End of Course Exam Review: Exponents

Exponent Rules:
Multiplication Division Power
m
a
am gan =am+n
a n
= am−n (a )
m n
= amn

75
Example: 3 g3 = 3 = 73
2 4 6
Example: Example:
2
7
( 3x )2 3
= 27x6 x6 gx4 = x10

Zero Negative Exponents

1 1
a0 = 1 a− n =n
or −n = an
a a
1
Example: ( 5x ) 4 0
=1 −5
Example: x = 5
x
1
−2
= 32
3
Simplify each expression:

1) ( 4x y) ( −3x y ) =
5 2 3
2)
54
=
57
( −2a b ) ( 3ab ) 2 2 3
3) 4 5
=  −2x5 
4)  3  =
 y 
( x2y3z−2 ) =
0
5) 9a2b−3
6) =
18a5b−5
7) 4x3y2 ( 3x6 − xy8 ) = 8) Simplify and evaluate the
expression:
2 3− 3
g =
5− 4 52
9) (A) Simplify the expression (B) Evaluate the expression if x = -1, y = 5
and z = 3
−5x3y5
=
15x−7y5z−2
 n
Scientific Notation: a x 10 , where a is a number that is at least 1, but less than
10
n is an integer

Scientific Notation to Standard Form:

5
Example: 7.4x10 ---- move decimal 5 places to right and fill – in zeros.
Answer: 740,000

Example: 3.1 x 10−4 --- move decimal 4 places to left and fill – in zeros.
Answer: 0.00031

Standard Form to Scientific Notation:

Example: 0.000067 --- move decimal until you have a number whose value is
between 1 and 10
In this case the decimal should be place between 6
and 7, count the
number of places and use this as the n-value.
Answer: 6.7 x 10 –5

Example: 18,900,000 --- move decimal between the 1 and 8, 7 places

Answer: 1.89 x 10 7

Multiplication with Scientific Notation:

Example: ( 3.5x10 ) ( 4x10 ) --- multiply common parts of the expression

3 5

( 3.5 g 4) = 14 and ( 103 g105 ) = 108

rewrite in scientific notation: 14x108

*** a-value > 10 move decimal between the 1 and 4 and add 1 to power of
ten
9
Final Answer: 1.4 x10

Division with Scientific Notation:

3.6 x1012
Example: --- divide common parts of the expression
1.2 x103
3.6 1012
= 3 and = 109
1.2 10 3
 rewrite in scientific notation Answer:
9
3 x 10

8
1) Rewrite in standard form: 1.9x10 2) Rewrite in scientific notation:
0.00567
3) Simplify – write final answer in scientific notation:
a. ( 2x10 ) ( 3.25x10 ) =
7 12
(
b. 1.2x10
9
) ( 3x10 ) =
−2

8.125 x10 −8
c.
3.25 x10 3

EOC Multiple-Choice Sample Problems

1) Simplify: ( −3) =
3

A. 27 1 C. −27 1
B. − D.
27 27

2) Simplify: ( 2wz2 ) ( 3wz3 ) =

2

A. 18w2z12 B. 18w3z8 C. 36w4z10 D. 18w3z7

6
−6a−2bc
3) Determine the value of when a = 2, b = 4 and c = - 1
24a3c−4

A. -32 1 C. -2 1
B. D. −
2 32

4) Which of the following statements is true?

A. Any number raised to the zero power is zero

B. Any number raised to a negative power is a negative number
C. The product of two powers with the same base equals the base raised to
the sum of the powers
D. The quotient of two powers with the same base equals the base raised to
the quotient of the powers

5) Which symbol makes a true statement when placed in the blank below?
0.38 x 10−2 _____ 0.38 x 10− 3
A. > B. < C. =

66
6) What value of x will make the equation = 1 true?
6x

A. 0 B. -6 C. 1 D. 6

a−2b−5c
7) Which of the following simplifies the expression using only positive
a4b−2c−3
exponents?

a8b10 a2c2 b10 c4

A. B. C. D.
c3 b7 a8b3 a6b3

( ) ( )
3 2
8) What is the product of x2yz4 and 4x2y3 ?

A. 16x9y8z7 B. 16x10y9 z12 C. 8x9y8 z7 D. 8x10y9 z12

9) The smallest unit of substance has a mass of 2.4 x 10−15 grams. How many
units of this substance would be needed to make 4.8 x 105 grams of the
substance?

A. 2.0 x 10−3 B. 2.0 x 1020 C. 5.0 x 1019 D. 5.0 x 1021

10) Which is equivalent to r4s8 ?

( rs) ( rs ) 2 4
( ) D. r4 + s4 + s4
12 2
A. B. C. r4 s4

Extended Response Questions:

7
1. The distance from the sun to the Earth is approximately 9.3 x 10 miles and
8
the distance from the sun to Mars is approximately 1.4 x 10 miles. Write
the given distances in standard form. Use these distances to approximate
the distance from Earth to Mars -- write your answer in standard form.
2. If the area of a rectangle is represented by 60a2b5 and its width is
represented by 12ab, express the length of the rectangle in terms of a
and b. Find the Perimeter(P = 2l + 2w) of this rectangle.