Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
Properties of a Circle
Radius
Major Segment
Diameter
Chord
Minor Segment
Tangent
Concyclic points form a Cyclic Quadrilateral
Sector
Arc
Tangents Externally and Internally
Concentric circles
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
Circle Theorems
! Equal arcs subtend equal angels at the
centre of the circle.
! If two arcs subtend equal angles at the
centre of the circle, then the arcs are
equal.
l = r
! Equal chords subtend equal angles at the
centre of the circle.
||
! Equal angles subtended at the centre of
the circle cut off equal chords.
||
||
S OB = OC (radius of circle)
A BOA = COD (vert. opp. Angles)
S OA = OD (radius of circle)
BOA COD (SAS)
AB = DC (corresponding sides in ' s )
||
C
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! A perpendicular line from the centre of a
circle to a chord bisects the chord.
! A line from the centre of a circle that
bisects a chord is perpendicular to the
chord.
O
R OMB = OMA (straight line)
H OB = OA (radius of circle)
S OM = MO (common)
AOM BOM (RHS)
AM = BM (corresponding sides in ' s )
O
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! Equal chords are equidistant from the
centre of the circle.
! Chords that are equidistant from the
centre are equal.
||
R ANO = BMO = 90 (A line from the
centre of a circle that bisects a chord is
perpendicular to the chord)
H AO = BO (Radius of Circle)
S NO = MO (given)
ANO BMO (RHS)
||
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! The products of intercepts of intersecting
chords are equal
Internally
A
AX.XB = CX.XD
C
X
Prove AXD ||| CXD
C
X
A AXD = CXB (vertically opp)
A XAD = XCB (Angle standing on the
same arc)
A XDA = XBC (Angle sum of triangle)
Correspond sides
AX CX
=
XD XB
AX . XB = CX . XD
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! The square of the length of the tangent
from an external point is equal to the
product of the intercepts of the secant
passing through this point.
Externally
(AX)2 = BX.CX
A
Externally
Prove ACX ||| BAX
A AXC = BXA (common)
A XAC = XBA (Angle in alternate
segment)
A ACX = BAX (Angle sum of triangle)
Correspond sides
AX BX
=
CX
AX
( AX ) 2 = BX .CX
B
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! The angle at the centre of a circle is twice
the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same arc.
Let CAO =
Let BAO =
AO = CO = BO (radius of circle)
ACO = (base angles of isosceles )
ABO = (base angles of isosceles )
COD = 2 (exterior angle = two opposite
interior angles)
BOD = 2 (exterior angle = two opposite
interior angles)
CAB = +
COD = 2(a + )
! Angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
180
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! Angles standing on the same arc are
equal.
Prove AXD ||| CXD
A AXD = CXB (vertically opp)
A XAD = XCB (Angle standing on the
same arc)
A XDA = XBC (Angle sum of triangle)
C
Corresponding angles of similar triangles are
equal
X
D
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! Tangents to a circle from an exterior
point are equal.
Prove OAC OBC
R OAC = OBC (90`)
H OC = OC (common)
S OA = )B (radii)
OAC OBC
B
||
RHS
AC = BC (corresponding sides in
congruent triangles)
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! When two circles touch, the line through
their centres passes through their point of
contact.
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! The angle between a tangent and a chord
through the point of contact is equal to
the angle in the alternate segment.
Let XAB =
Let BAQ =
+ = 90 `
B
C
AXB = (angle in semicircle is 90`,
complementary angle)
ACB = AXB (angle on the same arc)
ACB = BAQ
A
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Maths Extension 1 Circle Geometry
! The opposite angles in a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary.
! If the opposite angles of a quadrilateral
are supplementary, then the quadrilateral
is cyclic.
180 B
180
C
! The exterior angle of s cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to the interior
opposite angle.
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