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Comparision of Direct-on-line (DOL) and Star-delta
Motor Starting
Motor starting methods //
Direct-on-line (DOL) starting
Advantages
Drawbacks
Star-delta starting
Advantages
Drawbacks
Comparision of DOL and Star-delta starting
Direct-on-line starting (DOL)
As the name suggests, direct-on-line starting means that the motor is started by
connecting it directly to the supply at rated voltage. Direct-on-line starting, (DOL), is
suitable for stable supplies and mechanically stiff and well-dimensioned shaft systems
and pumps qualify as examples of such systems.
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Where:
K1 Main contactor
MV1 Overload relay
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Advantages of DOL
DOL starting is the simplest, cheapest and most common starting method.
Furthermore it actually gives the lowest temperature rise within the motor during start up
of all the starting methods.
It is the obvious choice wherever the supply authoritys current limiting
restrictions allow for its use.
Power plants may have varying rules and regulations in different countries. For example:
Three-phase motors with locked-rotor currents above 60 A must not use direct-on-line
starting in Denmark. In such cases, it will obviously be necessary to select another
starting method.
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Motors that start and stop frequently often have some kind of control system, which
consist of a contactor and overload protection such as a thermal relay.
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Drawbacks of DOL
Small motors which do not start and stop frequently need only very simple starting
equipment, often in the form of a hand-operated motor protection circuit breaker.
Full voltage is switched directly onto the motor terminals. For small motors, the starting
torque will be 150% to 300% of the full-load value, while the starting current will be 300%
to 800% of the full-load current or even higher.
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Star-delta starting
The objective of this starting method, which is used with three-phase induction motors, is
to reduce the starting current.
In starting position, current supply to the stator windings is connected in star (Y) for
starting. In the running position, current supply is reconnected to the windings in delta
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() once the motor has gained speed.
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Advantages of Y-
Normally, low-voltage motors over 3 kW will
be dimensioned to run at either 400 V in
delta () connection or at 690 V in star (Y)
connection. The flexibility provided by this
design can also be used to start the motor
with a lower voltage. Star-delta connections
give a low starting current of only about one
third of
that
found
with
directon-line
starting.
Star-delta
starters
are
particularly suited for high inertias, where the load are initiated after full load speed.
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Drawbacks of of Y-
But they also reduce the starting torque to about 33%. The motor is started in
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Y-connection and accelerated and switched to
the star-delta connection. This method can
only be used with induction motors that are
delta connected to the supply voltage.
If the changeover from star to delta takes place at too low a speed, this can
cause a current surge which rises almost as high as the corresponding DOL
value. During the even small period of switch over from start to delta
connection the motor looses speed very rapidly, which also calls for higher
current pulse after connection to delta.
The two illustrations to the right show two features which should be taken into
consideration when using star-delta starting. The starter first connects the motor in star
(contactor K1 and K3). After a time period which depends on individual needs it
connects the motor in delta contactor K3 open and contactor K2 close.
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Starting torque and current are considerably lower at star-delta starting than at directon-line starting: one third of the equivalent DOL value.
Mismatching of motor torque speed curve and load torque speed curve. In the example
shown here, the motor would slowly accelerate up to approximately 50 per cent rated
speed.
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Comparision of DOL and Star-delta starting
The following graphs illustrate currents for a Grundfos CR pump started with a
Grundfos MG 7.5 kW motor by means of DOL and star-delta starting, respectively. As
you will see, the DOL starting method features a very high locked-rotor current which
eventually flattens and becomes constant.
The star-delta starting method features a lower locked-rotor current, but peaks during
the starting process as the changeover from star to delta is made.
When starting in star (t = 0.3 s), the current is reduced.
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However, when switching over from star to delta (at t = 1 .7 s), the current pulse
reaches the same level as the locked-rotor current seen with direct-on-line starting. The
current pulse can even get higher, because the motor during the switching period is
un-powered which means it reduce speed before the full voltage (delta voltage) are
supplied.
Go back to Methods
Reference // The Motor Book Grundfos (Download)
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About Author //
Edvard Csanyi
Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP.
Highly specialized for design of LV high power busbar trunking
(<6300A) in power substations, buildings and industry fascilities.
Designing of LV/MV switchgears.Professional in AutoCAD
programming and web-design.Present on Google+
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