PAKISTAN STATE OIL

COMPANY LTD.

Personal Protective
Equipment
Document No: PPE/01

Created by:

Reviewed by:

Approved by:

Farrukh S. Ansri

Atif Hasan Siddiqui

Syed Nehal Askari

Pakistan State Oil

PPE

DOCUMENT CONTROL

Revision No.

HSE/01

Revision Date

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Section / Page

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PPE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................3
2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE.....................................................................................................3
3. DEFINITIONS.....................................................................................................................4
4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES..................................................................................5
5. PPE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM...................................................................................8
APPENDIX A CLASSIFICATION & TYPES OF PPE..................................................14
APPENDIX B PPE - HAZARD ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET.................................26
APPENDIX C GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF PPE REQUIREMENT............28
APPENDIX D - MINIMUM PPE REQUIREMENTS ......................................................29

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1. INTRODUCTION
Pakistan State Oil Company Ltd. requires protecting their employees from workplace hazards
such as hazardous substances, machines and work procedures that can cause injury/ illness.
The preferred way to do this is through engineering controls or work practices and
administrative controls, but when these controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient
protection, an alternative or supplementary method of protection is to provide workers with
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
It is to be noted that PPE alone shouldn't be relied on to provide protection for the employees.
PPE should be used after all other reasonable means of reducing hazards have been carried
out. PPE is considered the last line of defense against particular hazards when it is not
possible to prevent workforce exposure using engineering or administrative controls.
Hierarchy of Controls
1. Engineering Controls
2. Work Practice Controls/ Administrative Controls
3. Personal Protective Equipment

2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This procedure is designed to be used by supervisors, workers, managers, contractors and
anyone responsible for the safety and health of employees. Employees are also encouraged to
use information in this guide to analyze their own jobs, be aware of work place hazards and
take active responsibility for their own safety.

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3. DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall assist in the understanding of this procedure:

Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Any equipment especially designed to be worn or held by personnel to protect

themselves against work related hazards, which may endanger their health and
safety.

Hazard

Source or situation with a potential for harm in the terms of injury or ill health,
damage to property, the workplace environment; or a combination of these.
Combination of both likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous
event occurring.

Risk

Risk = Severity (Consequence) x Probability (Likelihood of Occurrence)

Risk Assessment

Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or

not the risk is tolerable.

Restricted Area

Areas prohibited to nonessential personnel.

Pre-use Inspection

A visual inspection (of the PPE) carried out by the user or a competent person
before use as appropriate in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

Verified fit for use

Equipment that has been inspected by a competent person, who has confirmed
that it is fit for use for a specified period.

PSO Personnel

PSO employees and any contract employees under direct supervision of PSO.

Hazard
Identification
PSO Facility

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Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics

Terminal, Depot, Aviation Station, Lubricant Manufacturing Plants/Terminal,
LPG Plant & Divisional Office.

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4.

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1

FACILITY INCHARGE (FIC)

Team Leader plays a pivotal role in leading and encouraging the workforce to use appropriate
PPE and to ensure that the PPE used meets the requirements set out in this procedure and is fit
for use. Facility Incharge is responsible for its up gradation, training and operation.
He shall:

4.2

Ensure appropriate risk assessments have been carried out through out the facility and for
all operations and activities in order to identify suitable and sufficient PPE for protecting
the employees involved in such activities.

Liaise with HSE Manager to ensure that all facility staff and contractors receive
appropriate training on PPE.

Ensure that all PPEs are being selected during all tasks and in work areas, using the same
set of standards, guidelines & criteria as described in this procedure.

Ensure that PPE program assessment and auditing is being done in accordance with the
requirements of this procedure.

Identify need for review/update/revision of this procedure in the light of experience

gained and lessons learned.

MANAGER HSE
Manager HSE is the principal resource to provide support and advice on PPE Procedure and
its interpretation and implementation. He is the custodian of the PPE Procedure.
He shall:

Assist Facility Incharges on training and other requirements as they relate to this
procedure.

Provide specialist inputs for selecting appropriate and adequate PPE

Assist in identifying resources for training of all users of this procedure.

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4.3

PPE

HSE COORDINATORS
HSE Coordinator shall be the focal Person for the PPE Procedure. He is the operational
custodian of PPE procedure and is responsible for giving assurance to Facility Incharge that
the procedure is being followed.
He shall:

4.4

Carry out risk assessment in identifying appropriate engineering and administrative

controls before or in addition to PPE.

Carry out risk assessment specific to their work areas and activities and identify suitable
and sufficient PPE to mitigate the identified risks.

Assist and advise operational staff in the correct selection, care, storage and use of PPE.

Review the PPE requirements for employees

Assist and coordinate in arranging appropriate training sessions for the employees in the
correct application as well as the limitations of various PPE and in the proper use,
inspection, and care of PPE.

Obtain specialist advice and assistance from Manager HSE and experts as needed.

Identify need for review/update/revision of the PPE procedure in the light of experience
gained and lessons learned.

ensure that documented risk assessments are available for their respective work areas and
specific activities and that these identify appropriate engineering and administrative
controls and suitable and sufficient PPE.

CONTRACTORS
They must:

identify and select appropriate PPE based on tasks and area of activity

ensure they and their teams / contractors have received appropriate trainings that cover
the following as a minimum:
a.

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To identify and select correct PPE for various kinds of hazards that they are
exposed to.

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b.

To conduct pre-use inspection of PPE and to ascertain its fitness for use

c.

To know the correct procedures for donning and doffing of various PPE.

d.

To know the correct cleaning, disinfection and storage requirements for PPE.

ensure that monitoring and audit processes are in place and managed to verify compliance
with the requirements of this procedure.

WORK FORCE
The employees include PSO as well as contractors employees. Employees must ensure that:

specific hazards related to the work area and the task have been identified and
appropriate controls including PPE requirements specified. These controls and PPE
requirements may be specified in the following documents:
a. Job Hazard Analysis
b. Permit to Work
c. Specific Work Procedures
d. Work Order
e. Written signs/ Notices in Work Areas
f.

Direct instructions from FIC/ HSE Coordinator

specified PPEs are available which conform to international standards.

they have a thorough understanding and knowledge of the benefits as well as limitation
of the various PPE they use.

they thoroughly inspect all PPEs before use to ascertain that they are fit for use.

all PPEs are worn in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for use.

all defective and damaged PPEs are repaired or appropriately discarded and disposed
(after rendering it unusable, if required).

any incidents and PPE failure are promptly reported so that lessons learned may be
shared and PPE standards improved.

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PPE

PPE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

PPE Management Program comprises of following minimum essential elements:

Risk Assessment

Selection of appropriate PPE

A.

Communication
Control of Issues / Receipts
Inspections and Maintenance
Trainings
Audit

RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment shall be carried out by HSE Coordinator with the support of and in
consultation with the FIC for all hazardous or potentially hazardous work areas and tasks with
a view to identify hazards and specify appropriate controls including suitable and sufficient
PPEs. The risk assessment shall include but not be limited to:
Area Surveys
Conduct a walk-through survey of the area(s). The purpose of the survey is to identify sources
of hazards to employees. The hazards as related to the various body parts and function that are
affected by them can be classified as follows:

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PART OF BODY

PPE

TYPE OF HAZARD

PPE REQUIRED / AVAILABLE

Eyes & face

Chemical splash; dust projectiles; gas and vapor; radiation

Spectacles,
screens

goggles,

face-shields

Head & neck

Impact from falling or flying objects; risk of head bumping;

hair entanglement

Helmets, bump caps, hats, caps

Ears

Continuous high noise exposure, sudden high impulse

sounds

Ear muffs, ear plugs

Respiratory System

Dust; fume: vapor; smoke; gas (toxic); oxygen deficient

atmosphere; hot gases

Disposable filtering face piece or respirator,

half/full face respirators, breathing apparatus.

Hands & arms

Abrasion; temperature extremes; cuts and punctures; impact;

chemicals; electric shock; skin infection, disease or
contamination; vibration

Gloves, gauntlets, mitts, wrist cuffs, armlets

Feet & legs

Wet; electrostatic build-up; slipping; cuts & punctures; falling

objects; metal and chemical splash; abrasion

Safety boots & shoes with steel toe caps (&

steel mid sole), gum boots

Trunk & body

Temperature extremes; adverse weather; chemical or metal

splash; spray from pressure leaks or spray guns; impact or
penetration; contaminated dust; excessive wear or
entanglement of own clothing

Conventional or disposable overalls; boiler

suits; donkey jackets; specialist protective
clothing, e.g. chain mail aprons; high visibility
clothing

Full body

Falls from height

Safety belts, Full body harnesses, fall

arrestors, life lines

In addition, Near Miss/ Accident record should be reviewed to help identify problem areas.
Following the walk-through survey, it is necessary to gather and organize the data and
information to estimate the potential for injuries. Each of the basic hazards should be
reviewed and a determination made as to the type, level of risk, and seriousness of potential
injury from each hazard found in the area. The possibility of exposure to several hazards
simultaneously should be considered. The objective is to prepare for an analysis of the
hazards in the environment to enable proper selection of protective equipment.
Job Hazard Analysis
While the area survey aims to identify the hazards of the specific workplace, the Job Hazard
Analysis seeks to determine the hazards related to a particular job or task.

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Consultation with employees

Consultation with employees is one of the most effective means of identifying hazards and
establishing controls at the workplace. Employees are usually well aware of what can go
wrong and why, based on their job experience.
B.

PPE SELECTION AND STANDARDIZATION

PPE shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. Approved/
accepted PPE shall be used where they are available. The PPE furnished shall provide
adequate protection against the particular hazard for which it is designed according to
standards set by competent
authorities. In some cases, use of PPE may create a
secondary risk not identified in the original assessment. These risks should be evaluated. An
assessment of the effectiveness of the equipment chosen should be made to ensure it is
providing the desired protection and is not creating any additional safety or health problems.
To ensure personal protective equipment is selected appropriately, FIC in particular, and HSE
Coordinator, in general, should:

familiarize themselves with the potential hazards as well as with the design features,
performance and application of various PPEs available locally or internationally.
Consider whether the available PPE is appropriate for the risks involved and the
conditions at the place where exposure to the risk may occur? For example, eye
protection designed for providing protection against agricultural pesticides will not offer
adequate face protection for someone using an angle grinder to cut steel or stone.

understand the criteria for selecting appropriate personal protective equipment that
provides adequate level of protection against the risks present. Consider whether the PPE
will prevent or adequately control the risks involved without increasing the overall level
of risk.

evaluate the selected equipment to ensure it fits properly, is used appropriately, and does
not create secondary health or safety risks. Careful consideration must be given to
comfort and fit. PPE that fits poorly will not afford the necessary protection. Continued
wearing of the device is more likely if it fits the wearer comfortably. Protective devices
are generally available in a variety of sizes. Care should be taken to ensure that the right
size is selected.

what are the needs of the job and the demands it places on the wearer? For example the
length of time the PPE needs to be worn, the physical effort required to do the job and
the requirements for visibility and communication.

if more than one item of PPE is being worn, are they compatible? For example, does the
use of a particular type of respirator make it difficult to get eye protection to fit properly?

The above considerations may require extensive literature search, study of vendor catalogues
and correspondence and consultation with PPE manufacturers, vendors and experts.

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The Appendices at the end of this document provide useful information for selecting and
standardizing PPE.
Appendix A gives classification and types of common PPE
Appendix B provides a useful worksheet for hazard assessment
Appendix C gives guidelines for selecting the class or category of PPE based on the hazards
identified through the use of above worksheet
Appendix D gives a matrix of minimum PPE to be used in relation to generic tasks and
activities. However, it should be noted that PPE should only be issued and used after
assessment, consideration and the implementation of other risk control measures.
C.

COMMUNICATION
Communication requirements include:

D.

Information to the employees about the hazards related to the work area as well as those
related to specific tasks.

Information about the engineering and administrative controls as well as PPE

requirements.

Signs, labels and posters for general awareness and information / warning. These signs,
labels and posters should be placed at appropriate locations and in the language(s)
understood by most workers. In particular, appropriate signs must be placed at locations
which require mandatory use of specific PPE.

Permit to Work / Job Hazard Analysis / Communication Meetings / Tool box talk, etc.

CONTROL OF ISSUES / RECEIPTS AND RECORDS

PSO will provide the necessary Personal Protective Equipment to all employees and visitors
under its control who may be exposed to a risk to their health or safety while at work. The
respective FIC shall determine the PPE needs and arrange for their availability and issuance.
He may establish criteria for replacement and re-issue of various items of PPE based on the
operating conditions and nature of tasks within their teams. However, pre-mature
replacements and re-issue of PPE should be permitted in the event of loss of or defects in
PPE.
Contractor shall ensure that they provide appropriate PPE to their employees. All PPE used by
contractors must conform to international standards or minimum standards set by PSO.

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Appropriate levels of PPE inventory shall be maintained with their respective departments for
facility. FIC shall be responsible to monitor, maintain, reorder to ensure availability of PPE
and suggest changes in reorder levels based on usage.
E.

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

The inspection of personal protective equipment will be carried out by HSE Coordinator/
Project Engineer/ Concerned officer. It is the responsibility of every user to properly inspect
any and all personal protective equipment prior to use. The maintenance of PPE except
specialized equipment is also the responsibility of the user.
FIC shall identify and designate competent personnel for carrying out maintenance work on
the specialized PPE including but not limited to Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus, Air Line or Air Supplied Respirators, Sand Blasting hoods, etc.
Manufacturers guidelines and recommendations are to be followed and complied when
performing maintenance work including replacement of parts or repairs.

F.

TRAINING

An explanation of the risks present and why PPE is needed.

The operation, performance, and limitations of the equipment.

Instructions on the selection, use and storage of PPE related to the intended use. Written
operating procedures such as permits to work involving PPE shall be explained.

Factors which can effect the protection provided by the PPE such as other protective
equipment, personal factors; working conditions; inadequate fitting; defects, damage and
wear.

Recognizing defects in PPE and arrangements for reporting loss or defects.

Practice in wearing and removing the equipment.

Practice and instruction in inspection and, where appropriate, testing of PPE before use.

Practice and instruction in the maintenance, which can be done by the user, such as
cleaning, and the replacement of certain components.

Instruction in the safe storage of equipment.

The extent of the training that is required will depend on the type of equipment, how
frequently it is used and the needs of the people being trained.
G.

ASSESSMENTS AND AUDITS

Informal assessment of PPE is a continuous process and is the responsibility of all FICs, HSE
Coordinators, M&R Engineer/ Project Engineer and PPE users. More formal assessment is
made by reviews of site incident reports involving any failings associated with PPE.

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Regular and documented audits of PPE will be conducted annually. Records of these audits
must be kept for a minimum of 2 years.
All incidents involving the failure, misuse or poor selection of PPE will be investigated.
The audit process should review, among other things, the following:

New or revised standards requiring protection

Injury and incident statistics

Workers complaints

Changes in tasks, processes or procedures

Availability of alternative controls

Availability of new PPE technology and design options

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APPENDIX A CLASSIFICATION & TYPES OF PPE

For the purpose of selection, PPE is normally classified according to the part of body or body system
which it protects. The following sub-sections provide guidance on the basic requirements as well as
different types of commonly used PPE for protection of various body parts and body systems.

1.0

EYE/FACE PROTECTION
Eye and face protection shall be provided in hazardous environments where there is a
reasonable probability that related injuries can be prevented or reduced by the use of such
equipment. Appropriate eye/face protection shall be made available according to the work to
be performed, and the employee/contractor shall use that protection.
Suitable eye/face protection shall be provided where machines or operations present danger
from flying objects, splashed hazardous liquid, direct or reflected brightness, hazardous
chemicals, injurious radiation, or a combination of these hazards.
Minimum Selection Requirements:
a. Shall provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they were
designed.
b. Shall be reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions.
c. Shall fit snugly and shall not interfere with the movement of the wearer.
d. Shall be durable.
e. Shall be capable of being disinfected and cleaned (unless they are disposable).

1.1

Applicable International Standards:

OSHA 29CFR 1910.133
ANSI Z87.1
BS 2092
EN 166 / 169 / 175

1.2

Types of Eye and Face Protection:

The types of eyes and face protection are given below:

1.2.1

Spectacles These provide general purpose protection to the wearers eyes against a variety
of hazards depending on spectacle type such as impact and optical radiation, etc. They consist
of the front frame with bridge area, lens or lenses, temples and side shields.

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Impact resistant lens type having an impact resistant polycarbonate lens with or without
side shields and with or without brow guards. The lens may also be made of impact resistant
glass or special materials to provide additional protection against heat, radiation, and other
hazards. The lens may be optically clear or tinted. The lens may also be coated with special
materials for providing additional scratch resistance or anti-mist qualities.
Prescription lens type similar to the above spectacles but with prescription lens.
Over Spectacles type having a larger frame size and usually with single large lens which
can be worn over normal prescription spectacles.
Visitors spectacles having a low impact resistance and suitable for infrequent visitors to
plant hazard areas.
1.2.2

Goggles These are primary protective devices intended to fit the face immediately
surrounding the eyes in order to shield the eyes from a variety of hazards. Goggles are
commonly available with rigid or flexible frames and are usually ventilated to allow passage
of air to minimize fogging.
Impact type these have a clear or tinted impact-resistant polycarbonate lens with direct
ventilation ports in the frame to provide ventilation and avoid misting.
Chemical splash type similar to the impact goggles but with indirect ventilation ports to
prevent chemical splashed from entering the eyes.

Welding Goggles similar in overall construction to the impact and splash goggles but equipped
with dark shade glass lens protected by an additional clear glass lens according to the type of
welding operation and having dark opaque frame instead of a clear frame. The goggles may
be fitted with a fixed or a lift-up type goggle lens frame.

1.2.3

Face Shields These are protective devices generally intended to shield the wearers face, or
portions thereof, in addition to the eyes from certain hazards. They generally consist of a
transparent or tinted window, a tilting support, an adjustable head gear with or without a
crown protector. Some face shields may also have neck and chin protectors.
Impact type These usually have clear polycarbonate lens windows.
Chemical Splash type These usually have clear acetate lens windows.
Welding and high temperature type These usually have shaded lens having different
shades according to the type of welding operation or temperatures involved.
Screen mesh type These usually have wire mesh screen windows and are used in forestry
applications.
Helmet mountable type These may be impact type or chemical splash type but instead of
an adjustable head gear they have adapters for directly mounting on to a safety helmet.

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HEAD PROTECTION
Head protection shall be provided where there is a danger from impact or penetration from
falling and flying objects or from limited electric shock or burn.

2.1

Applicable International Standards

OSHA 29CFR 1910.135 / 1926.28 / 1926.100
ANSI Z89.1
BS 5240 / 4033
EN 397
NFPA 1972

2.2

Types of Head Protection

The types of head and neck protection are given below.

2.2.1

Safety Helmets/ Industrial hard hats Impact resistant type these are meant to afford
impact protection to the wearer and comprise a shell usually made of high density
polyethylene (HDPE) but may also be made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) or
other synthetic and plastic materials and an adjustable harness or suspension fitted inside the
shell at four, six or, sometime even eight points. The suspension or harness may have sweat
bands in the forehead area for comfort.

2.2.2

Electrical insulation type in addition to impact protection, these helmets provide electrical
protection usually up to 440 Volts and, in some cases, even higher voltages.

2.2.3

Bump caps these provide a somewhat lower impact resistance and are meant to absorb only
the force of impacting against some objects instead of providing protection against objects
falling from heights.

3.0

FOOT / TOE / INSTEP PROTECTION

Foot protection shall be provided where there is potential for foot, toe, or instep injuries.
Protective footwear is intended to provide protection for the toes and/or instep against
external forces. A toe box, cup or instep protector is incorporated as an integral part of the
footwear during manufacture. Additionally, the footwear shall have a sole or insole that will
protect against penetration. In certain situations, other features (antistatic properties, electrical
resistance, etc.) may be required.

3.1

Applicable International Standards :

OSHA 29CFR 1910.136

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ANSI Z41
EN 344 / 345 / 346 / 347
NFPA 1974
3.2

Types of Feet and Legs Protection

The types of feet and legs protection are given below

3.2.1

Steel-toe boots for general protection against impact, puncture, etc. May also, additionally
provide slip-resistance, antistatic protection, liquid/fuel resistance, etc.

3.2.2

Rubber / PVC gum boots for general purpose protection against water, chemicals, etc.
They are generally knee-high long and may be worn over normal work boots.

3.2.3

Firemans boots used specifically for fire fighting applications.

4.0

HAND PROTECTION
Hand protection shall be provided where there is danger of cuts such as handling knives or
slicing equipment, or danger from handling corrosive materials, such as cleaning chemicals or
solvents. Cotton, leather, asbestos, or rubber gloves, chain mail gloves (full or partial), and
barrier creams are typical hand protection items. Proper hand protection devices shall be
identified and provided to protect against the specific hazards in the workplace.

4.1

Applicable International Standards

Electrical Protection Gloves:
OSHA 29CFR 1910.137
ASTM J6.6
IEC 903

Mechanical / Chemical / Heat Protective Gloves:

EN 374 / 388 / 407 / 420 / 421 / 511 / 1073 / 1082
ISO 2801 / 6942 / 8194
BS EN 31092

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BS-ISO - 9920
NFPA 1973

4.2

Types of Hands and Arms Protection

The types of hands and arms protection are given below.
Gloves and mitts
Sleeves and arm coverings
Finger cots and finger tapes

4.3

Common Gloves Materials.

Some of the more common glove materials and their properties and applications with
examples are:
Nitrile rubber a copolymer available in a wide range of acrylonitrile content; chemical
resistance and stiffness increase with higher acrylonitrile content. Generally has a better
abrasion resistance. Application: Oils, acids, hydroxides, etc.
Neoprene rubber a synthetic rubber having greater flexibility and chemical and wearresistance properties superior to those of natural rubber. Applications: Organic and inorganic
acids, alcohols, etc.
Polyethylene a fairly chemical resistant material used as a freestanding film or a fabric
coating. Applications: pharmaceutical, inspections, general duty protection.
Natural latex rubber a highly flexible and conforming material made from a liquid tapped
from rubber plants. Applications: agriculture, construction, fishing and general handling.
Butyl rubber a synthetic rubber with good resistance to weathering and a wide variety of
chemicals.
Polyvinyl chloride a stiff polymer that is made softer and more suitable for protective
clothing applications by the addition of plasticizers. Provides excellent liquid and solvent
protection and is inert to most chemicals. Applications: Most acids, chlorides, caustics,
solvents, etc.
Cotton a natural fiber providing comfort and breathability in general purpose applications
and, in heavier weights, for abrasion and heat resistance.
Polyester cotton synthetic polyester yarn mixed with cotton yarn provide longer wear and
better finish.
Leather made from hides of animals provides protection from rough objects, sparks and
heat. Applications: welding, handling sharp and hot objects, etc.

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Goat/Sheepskin made from hides of goats and sheep, they are generally softer and more
flexible. Used for general purpose protection against sharp objects and sparks. Also used as
over-gloves for protection of electrical gloves.

5.0

HEARING PROTECTION
Hearing protection shall be provided for employees in those areas in which the noise levels
cannot be engineered out or in which administrative controls are not practical.
A hearing conservation system, including PPE, noise monitoring, periodic audiometric
testing, and employee training, shall be initiated whenever employee noise exposures equal or
exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average level of 80 dBA.
A general awareness orientation shall include training in:
a. The effects of noise on hearing.
b. The purpose of hearing protectors, the advantages and disadvantages of various types of
protectors, and instructions for selection, fitting, use, and care of the protectors.
c.

The purpose of audiometric testing and an explanation of the test procedures.

When information indicates that any employees exposure may equal or exceed an 8-hour
time-weighted average of 80 decibels, a noise monitoring system shall be developed. The
monitoring strategy shall be designed to identify employees for inclusion in the hearing
conservation system and to enable the proper selection of hearing protectors.
An audiometric testing system shall include all exposed employees. A baseline audiogram
shall be established with at least an annual audiogram thereafter.
5.1

Applicable International Standards

OSHA 29CFR 1910.95 / 1923.101
ANSI Z24.22
BS 6344
EN 352

5.2

Types of Hearing Protection

The types of hearing protection devices are given below.

5.2.1

Ear Plugs. These are inserted inside the ear canal and are available in various designs and
materials. They may be corded or un-corded.
Disposable type These are soft and pliable and acquire the shape of the ear canal once
inserted inside. They are not re-useable.

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Polyurethane foam type These are soft and pliable, hence expanding inside the ear canal to
acquire the shape of the canal and providing excellent noise protection. However, these can be
re-used and also washed and disinfected.
Silicone Rubber type These are made of soft silicone rubber. These do not expand inside
the ear canal and require proper sizing and insertion to provide adequate sealing and noise
protection.
5.2.2

Ear Muffs. These are worn over the ears and provide noise attenuation by sealing the external
ear. They consist of a pair of ear cups and a head band.
Mechanical noise attenuation type the muffs may be filled with acoustic foam or liquid
glycerin. The attenuation provided depends upon the design of the cups and the material of
the cup fillings. The head band may be all plastic with no metal parts for use in areas where
there is danger of live electrical contact or may be made of a combination of metallic ribs and
plastic covers. The head band may or may not be cushioned.
Electronic noise suppression type these types electronically filter out sudden high volume
spikes and annoying noise levels while allowing the wearer to continue to hear the general,
more evenly modulated noises or conversations.
Voice Communication type besides providing hearing protection, these also allow twoway or multi-channel communication through battery operated transceivers.
Helmet mountable type these muffs consist only of a pair of ear cups with special arms
and adapters to fit into the slots of helmet shells without a head band. The arms are adjustable
whereby the muffs can be donned on the ears or removed in parking condition.

6.0

BODY PROTECTION
Body protection shall be provided where there is danger of cuts or danger from handling
corrosive materials, such as cleaning chemicals or solvents. Cotton, leather, asbestos, or
rubber coveralls are typical body protection items. Proper body protection devices shall be
identified and provided to protect against the specific hazards in the workplace.

6.1

Applicable International Standards

EN-340 / 342 / 343 / 412 / 465 / 469 / 470 / 471 / 531
BS 3791
NFPA 1971

6.2

Types of Body Protection Equipment.

The types of body protection equipment are given below:

6.2.1

Apron

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PPE

Bib type covering chest, waist and legs down to the knee or sometimes to ankles.
Waist type covering waist and legs down to the knees or below.
Split type divided at the crotch and fastened around each leg.
6.2.2

Cape sleeve back, shoulders and arms covering which extends over the upper chest. They
can also be worn over aprons.

6.2.3

Over all one-piece apparel combining pull-on pants with upper portion covering body and
the hands partly or wholly.

6.2.4

Jacket covering upper body from shoulders to hips with or without sleeves.

6.2.5

Coat Extending either to knee or ankle to give bodies and leg protection.

6.2.6

Suit Covering from head to feet, for complete protection may or may not be used with
respiratory protection.

7.0

Respiratory System Protection

Respiratory system protection shall be provided in areas that present a limited breathable
environment or the possibility of an oxygen-deficient environment or air contamination.
Proper Respiratory System protection devices shall be identified and provided to protect
against the specific hazards in the workplace these shall include but not be limited to Air
purifying respirators, chemical cartridge respirators, air-supplied respirators, combination
respirators, self contained breathing devices.

7.1

Applicable International Standards

OSHA 29CFR 1910.134
NIOSH 42CFR 84 (MSHA)
ANSI Z88.2
BS 7356
EN 136 / 140 / 141 / 143 / 149 / 405

7.2

Types of Respiratory Protection.

The types of respiratory protection are given below.

7.2.1

Disposable dust masks these are made of a various types of paper-thin fabric and usually
provide protection against coarse non-toxic dusts. However, disposable dust masks for fine
and toxic dusts are also available.

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7.2.2

PPE

Air purifying respirators (APR) These are of various types and designs but have a
common feature of using filters to purify the air entering the lungs through the nose or mouth.
They comprise a face piece, elastic band or harness, one-way inlet and outlet valves and
optional speech membrane. These cannot be used in oxygen-deficient atmospheres or in
atmospheres immediately dangerous to life and health ((IDLH).
These must be used together with appropriate air purifying filter cartridges / canisters for
protection against specific particulates or gases / vapors / fumes / mists present in the
environment. The commonly available filter cartridges / canisters are classified as follows:
Type A

Organic gases & vapors e.g. solvents with boiling point more than 65 C

Type B

Inorganic gases and vapors, e.g. chlorine, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen cyanide,
fluorine, cyanogen chloride, phosgene

Type E

Acid gases and vapors e.g. sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, formic acid, nitric
dioxide

Type K

Ammonia and organic ammonia derivates

Type P

toxic particles, bacteria and virus

Various combinations of the above basic types are also available for providing multiple or
universal protection.
Half mask type these masks cover the mouth and nose and provide breathing protection
with the help of filters screwed or push fitted upstream of the inlet valves. The filters used
depend upon the contamination in the ambient air. These may be single filter type or dual
filter type.
Full face type these masks cover the entire face from forehead to chin and across both ears
thus providing protection against respiratory hazards as well as hazards to eyes and face.
These may also be single or dual filter type. The filter canisters are usually larger than those
of half masks. They may sometimes also have an additional inlet connection to allow fresh air
supply through a hose or tubing.
7.2.3

Air Supplied Respirators (ASR). These respirators do not use any filters but have a hose
connection at the inlet through which fresh or breathing quality air can be fed either through
an air compressor or through a remote air source far removed from the contaminated ambient
air in the immediate vicinity of work.
Half mask type Similar to half mask APR but equipped with an inlet air connection instead
of filter attachments.
Full face type Similar to full face APR but equipped with an inlet air connection instead of
filter attachments.

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Pakistan State Oil

7.2.4

PPE

Powered air purifying respirators (PAPR). These are similar to APR but have a battery
powered blower attached to the waist with the help of a belt which forces the ambient air
through a hose into the filters and to the mask inlet.
Half mask type similar to half mask APR except the powered air blower feature described
above.
Full face type - similar to full face APR except the powered air blower feature described
above.

7.2.5

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). This consists of a full face mask connected
through a breathing hose line to a pressure regulator and air supply valve and pressure gauge
to a pressurized cylinder of breathing air worn over the back with the help of a back plate and
harness assembly. The cylinders come in various configurations and materials to provide
varying autonomy for the unit ranging from 5 minutes to four hours or more.`

8.0

FALL PROTECTION
Fall protection shall be worn when a fall hazard exceeds 6 ft, but is not normally needed
where portable ladders are in use. Lifelines, safety belts, full-body harnesses, and lanyards
shall be used only for worker safeguarding. Any of these devices subjected to a fall shall be
immediately removed from service and not used again for worker safeguarding.

8.1

Three system components

8.1.1 Body Wear: The first component is the personal protective gear worn by workers
while performing the job. Effective January 1, 1998, body belts are prohibited as a fall arrest
device. Body belts can still be used as a positioning device. Full-body harnesses are the only
appropriate equipment to be worn in the event of a free fall.
Full-Body Harness with Sliding Back D-Ring Should a fall occur, the body harnesses
will distribute the load throughout the body instead of concentrating the forces on the
abdomen, as is the case with traditional body belts. The sliding back D-ring will keep the
worker in an upright position in the event of a fall, which allows the worker to remain as
comfortable as possible while awaiting a rescue.

8.1.2

Connecting Devices: The second system component is the connecting device. This device
can be a rope or web lanyard, rope grab or retractable lifeline. However, shock absorbing
lanyards are recommended because they significantly reduce the forces generated in a fall.
Shock-Absorbing Lanyards with Locking Snap Hooks Lanyards with built-in shock
absorbers reduce fall arresting forces by 6580% compared to forces generated by traditional
lanyards. Locking snaps feature self-closing, self-locking keepers which remain closed until
unlocked and pressed open for connection or disconnection. This feature of locking snaps
significantly reduces the possibility of accidental disengagement or rollout.

8.1.3

Anchorage Point: The final component of the system is the anchor point (often referred to as
the tie-off point). This point must be capable of supporting 5,000 pounds per worker, such as
a support beam, cross-arm strap or beam trolley.

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PPE

Reliable Anchorage Points Anchor points and attachments must be capable of supporting
5000 lbs. per worker. If there is any doubt about the strength of the anchor and/or attachment
point DO NOT ATTACH. Search for an alternative anchor point and select a proper
attachment device.
Individually, none of these components will provide protection from a fall. Used properly
with each other, they form a Personal Fall Arrest System which becomes a critically important
part of the total fall protection system.
8.2

Four Functional Equipment Categories

Fall protection equipment may be divided into four functional categories:

8.2.1

Fall Arrest. A fall arrest system is designed to be passive and will only come into service
should a fall occur.

8.2.2

Positioning. The second category is the personal positioning system, which holds a worker in
place while allowing a hands-free work environment. Whenever a worker leans back, the
system is activated, making this an active system. Note that a fall arrest system should be
used in conjunction with the personal positioning system. A combination system should be
used whenever possible, since a personal positioning system is not specifically designed for
fall arrest purposes. By using this combination system, the fall arrest components will be
activated should the worker suffer a fall.

8.2.3

Suspension. The third category is the personal suspension system. These systems are
designed to lower and support a worker while allowing a hands-free work environment.
Because the suspension system components are not designed to arrest a free fall, a back-up
fall arrest system should be used in conjunction with the personal suspension system. This fall
arrest system will only activate should the worker experience a free fall.

8.2.4

Retrieval. The fourth category of the system is mostly used in confined space, and is known
as a personal retrieval system. This system is primarily used where workers must be lowered
into tanks, manholes, etc., and may require retrieval from above should an emergency occur.

8.3

Applicable International Standards

OSHA 29CFR 1926.104 / 1926.959
ANSI A10.14
BS 1397
EN 361 / 362 / 355 / 358

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PPE

APPENDIX B PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Organization:____________________________________________________

Department: ___________________________________________

Location:_______________________________________________________

Assessment Completed By: _______________________________

PPE Contact Person: _____________________________________________

Date: _________________________________________________
Job Titles/Employees Exposed: ____________________________

Body
Area

Hazard Type

HSE/01

Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion
Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion
Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion
Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion

Description

Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat
Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat
Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat
Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat

Rev - 0

Impact
light
Mists
Noise
Impact
light
Mists
Noise
Impact
light
Mists
Noise
Impact
light
Mists
Noise

Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors
Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors
Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors
Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors

Page 25 of 30

Probability

Probable
Possible
Unlikely
Probable
Possible
Unlikely
Probable
Possible
Unlikely
Probable
Possible
Unlikely

Comments

Pakistan State Oil

Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion
Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion
Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion
Bum
Chemical
Compression
Cut/Abrasion

PPE

Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat
Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat
Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat
Dust
Electrical
Fumes
Heat

Job Task

HSE/01

Impact
light
Mists
Noise
Impact
light
Mists
Noise
Impact
light
Mists
Noise
Impact
light
Mists
Noise

Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors
Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors
Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors
Puncture
Radiation
Smoke
Gas/Vapors

PPE Required

Rev - 0

Probable
Possible
Unlikely
Probable
Possible
Unlikely
Probable
Possible
Unlikely
Probable
Possible
Unlikely

Special Training

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PPE

APPENDIX C GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF PPE REQUIREMENT

Eye/Face

Head

Foot/Toe

Where needed

Where machines or
operations present a
danger from flying
objects, direct or
reflected brightness,
hazardous liquids, or
injurious radiation.

Where there is a
danger from impact
and penetration
from falling or flying
objects or from
limited electric
shock.

In areas were there

is a potential for foot
or toe injury

Danger of cuts or
from handling
corrosive, solvents
and/or other
chemicals.

Noise exposure
that equals or
exceeds 85 dBA

In areas that present a

limited breathable
environment or the
possibility of an oxygendeficient environment or
air contamination.

Type of Protection

Goggles, full face

shields, safety
glasses, side shields,
welders lenses

Safety Hats (full

brim, brimless,
limited voltage
protection, no
voltage protection)

Impact and
compression
resistant, puncture
resistance, electric
hazard resistance,
conductive

Cotton, leather
gloves, gauntlets;
heat resistant gloves;
barrier creams; chain
mail gloves; PVC
gloves; rubber
gloves.

Full muffs,
disposable plugs,
Swedish wool,
non-disposable
plugs.

Air purifying respirators,

chemical cartridge
respirators, air-supplied
respirators, combination
respirators, self
contained breathing
devices.

Shall meet
applicable
standards.

Shall meet
applicable
standards.

Shall meet
applicable
standards.

Shall meet
applicable
standards.

Shall meet
applicable
standards.

Shall meet applicable

standards.

Comfortable fit
(Snugly, not interfere
with movement)

Comfortable,
proper fit.

Proper fit.

Proper fit

Proper fit, correct

type for noise
exposure

Significant fitting
required.

Fitting
Requirements

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Hearing

Breathing

Pakistan State Oil

PPE

APPENDIX D MINIMUM PPE REQUIREMENTS [SAMPLE

CASES]

MINIMUM PPE REQUIREMENT

Process Area Exposure

Dusty Areas

Materials Handling

Falling Objects & Overhead Equip.

High Noise

Oil Bowser Filling

Chemical Handling

Excavation Areas

HSE/01

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x
x

X
x

x
x

Page 28 of 30

x
x

Lanyard

Fall
Protection

Body harness

Rubber Boots

Safety Shoes

Specialized Gloves (Oil or Acid)

Cotton Gloves

Dust Mask
x

x
x

Foot
Protection

Hand Protection

Supplied Air Respirator

Respiratory
Protection

Filter Respirator

Ear Muff

Ear Plugs

Welding Hood

Ear
Protection

Electrical Lineman Gloves

Activity / Hazard

Chemical Goggles

Hard Hat

Chemical Suit

Jacket/Fire Retardant

Apron(s)

100% Cotton Coveralls

Eye/Face Protection

Safety Glass with Side Shield

Head
Protection

Body Protection

PPE

x
x

MINIMUM PPE REQUIREMENT [SAMPLE

Activity / Hazard
Electrical Work

Machining (Lathe)

Working at Height

Sand / Grit Blasting

Water Jetting

Scaffolding erection

HSE/01

CASES]

Cotton Gloves

Hand Protection

Dust Mask

Supplied Air Respirator

Respiratory
Protection

Filter Respirator

Ear Muff

Ear
Protection

Ear Plugs

Welding Hood

Chemical Goggles

Hard Hat

Chemical Suit

Jacket/Fire Retardant

Apron(s)

100% Cotton Coveralls

Eye/Face Protection

Safety Glass with Side Shield

Head
Protection

Body Protection

x
x

Fall
Protection

x
x

Rev - 0

Foot
Protection

Lanyard

Body harness

Rubber Boots

Auto Mechanic / Cleaning

Specialized Gloves (Oil or Acid)

Electrical Lineman Gloves

Shop Grinding

Safety Shoes

Pakistan State Oil

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x

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PPE

Note: It must be noted that the above minimum PPE requirements are generic requirements for the above mentioned tasks. These are not a substitute proper PPE
selection based on more specific and detailed risk assessments considering the hazards due to the task, work area, length of exposure and other simultaneous
hazards.

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