TEAC FD-235HF-C891

MICRO FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

SPECIFICATION

7329

Rev. A

31 sheets in Total

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page
1. OUTLINE ..................................................................................................................................... 1
2. DISK ............................................................................................................................................ 2
3. PHYSICAL SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................... 3
4. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................... 5
4.1 2MB Mode Data Capacity ..................................................................................................... 5
4.2 1MB Mode Data Capacity ..................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Disk Rotation Mechanism .................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Index Detection ..................................................................................................................... 7
4.5 Track Construction ............................................................................................................... 7
4.6 Magnetic Head ....................................................................................................................... 7
4.7 Track Seek Mechanism ......................................................................................................... 8
4.8 Window Margin and Others .................................................................................................. 8
5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 9
6. RELIABILITY ............................................................................................................................. 10
7. POWER INTERFACE ................................................................................................................ 11
7.1 Required Power ................................................................................................................... 11
7.2 Power Interface Connector and Cable .............................................................................. 12
8. SIGNAL INTERFACE ................................................................................................................ 14
8.1 Signal Interface Connector and Cable .............................................................................. 14
8.2 Electrical Charactristics ..................................................................................................... 16
8.2.1 FDD side receiver and driver ........................................................................................ 16
8.2.2 Host side receiver and driver ....................................................................................... 16
8.3 Input/Output Signals ........................................................................................................... 18
8.3.1 DRIVE SELECT input signal ......................................................................................... 18
8.3.2 MOTOR ON input signal ............................................................................................... 18
8.3.3 DIRECTION SELECT input signal ................................................................................ 18
8.3.4 STEP input signal .......................................................................................................... 18
8.3.5 WRITE GATE input signal ............................................................................................. 18
8.3.6 WRITE DATA input signal ............................................................................................. 19
8.3.7 SIDE ONE SELECT input signal ................................................................................... 19
8.3.8 TRACK 00 output signal ............................................................................................... 19
8.3.9 INDEX output signal ...................................................................................................... 19
8.3.10 READ DATA output signal .......................................................................................... 19
8.3.11 WRITE PROTECT output signal ................................................................................. 20
8.3.12 DISK CHANGE output signal ...................................................................................... 20
8.3.13 Input/Output signals for density mode setting (HD OUT) ....................................... 20
8.3.14 NO CONNECTION (NC) ............................................................................................... 21
8.3.15 Treatment of not-used signals ................................................................................... 21
9. CONTROL SEQUENCE ............................................................................................................ 23
9.1 Power-on .............................................................................................................................. 23
9.2 Seek Operation .................................................................................................................... 24
9.3 Read Write Operation ......................................................................................................... 25
9.4 Current Consumption Profile ............................................................................................. 26
10. FRAME GROUNDING ............................................................................................................. 28
11. TURN ON CONDITION OF INDICATOR AND SPINDLE MOTOR ......................................... 28
11.1 Front Indicator ................................................................................................................... 28

11.2 Spindle Motor .................................................................................................................... 28

ii

1. OUTLINE
This specification provides a description for the TEAC FD-235HF, dual density (2/1MB, 2-modes), 90mm
(3.5-inch) micro floppy disk drive (hereinafter referred to as FDD). Table 1-1 shows the outline of the FDD,
and Table 1-2 shows the signal interface pin-assignment.
(Table 1-1) Specification outline
Model name
Front bezel
Front shutter
Eject button
LED indicator
Safety standard

FD-235HF-C891
Beige (PS)
Beige (PS)
Beige (PS)
Green
UL, CSA & TV

Operation modes

2MB mode
Write and read

1MB mode
Write and read

90mm (3.5-inch) disk used

High density
(2HD)

Normal density
(2DD)

Unformatted data capacity

Data transfer rate
Disk rotational speed
Track density
Track to track time
Required power
Signal output driver
Input signal pull-up

2M bytes
500k bits/s
300rpm
5.3track/mm (135tpi)
3ms
+5V single (4.5 ~ 5.5V)
Open collector TTL
1k 30%

1M bytes
250k bits/s
300rpm

Function setting at delivery

1. Interface setting
1.1 Pin12: DRIVE SELECT 1 input
1.2 Pin34: DISK CHANGE output
2. Other function setting
2.1 Automatic density setting for 2DD (1MB) disk or 2HD
(2MB) disk.
2.2 LED turn on condition: DRIVE SELECT
2.3 Motor rotating condition: MOTOR ON
2.4 Ready and seek-complete gate (full-mask) for INDEX
and READ DATA output pulses.
2.5 Auto-chucking at disk installation
2.6 Auto-recalibration at power on
2.7 Frame is electrically shorted to DC 0V.

Interface connector
Power connector
Other optional function

34 pin right-angled header connector

Equipped
Not equipped

(Table 1-2) Signal interface pin-assignment

Pin Nos.
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33

Signals
NC
P. key
NC
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V
0V

Pin Nos.
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

Signals
NC
NC
NC
INDEX
NC
DRIVE SELECT 1
NC
MOTOR ON
DIRECTION SELECT
STEP
WRITE DATA
WRITE GATE
TRACK 00
WRITE PROTECT
READ DATA
SIDE ONE SELECT
DISK CHANGE

Direc

Output

Input

Input
Input
Input
Input
Input
Output
Output
Output
Input
Output

The FDD is equipped with a discrimination switch for the high density (HD) hole of an installed disk cartridge.
Refer to item 8.3.13 as to the detailed explanation for density mode setting.

2. DISK
(1) Work disk
90mm (3.5-inch) micro floppy disks which are mutually agreed between the customer and TEAC.
For 2MB mode : High density disk (2HD)
1MB mode : Normal density disk (2DD)
(2) Cleaning disk
The FDD does not require any cleaning disk. However, the dry type disk is used if required.

3. PHYSICAL SPECIFICATION
(Table 3-1) Physical specification
Width
Height
Depth
Weight
External view
Cooling

101.6mm (4.00 in), Nom.

25.4mm (1.00 in), Nom.
145mm (5.71 in), Nom., excluding front bezel
410g (0.90lbs), Nom., 415g (0.91 lbs), Max.
See Fig. 3-1.
Natural air cooling

Mounting

Mountings for the following directions are acceptable.

(a) Front loading, mounted vertically.
(b) Front loading, mounted horizontally with spindle motor down.
(c) The flatness in (a) and (b) shall be within 25 in the direction in which
the front bezel side is raised (+) or lowered (-). However, the flatness
from +25 to horizontal level is allowed when the disk is eject out of
the tray.
Note: As to the other mounting directions than the above will be
considered separately.

Installation
Material of flame
Material of front bezel

With installation holes on the frame of the FDD. Refer to Fig. 3-1.
Sheet metal
PPHOX or ABS (Complying with UL94-5V)

(Fig. 3-1) FDD external view

4. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.1 2MB Mode Data Capacity
(Table 4.1-1) 2MB mode data capacity
Recording method
Data transfer rate
Tracks/disk
Innermost track bit density

bpmm (bpi)

Innermost track flux density

frpmm (frpi)

k bits/s

k bytes/track
k bytes/disk
k bytes/sector
32 sectors/track k bytes/track
k bytes/disk
k bytes/sector
18 sectors/track k bytes/track
k bytes/disk
k bytes/sector
10 sectors/track k bytes/track
k bytes/disk

Data
capacity

Formatted

Unformatted

FM
250
160
343.19
(8,717)
686.38
(17,434)
6.25
1,000
0.128
4.096
655.36
0.256
4.608
737.28
0.512
5.12
819.2

MFM
500
160
686.38
(17,434)
686.38
(17,434)
12.5
2,000
0.256
8.192
1,310.72
0.512
9.216
1,474.56
1.024
10.24
1,638.4

4.2 1MB Mode Data Capacity

(Table 4.2-1) 1MB mode data capacity
Recording method
Data transfer rate
Tracks/disk
Innermost track bit density

bpmm (bpi)

Innermost track flux density

frpmm (frpi)

k bits/s

k bytes/track
k bytes/disk
k bytes/sector
16 sectors/track k bytes/trac
k bytes/disk
k bytes/sector
9 sectors/track k bytes/track
k bytes/disk
k bytes/sector
5 sectors/track k bytes/track
k bytes/disk

Data
capacity

Formatted

Unformatted

FM
125
160
171.61
(4,359)
343.19
(8,717)
3.125
500
0.128
2.048
327.68
0.256
2.304
368.64
0.512
2.56
409.6

MFM
250
160
343.19
(8,717)
343.19
(8,717)
6.25
1,000
0.256
4.096
655.36
0.512
4.608
737.28
1.024
5.12
819.2

4.3 Disk Rotation Mechanism

(Table 4.3-1) Disk Rotation Mechanism
Spindle motor
Spindle speed
Motor servo method
Motor/spindle connection
Disk speed
Long term speed variation (LSV)
Instantaneous speed variation (ISV)
Start time
Average latency

DC brushless motor
300rpm
Frequency servo by ceramic oscillator
Motor shaft direct
The same as the spindle speed.
1.5% or less
2% or less
480ms or less
100ms

4.4 Index Detection

(Table 4.4-1) Index Detection
Number of index
Detection method
Detection cycle
Index burst detecttion timing error
(with specified test disk)

1 per disk revolution

Rotor detection of spindle motor by Hall element
or FG output.
200ms 1.5%
400s or less

4.5 Track Construction

(Table 4.5-1) Track Construction
Track density
Number of cylinders
Number of tracks
Outermost track radius (track 00)
Innermost track radius (track 79)
Positioning accuracy

5.3 tracks/mm (135tpi)

Track pitch 187.5m
80 cylinders
160 tracks/disk
Side 0 39.500mm (1.5551 in)
Side 1 38.000mm (1.4961 in)
Side 0 24.6875mm (0.9719 in)
Side 1 23.1875mm (0.9129 in)
15m or less, with specified test disk
(Track 40, 23 2C, 45 ~ 55%RH, horizontal)

4.6 Magnetic Head

(Table 4.6-1) Magnetic Head
Magnetic head
Effective track width after trim erase
Read/write gap azimuth error

Read/write head with erase gap, 2 sets

0.115 0.008mm (0.0045 0.0003 in)
0 18, with specified test disk

4.7 Track Seek Mechanism

(Table 4.7-1) Track Seek Mechanism
Head position mechanism
Stepping motor
Stepping motor drive
Track 00 detection method
Track to track time
Settling time
Average track seek time

Stepping motor and lead screw

4-phase, 20 steps per revolution
2 steps per track
Photo-interrupter
3ms (excludes settling time, refer to item 8.3.4)
15ms or less (excludes track to track time)
94ms (includes settling time)

4.8 Window Margin and Others

(Table 4.8-1) Window Margin and Others
Window Margin (with specified test disk, MFM method , PLL separator)
2MB mode
300ns or more
1MB mode
600ns or more
Recommendable write pre-compensation
2MB mode
125ns
1MB mode
0 ~ 125ns
Head load mechanism

Not equipped (The FDD becomes head load

condition whenever a disk is installed.)

File protect mechanism

Disk detection mechanism
Disk inserting force
Disk ejecting force
Acoustic noise at 50cm
Disk type descriminating mechanism

Detection of write inhibit hole by switch

Detection of disk installation by switch
6.86N (700g) or less at the center of disk
13.73N (1400g) or less
50dBA or less at 3ms or 4ms seek operation
Detection of HD hole by switch

Auto-recalibration

Automatic recalibration to track 00 is executed

immediately after power-on.

5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
(Table 5-1) Environmental Condition
Operating
4 ~ 51.7C (39 ~ 125F)

Storage
22~60C (8 ~ 140F)

Temperature gradient

20C (36F) or less per

hour

30C (54F) or less per

hour

30C (54F) or less per

hour

Relative humidity

20 ~ 80%
(no condensation) Max.
wet bulb temperature
shall be 29.4C (85F)

5 ~ 90%
(no condensation) Max.
wet bulb temperature
shall be 40C (104F)

5 ~ 95%
(no condensation) Max.
wet bulb temperature
shall be 45C (113F)

Ambient temperature

14.7m/s2 (1.5G) or less

(10 ~ 100Hz, 1 octave/
min sweep rate)
Vibration

Transportation
40 ~ 65C (40 ~
149F)

19.6m/s2 (2G) or less

(10 ~ 100Hz, 1/4 octave/
min sweep rate)

9.8m/s2 (1.0G) or less

(100 ~ 200Hz, 1 octave/
min sweep rate)

4.9m/s2 (0.5G) or less

(200 ~ 600Hz, 1 octave/
min sweep rate)
Write & read: 49m/s2
(5G)(11ms, 1/2 sine
wave) or less

Read only: 98m/s2

(10G)(11ms, 1/2 sine
wave) or less

300m (980feet) ~
5,000m (16,400feet)

686m/s2 (70G)
(11ms, 1/2 sine wave) or
less

Shock

Altitude

Notes: The above requirements are applied for the FDD without shipping box.
When a long period is required for transportation such as by ship, storage
environmental conditions should be applied.

6. RELIABILITY
(Table 6-1) Reliability
MTTF

30,000 power on hours or more (for typical operation duty)

MTTR

When failure, the FDD should be replaced in unit of the drive and
not repaired in unit of parts or assemplies.

Design component life

Disk life

5 years
3 106 passes/track or more

Disk insertion

1.5 104 times or more

Seek operation

1 107random seeks or more

Not required (for typical operation duty)

Preventive maintenance
Soft error

1 or less per 109 bits read

A soft (recoverable) error means that it can be recoverred correcty
within three retries.

Hard error

1 or less per 1012 bits read

A hard (unrecoverable) error means that it cannot be recovered
correstly within three retries. However, it is recommended to be
followed by a recalibration to track 00 and four additional retries.

Seek error

1 or less per 106 seeks

A seek error means that it can seek to a target track within one retry
including a recalibration to track 00.

Error rate

Safety standard

Approved by UL, CSA and TV

Electro-static dischange test

15kV (150pF, 330)

No hard error and/or no component damage occur when the test is
applied to the operator access area (front bezel area).

10

7. POWER INTERFACE
7.1 Required Power
The following specifications are applied at interface connector of the FDD.
(1) DC +12V : Not required
(2) DC +5V
(a) Voltage tolerance :10% (4.5 ~ 5.5V)
(b) Allowable ripple voltage :100mVp-p or less (including spike noise)
(c) Current and power consumption
(Table 7.1-1) Current and power consumption
Operating mode
Stand-by
Read operation
Write operation
Seek operation
Seek operation peak
Spindle motor start

3ms
6ms

Average current
Typ.
Max.
8mA
10mA
0.30A
0.40A
0.30A
0.40A
0.56A
0.66A
0.60A
0.70A
0.9A
1.0A
0.62A
0.70A

Average power
Typ.
Max.
40mW
55mW
1.50W
2.20W
1.50W
2.20W
2.80W
3.63W
3.30W
4.18W
4.50W
5.50W
3.10W
3.85W

Notes:
1. Values of Typ. current and power are specified at 5.0V, while the values of Max. are
at 5.5V (+10%) with a disk of large running torque.
2. Stand-by mode is defined at the stop condition of spindle motor and seek operation.
3. Seek operation peak means the operation during the settling (15ms) after the seek
conpletion.
4. Rush current flows within 150ms after the motor start.
5. Short time peak current except for power-on surge is less than 1.0A.
6. Refer to item 9.4 as to the current consumption profile.

11

7.2 Power Interface Connector and Cable

(1) Power interface connector
(Table 7.2-1) Power interface connector
FDD side connector
Pin numbers

TEKCON, P/N 1603-823-04R-54 or equivalent

4 pins

Protection method for misconnection

Mechanical protection by the shape of connector housing

Connector external view

Connector location
Power interface connections

See Fig. 7.2-1.

See Fig. 3-1.
See Table 7.2-2.

Cable side matched

connector

AMP P/N 171822-4 (natural color) or equivalent

Cable side matched pin

AMP P/N 170204-2 (AWG#20 ~ 26, loose piece) or P/N 170262-2

(AWG#20 ~ 26, strip form) or equivalent

(2) Power interface cable: Any appropriate cables taking the maximum power consumption of the FDD will
be acceptable.
(Table 7.2-2) Power interface pin-assignment
Power voltage
DC +5V
0V
(0V)
(No conection)

Pin numbers
1
2
3
4

12

Power interface connector

Upper side
of the FDD

4 3 2 1

Pin number
PCB

Rear view

4 3 2 1
FDD side

Cable side

Cable
Top view

(Fig. 7.2-1) Power interface connector external view

13

8. SIGNAL INTERFACE
8.1 Signal Interface Connector and Cable
(1) Signal interface connector
(Table 8.1-1) Signal interface Connector
FDD side connector

TEKCON, P/N 1136-0202-34R-3F-00 or equivalent

Pin numbers and pin pitch

2.54mm (0.1 in) pitch, 34-pin block header (17-pin double rows,
even number pins are upper side of the FDD).

Connector external view

Connector location

See Fig. 8.1-1.

See Fig. 3-1

Cable side matched

connector

FUJITSU, P/N FCN-747B034-AU/B (closed end) or -AU/O (daisy

chain) or equivalent.

Note: It is recommanded to use a polarizing type connector with a projection on the center of the
housing to avoid mis-connection. Refer to Fig. 8.1-1.
For such a polarizing connector, mark of the connector housing may show pin No.34.
(2) Signal interface cable Maximum cable length : 2m (6.6 feet), by terminator of 1k or less (For daisy
chain connection, the total cable length should be less
than 2m).
The longer the cable, the smaller the resistor value
should be.

14

Signal interface connector

Upper side
of the FDD
2

34

33

Pin numbers

3P delete
Rear view
Lower side
of the FDD

FDD side
signal interface connector
34

Projection (upper side)

Cable side
signal interface connector

Top view

Side view

(Fig. 8.1-1) Signal interface connector external view

15

8.2 Electrical Charactristics

Vcc means +5V power voltage supplied to the FDD.
8.2.1 FDD side receiver and driver
The specification are applicable at the interface connector of the FDD.
(Table 8.2-1) FDD side receiver and driver
Interface driver/reciver
LOW level (TRUE)
Input signals
LOW level input current
(TTL level)
Electrical
characteristics of
HIGH level (FALSE)
receiver
Terminator resistor value

Electrical
Output signals
characteristics of (Open collector
driver
driver)

See Fig. 8.2-1.

0 ~ 0.7V
5.9mA, Max. (Including terminator
current)
2.2V ~ +5V power voltage
1k 30%
Terminator (pull-up) resistor is
connected to each input.

LOW level (TRUE)

0 ~ 0.4V

Driver sink current

capability

37mA, Max.

HIGH level (FALSE)

Depending on host side terminator

8.2.2 Host side receiver and driver

(Table 8.2-2) Host side receiver and driver
Host side driver
Driver required sink current

TTL, CMOS, etc.

FDD input current Number of daisy chained FDD

Host side receiver

TTL, CMOS, etc.

Terminator is required for each output signal line from the FDD.

Host side terminator resistor value

Usually 1k ~ 2.2k is used. (150 Min.)

16

FDD PCB Assy

Control & R/W LSI
(Bi-CMOS)

Select

DRIVE SELECT
Terminators

5V

Other input signals

Other output signals
Open collector drivers

(Fig. 8.2-1) FDD signal interface circuit

17

8.3 Input/Output Signals

In the following, input signals are those transmitted to the FDD while output signals are those transmitted from
the FDD.
LOW level of the signals is TRUE unless otherwise specified.
Refer to Table 1-2 as to the signal needed in this specification.
8.3.1 DRIVE SELECT input signal
(1) Signal to select a specific FDD for operation in multiplex control.
(2) All the input/output signals except for the MOTOR ON and MODE SELECT are valid after this signal
is made TRUE. The time required to be valid is 0.5sec, Max. including transmission delay time of the
DRIVE SELECT signal through the interface cable.
(3) Refer to item 11.1 as to the turn-on condition of the front bezel indicator.
8.3.2 MOTOR ON input signal
(1) Level signal to rotate the spindle motor.
(2) The spindle motor reaches to the rated rotational speed (300rpm) within 480ms after this signal is made
TRUE.
(3) Refer to item 11.2 as to the rotational condition of the spindle motor.
8.3.3 DIRECTION SELECT input signal
(1) Level signal to define the moving direction of the head when the STEP line is pulsed.
(2) Step-out (moving away from the center of the disk) is defined as HIGH level of this signal. Conversely,
step-in (moving toward the center of the disk) is defined as LOW level of this signal.
(3) The signal shall maintain its level for 0.8s, Min. prior to the trailing edge of the STEP pulse. Refer to
Fig. 9.2-1.
8.3.4 STEP input signal
(1) Negative pulse signal to move the head. The pulse width shall be 0.8s or more and the head moves one
track space per one pulse.
(2) The access motion (head seek operation) is initiated at the trailing edge of the STEP pulse and completes
within 18ms after starting the access including the settling time.
(3) For the subsequent motion in the same direction, the STEP pulses should be input with the interval of
3ms or more, while the pulses should be input with the interval of 4ms or more for a direction change.
Refer to Fig. 9.2-1.
STEP pulses less than 3ms interval for the same direction or less than 4ms interval for a direction change
may cause seek error.
(4) STEP pulses are ignored and the access motion is not initiated when one of the following conditions is
satisfied.
(a) The WRITE PROTECT signal is FALSE and the WRITE GATE signal is TRUE.
(b) The TRACK 00 signal is TRUE and the DIRECTION SELECT signal is HIGH level (step-out).
(c) Step-in operation (DIRECTION SELECT signal is LOW level) from track 81.
8.3.5 WRITE GATE input signal
(1) Level signal to erase the written data and to enable the writing of new data.
(2) The FDD is set to write mode when the following logical expression is satisfied.
WRITE GATE * DRIVE SELECT * WRITE PROTECT
(3) This signal shall be made TRUE after satisfying all of the following conditions.
(a) 18ms has been passed after the effective receival of the final STEP pulse.

18

(b) 100s has been passed after the level change of the SIDE ONE SELECT signal.
(4) The following operations should not be done at least 650s after this signal is changed to FALSE.
(a) Make the MOTOR ON signal FALSE.
(b) Start the head seek operation by the STEP pulse.
(c) Make the DRIVE SELECT signal FALSE.
(d) Change the level of the SIDE ONE SELECT signal.
8.3.6 WRITE DATA input signal
(1) Negative pulse signal to designate the contents of data to be written on a disk. The pulse width should
be 0.1s through 1.1s and the leading edge of the pulse is used.
(2) WRITE DATA pulses are ignored while either of the following conditions is satisfied.
(a) The WRITE GATE signal is FALSE.
(b) The WRITE PROTECT signal is TRUE.
(3) This signal should be input according to the timing in Fig. 8.3-2.
It is recommended to stop the input of the WRITE DATA pulses during the read operation in order to
avoid harmful cross talk.
8.3.7 SIDE ONE SELECT input signal
(1) Level signal to designate which side of a double sided disk is used for reading or writing.
(2) When this signal is HIGH level, the magnetic head on the side 0 surface (lower side) of the disk is
selected, while the magnetic head on the side 1 surface (upper side) is selected when this signal is LOW
level.
(3) The READ DATA pulse on a selected surface is valid more than 100s after the change of this signal
level.
(4) Write operation (the WRITE GATE signal is TRUE) on a selected surface shall be started more than
100s after the change of this signal level.
8.3.8 TRACK 00 output signal
(1) Level signal to indicate that the head is on track 00.
(2) This signal is valid more than 2.8ms, after the effective receival of the STEP pulse.
8.3.9 INDEX output signal
(1) Negative pulse signal to indicate the start point of a track and one index pulse per one disk revolution is
output.
(2) INDEX pulse is output when the following logical expression is satisfied.
Index detection * DRIVE SELECT * Ready state * Seek-complete
Notes: (a) Ready state:
The FDD is powered on.
A disk is installed.
Auto-chucking completed.
A motor-on command is TRUE and 505ms, approx. has been passed.
An INDEX pulse has been detected after motor-on command.
(b) Seek-complete means the state that 15.8 ~ 17.9ms has been passed after the trailing edge of the
final STEP pulse.
(3) Fig. 8.3-1 shows the timing of this signal. Leading edge of the pulse shall be used as the reference and
pulse width is 1.5ms through 5ms.
8.3.10 READ DATA output signal
(1) Negative pulse signal for the read data from a disk composing clock bits and data bits together.
19

(2) Fig. 8.3-3 shows the timing of this signal. Pulse width is 0.15s through 0.8s and the leading edge of
the pulse shall be used as the reference.
(3) READ DATA pulse is output when the following logical expression is satisfied.
Read data detection * DRIVE SELECT * Write operation * Ready state * Seek-complete
Notes: (a) Refer to item 8.3.9 as to the ready state.
(b) Write operation is the state while the WRITE GATE input signal is FALSE and erase delay time
has been passed after the WRITE GATE signal changed to FALSE.
(c) Refer to item 8.3.9 as to the seek-complete.
(4) Output pulse is valid while all of the following conditions are satisfied.
(a) 18ms has been passed after the effective receival of the final STEP pulse.
(b) 100s has been passed after the level change of the SIDE ONE SELECT signal.
(c) 650s (2MB mode) or 690s (1MB mode) has been passed after the WRITE GATE signal is changed
to FALSE.
8.3.11 WRITE PROTECT output signal
(1) Level signal to indicate that the write inhibit hole of an installed disk is open.
(2) When this signal is TRUE, data on the disk are protected from miserasing and write operation is inhibited.
8.3.12 DISK CHANGE output signal
(1) Level signal to indicate that a disk in the FDD is ejected.
(2) This signal changes to TRUE when either of the following conditions is satisfied.
(a) Power on.
(b) A disk is removed.
(3) The signal returns to FALSE when both of the following conditions are satisfied. Refer to Fig.8.3-4.
(a) A disk has been installed.
(b) A STEP command is received when the DRIVE SELECT signal is TRUE.
8.3.13 Input/Output signals for density mode setting (HD OUT)
Every FDD model, there are any basic methods for setting the density mode of the FDD as shown in the
following.
Use the applicable method for the FDD in contents shown below.
(1) Method A without using any interface signal (OPEN)
(a) Interface signal is not used between the FDD and host-controller.
Density mode of the FDD and host system are determined independently.
(b) Density mode of the FDD is automatically set by discriminating the HD hole of an installed disk. If the
density mode of the FDD is not coincident with that of the host controller, data errors always occur at
read operation.
(2) Methord B using HD OUT output signal
(a) Density mode of the FDD is automatically set by discriminating the HD hole of an installed disk.
(b) HIGH or LOW level of the HD OUT signal from the FDD is used to inform host controller whitch type
of disk is installed in the FDD. And the density mode of the host is automatically determined according
to this signal.
(c) Table 8.3.13-1 shows the meaning of the logic level.

20

(Table 8.3.13-1) Meaning of the logic level

Signal name
HD OUT

Logic level LOW LEVEL at HIGH DENSITY

HIGH
2DD disk
LOW
2HD disk

8.3.14 NO CONNECTION (NC)

The NC pins are electrically isolated from any other circuit in the FDD.
8.3.15 Treatment of not-used signals
If some of the provided input/output signals are not necessary for your application, keep the unused signal lines
open or pull up by an appropriate resistor value (refer to item 8.2.2) at the host side.
1.5 ~ 5ms
INDEX
197 ~ 203ms (300rpm)

(Fig. 8.3-1) INDEX timing

~ ~

WRITE DATA

WRITE GATE

Magnetization
on disk
0.1 ~ 1.1s
8s
* : 0.5%

Max.

Density mode
2MB mode
1MB mode

2F
t1
*
rpm
300
300

4/3F
t2
*

4/3F
t2
*

t1
2s, Nom.
4s, Nom.

1F
t3

8s
Max.

*
t2
3s, Nom.
6s, Nom.

t3
4s, Nom.
8s, Nom.

(Fig. 8.3-2) WRITE DATA timing (MFM method)

21

Magnetization
on disk
1

READ DATA
0.15 ~ 0.8s
2F
t4

Density mode
2MB mode
1MB mode

rpm
300
300

4/3F
t5

4/3F
t5

1F
t6

t4
2s, Nom.
4s, Nom.

t5
3s, Nom.
6s, Nom.

t6
4s, Nom.
8s, Nom.

t7
350ns
700ns

(Fig. 8.3-3) READ DATA timing (MFM method)

Power on

Disk eject

Disk install

Installed

Installed
Ejected

Disk installation
STEP
DISK CHANGE

1s, Max.
1s, Max.

Note: To simplify the timing chart, the DRIVE SELECT signal is assumed always TRUE in
the above figure.
(Fig. 8.3-4) DISK CHANGE signal timing

22

9. CONTROL SEQUENCE
9.1 Power-on
(1) Protection against power on and off
(a) In the transient period when the +5V power is lower than 3.5V, the FDD is protected against miswriting
and miserasing whatever the state of input signals are.
(b) Except for the condition of item (a), the FDD is protected against miswriting and miserasing as long as
the WRITE GATE input signal does not change to TRUE.
(2) Power reset time in FDD.
Less than 400ms, including auto-recalibration

+5V power

3.5 ~ 4.4V

Valid interface
signals

Valid
Power resetting
400ms, Max. with auto-recalibration

Internal miswrite
protection

(Fig. 9.1-1) Power on sequence

23

9.2 Seek Operation

Seek operation can be done independently of the spindle motor rotation.
t1

t1

t1

~ ~

t1

DRIVE SELECT

Step-out

Step-in

DIRECTION SELECT
STEP
t1

t1

t2

t1

t1

t1
4ms, Min.

3ms
Min.

650s
Min.

3ms
Min.

~ ~

WRITE GATE
TRACK 00
2.8ms, Max.
t1 0.8s

t2 2s

(Fig. 9.2-1) Seek operation timing

24

1s, Max.

9.3 Read Write Operation

(650s, Min.)
MOTOR ON
(650s, Min.)
DRIVE SELECT
500ms, Max.

0.3ms, Max.

READY
Valid
INDEX
15.8~17.9ms (Seek-complete)
STEP
650s, Min.

3ms, Min.
WRITE GATE
8s, Max.

8s, Max.

WRITE DATA
18ms, Min.
0, Min.
0, Min.
100s, Min.

(650s,Min.)
650s, Max. (2MB mode)
690s, Max. (1MB mode)

SIDE ONE SELECT

100s, Max.

100s, Max.

READ DATA
Valid

Valid

Valid

15.8~17.9ms (Seek-complete)
Other input signals

Valid

Other output signals

Valid
0.5s, Max.

(Fig. 9.3-1) Read/Write operation timing

25

Valid

9.4 Current Consumption Profile

+5V typical average current

mA
High current
(350ms, Max.)

800

15ms
from the last step

600
400
200
0
Initial reset
Auto-recalibration
Stand
-by

FDD status

Power
on

Stand
-by

Read Seek Read Write Read

Stand-by
Drive
selected

Motor start
Auto-chucking

Disk
installation

Motor-on
command
DRIVE SELECT
STEP
Spindle
motor power

Start rush
0

Steppin
motor power

0
on

Read write
amp. power

off
on
off

Logic power

(Fig. 9.4-1) Typical average current profile

26

(1) Stand-by mode

When both of the following conditions are satisfied, FDD goes to the stand-by mode (low power consumption mode).
(a) The spindle motor stops.
(b) Not in the seek operation (including the settling time).
Note: In the stand-by mode, the FDD can immediately respond to a command from host controller with no
restriction.
If the polling operation of the DRIVE SELECT line is done in the stand-by mode, current flows
intermittently and +5V current slightly increases.
(2) Simultaneous operation of motor start and seek
If a seek operation is done during the start-up of the spindle motor, or if the motor starts during the seek
operation, +5V current at motor start increases by 0.55A, Max. from the value in Table 7.1-1.
Stepping motor is energized at high power from the first STEP to 15msec after the last STEP.
(3) +5V current increases for 15ms after a lapse of 500ms by engergizing of the motor.

27

10. FRAME GROUNDING

The FDD frame is electrically connected to DC 0V by the mounting screw of the main PCBA. (See Fig. 10-1).
FDD
Main PCBA

Interface connector (0V)

FG

Frame ground tapped hole

(M2.6)

PCBA mounting screw

(Fig. 10-1) Frame ground tapped hole

11. TURN ON CONDITION OF INDICATOR AND SPINDLE MOTOR

11.1 Front Indicator
The indicator (LED) turns on while the DRIVE SELECT signal is TRUE. However, the indicator keeps off
until 3.1ms has passed after the DRIVE SELECTion to avoid the polling operation of the DRIVE SELECT
signal.
11.2 Spindle Motor
(1) The spindle motor rotates while the MOTOR ON signal is TRUE. While no disk is installed, the spindle
motor does not rotate at any condition.
(2) Auto-chucking operation is executed at each disk installation by rotating the spindle motor for 490ms,
approx. (500ms, Max.). All the interface signals are valid according to the explanation in item 8.3 while
the auto-chucking operation is in progress.

28