecture
Tutorial
Group Discussion
Independent Study
Test
Individual Assignment
Final Examination
UNIVERSITY COURSE SCHEDULE
COURSE SCHEDULE
Week
1
Date
15/09/16
Topic
Day
Thursday
Introduction of Fluid Mechanics and
Fluid Classification
19 & 26/09/16
Units of Measurement and Properties of
Fluids
03/10/16
Fluid Statics
10 & 17/10/16
Measurement of Pressure
31/10/16
Hydrostatic Forces on Surface
07/11/16
14/11/16
Buoyancy and Flotation
10
21/11/16
Pressure Variation in Flowing Fluid
11
28/11/16
Flow Measurements
05 - 12/12/16
Flow in pipelines, pipe flow analysis
2, 3
4
5, 6
12, 13
Monday
Fluid in Motion
10
Chapter Topic
Course
Tutorial & Group Independent
Study
Archimedes 2
Archimedes 1
Bernoulli 1
(21/09/16)
Bernoulli 2
ASSESSMENT
METHOD
Outcome
Discussion
Introduction of Fluid Mechanics
i. Fluid Classification
ii. Development of fluid mechanics
iii. Significance of fluid Mechanics
Units of Measurement & Properties of Fluid
i. Basic units
ii. Different type of units
iii. Rules & conventions in SI units
iv. Mass density, specific weight, specific volume, specific
gravity, viscosity & surface tension
v. Pressure intensity inside a droplet, capillary rise & vapor
pressure
Fluid Statics
i. Fluid pressure at a point
ii. Variation of pressure in a fluid
iii. Pressure head
iv. Pascals Law
v. Atmospheric
vi. Absolute
vii. Gage & vacuum pressure
Measurement of Pressure
i. Simple manometers
ii. Piezometers
iii. U-tube manometers
iv. Measuring negative pressure by U-tube manometers
v. Single column manometers
vi. Differential manometers
vii. Mechanical gauge
Hydrostatic Forces on Surface
i. Total pressure on a horizontal plane surface
ii. Total pressure on a vertical plane surface
iii. Pressure diagram
iv. Practical application of total pressure and centre of
pressure on Dams
CO1
CO1
Bernoulli 1
(28/09/16)
Archimedes 1
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 2
CO2
Archimedes 2
(05/10/16)
Archimedes 1
Bernoulli 1
Bernoulli 2
Test 1 (20%)
(19/10/16wednesday)
Assignment
Assignment 1
(10%)
(04/11/16Friday)
Archimedes 1
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 1
Bernoulli 2
CO3
CO4
Test
Bernoulli 2
(02/11/16)
Archimedes 1
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 1
11
Chapter
10
Topic
Tutorial &
Course
Independent
ASSESSMENT
METHOD
Group
Fluid in Motion
i. Velocity and flow
visualization
ii. Flow rate & acceleration
concept
iii. Control volume approach
Buoyancy and Floatation
i. Buoyant force and centre of
buoyancy
ii. Stability of submerged and
floating bodies
iii. Metacentric height for
floating bodies containing
liquid
Pressure variation in Flowing
Fluid
i. The concept and examples in
pressure variation
ii. Bernoulli equation and its
application
Flow Measurement
i. Instrument for the
measurement of velocity and
pressure
ii. Measurement of flow rate
Flow in pipelines, pipe flow
analysis
Outcome
CO4
CO5
Discussion
Archimedes 1
(09/11/16)
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 1
Bernoulli 2
Bernoulli 1
(16/11/16)
Archimedes 1
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 2
Archimedes 1
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 1
Bernoulli 2
CO6
CO6
CO7
Study
Archimedes 2
(07/12/16)
Archimedes 1
Bernoulli 1
Bernoulli 2
Bernoulli 2
(14/12/16)
Archimedes 1
Archimedes 2
Bernoulli 1
Test
Assignment
Test 2 (10%)
30/11/16
(Wednesday)
Assignment 2
(10%)
(16/12/16Friday)
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IMPORTANCE OF FLUID MECHANICS
Every civil/structural engineering graduate needs to
have a thorough understanding of fluids. This is more
obvious for civil engineers but is equally valid for
structural engineers: Drainage for developments;
Attenuation of surface water for city centre sites; Sea
and river (flood) defences; Water distribution /
sewerage (sanitation) networks; Hydraulic design of
water/sewage treatment works; Dams; Irrigation; Pumps
and Turbines; Water retaining structures. Flow of air in /
around buildings; Bridge piers in rivers; Ground-water
flow.
As these mostly involve water, we will mostly examine
fluid mechanics with this in mind.
13
FLUID MECHANICS DEFINITION
Fluid Mechanics
Branch of applied mechanics concerned with the statics
and dynamics of fluid
The analysis of fluid behavior is based on fundamental
laws of mechanics conservative of mass, momentum,
energy and laws of thermodynamics
Fluid
Mechanics
Fluid Statics
Fluid
Kinematics
Fluid
Dynamics
14
FLUID MECHANICS DEFINITION
FLUID STATICS:
It deals with fluid at rest.
FLUID KINEMATICS:
o
It deals with pure motion of fluids without any
reference to pressure or any such agents influencing
the motion.
FLUID DYNAMICS:
o
It deals with the motion of fluids as a consequence
of the pressure and such agent on the fluid
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FLUID MECHANICS DEFINITION
Fluid Mechanics
There are three states of matter;
Solids, Liquids and Gases
Both Liquid and Gases are classified as fluids
Fluids do not resist a change in shape. Therefore fluids
assume the shape of the container they occupy.
Liquids may be considered to have a fixed volume and
therefore can have a free surface. Liquids are almost
incompressible.
Conversely, gases are easily compressed and will expand
to fill a container they occupy.
16
We will usually be interested in liquids, either at rest or in
motion.
CHAPTER 1
FLUID CLASSIFICATION
INTRODUCTION
A fluid is a substance which offers no resistance to shear
deformation and will continue to deform when subjected to
shear stress.
A fluid has no definite shape, and it takes the shape of the
container in which it is contained. A shearing force on a
fluid will change its shape
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INTRODUCTION
From the point of view of fluid mechanics, all matter
consists of only two states, fluid and solid.
A solid can resist a shear stress by a static deformation; a
fluid cannot.
Any shear stress applied to a fluid, no matter how small,
will result in motion of that fluid.
A Fluid is a substance which deforms continuously, or
flows, when subjected to shearing forces.
19
LIQUID & GAS VERSUS SOLID
There are two aspects of fluid mechanics which make it different to
solid mechanics:
1. The nature of a fluid is much different to that of a solid
2. In fluids we usually deal with continuous streams of fluid without a
beginning or end. In solids we only consider individual elements.
Liquid & Gases
Deal with continuous streams of fluid
without begin or end
Solids
Consider individual elements in solids
Loosely spaced molecules
Densely spaced molecules
Intermolecular forces are smaller
Large intermolecular cohesive forces
Deforms continuously when acted on
by a shearing stress
Not deform continuously
20
INTRODUCTION & FLUID DEFINITION
A fluid at rest must be in a state of zero shear stress
which is known as the hydrostatic stress condition in
structural analysis
Two classes of fluids (a) Liquids and (b) Gases
Under compression all fluids diminish their volume, but
reduction in volume is so small in the case of liquids
compare to gas therefore
Liquid may be considered to be incompressible fluid and
gases are readily compressible
21
INTRODUCTION & FLUID DEFINITION
Liquid
Gases
Liquids are relatively incompressible Gases are readily compressible
Liquids have a high specific mass
Gases have a very low specific
mass
Liquids can have a free surface
Gases do not have a free surface
A given mass of liquid occupies a
They fill the container fully
definite volume of the container
regardless of their mass
22
PERFECT & ACTUAL FLUID
PERFECT FLUID OR IDEAL FLUID :
It is fluid in which only pressure forces exit whether
the fluid is at rest or in motion.
In the ideal fluid the internal forces on any internal
section are entirely normal to the section even when
fluid in motion. Since no tangential force exist, so it
is absolutely frictionless.
ACTUAL FLUID:
o
The pressure forces, shearing stress occur when the
fluid is in motion.
23
FLUID MECHANICS
Application Areas of Fluid Mechanics
Blood Circulation
Cars, Boats, Aircrafts etc.
Wind turbine, Power plant, Industrial application
Piping and Plumbing
24
FLUID MECHANICS
25
FLUID MECHANICS
26
