AR No.

#
Boiler Tune

Recommendation

Implement a boiler tuning program to maintain an optimum air-fuel ratio, improving combustion efficiency and lowering
Tuning your boiler(s) will reduce associated fuel consumption by 3.2%.

Energy
(MMBtu)*
236.0

Assessment Recommendation Summary

Energy
Cost
Implementation
(therm)*
Savings
Cost
2,359.6
$2,539
$1,000

Payback
(Years)
0.4

* 1 MMBtu = 1,000,000 Btu, 1 therm = 100,000 Btu

Background

Ideally, a boiler would use just enough combustion air to burn all of the fuel, with no excess air. Excess air carries heat
and reduces boiler efficiency. However, all burners require some excess air to ensure complete combustion. We assume
can operate your boiler with 4.0% excess oxygen (O2). Depending on the boiler and control strategy it could be possible
excess oxygen below 4.0% for additional savings, although care must be taken to ensure combustibles (unburned fuel) a
monoxide (CO) concentrations do not rise to unacceptable levels.

Efficiency can also be improved by cleaning scale from the waterside heat transfer surfaces. Scale deposits occur when
magnesium, and silica, form a layer of material on the boiler heat exchanger surfaces. By removing the scale, heat trans
improve, lowering stack temperatures.

We measured combustion gas temperatures and composition at several firing rates in order to establish an accurate mode
operation. With the combustion gas analysis, we used the ASME indirect method to calculate combustion efficiency for
boiler(s) at each firing rate. We then used the operating hours that plant personnel provided to calculate annual fuel use
boiler(s). We verified the information that we measured, obtained from plant personnel, or assumed through boiler reco
to the extent possible. Finally, we compared the calculated boiler fuel use with your fuel bills to verify the model is cons
your operation.

AR No. #
Boiler Tune

m air-fuel ratio, improving combustion efficiency and lowering fuel use.

ption by 3.2%.

burn all of the fuel, with no excess air. Excess air carries heat up the stack
re some excess air to ensure complete combustion. We assume that you
epending on the boiler and control strategy it could be possible to reduce
gh care must be taken to ensure combustibles (unburned fuel) and carbon
e levels.

e waterside heat transfer surfaces. Scale deposits occur when calcium,

ler heat exchanger surfaces. By removing the scale, heat transfer will

on at several firing rates in order to establish an accurate model for boiler

ASME indirect method to calculate combustion efficiency for your
ours that plant personnel provided to calculate annual fuel use for your
obtained from plant personnel, or assumed through boiler records or logs
d boiler fuel use with your fuel bills to verify the model is consistent with

Proposal

We recommend you have a boiler specialist tune your boiler to 4.0% exhaust O2 and clean your boiler water side heat ex
surfaces to increase combustion efficiency . We suggest this be done immediately and then once every year after. We es
boiler tune will cost $500 per boiler. Annual savings after deducting the annual cost to tune your boiler will be $2,539, p
the initial implementation cost of the first tuning in 0.4 years.

Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/anguskirk/

er to 4.0% exhaust O2 and clean your boiler water side heat exchanger
his be done immediately and then once every year after. We estimate a
r deducting the annual cost to tune your boiler will be $2,539, paying for
ars.

Boiler Tune
Energy Savings Summary
Total Current Energy Use
Total Proposed Energy Use
Energy Savings

(CE)
(PE)
(ES)

7,269.0 MMBtu
7,033.0 MMBtu
236.0 MMBtu

(Rf. 1)
(Rf. 1)
(Eq. 1)

Implementation Cost Summary

Labor Costs
Number of Boilers to Tune
Labor Cost per Boiler

Economic Results
Cost Savings
Implementation Costs
Payback

(B)
(L)

(CS)
(IC)
(PB)

2
$500

$2,539
$1,000
0.4 years

(N. 1)

(Eq. 2)
(Eq. 3)

Notes
N. 1) The boiler should be tuned immediately, and then once every year to maintain optimum efficiency.

Equations
Eq. 1) Annual Energy Savings (ES)

CE

PE

Eq. 2) Cost Savings (CS)

ES EC B L
Eq. 3) Implementation Costs (IC)

B L

References
Rf. 1) Savings were calculated using the Boiler
Worksheet found on the following pages.

Boiler Tune
Efficiency Summary
Current
Boiler 1
Boiler 2

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

Low

71.4%
78.3%
-

68.0%
-

60.8%
-

18.1%
-

73.3%
81.1%
-

70.0%
-

62.7%
-

Total

Energy Savings Summary

Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

Low

Units

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

Boiler 1
Boiler 2

1,000.0
5,000.0
-

19.0
-

974.7
4,829.7
-

Total

750.0
500.0
7,269.0

728.2
484.8
7,033.0

Cost Savings Summary

Current
High

Boiler 1
Boiler 2

Total

$15,000
$75,000
-

Medium

Proposed
Low

$11,250
$7,500
$109,035

Standby

High

$285
-

$14,621
$72,446
-

Medium

Low

$10,923
$7,272
$105,496

iciency Summary
Proposed
Standby

22.0%
-

Percent
Savings
2.9%
3.4%
3.2%

y Savings Summary
Proposed
Standby

Total
Savings

(MMBtu)

(MMBtu)

15.6
-

65.7
170.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
236.0

7,033.0

Savings Summary
Proposed
Standby

$234
$105,496

Total
Savings
$985
$2,554
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$3,539

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

On-Off
5.10 minutes
30 seconds

Inlet Air Temperature

Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

80 oF
75%
0.01 lbv/lb air

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Water Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

10 psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

100 psig
3.89 ft3/lb
880.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

100 psig
3.89 ft3/lb
880.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

Propane
81.80% C
18.20% H
0.00% O2
0.00%
44.0 g/mol
5.00% O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh
Off Cycle

806.9
5.10 minutes

Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
1.00
1,000

75%
0.75
1,000

50%
0.50
1,000

19%
0.19
100

100%
1.00
1,000

75%
0.75
1,000

1,000.0

750.0

500.0

19.0

974.7

728.2

10.0%
8.5%
8 ppm

9.0%
8.0%
8 ppm

8.0%
7.5%
8 ppm

7.0%
6.0%
9 ppm

4.0%
11.2%
8 ppm

4.0%
11.2%
8 ppm

350.0 F
270.0 F

325.0 F
245.0 F

300.0 F
220.0 F

300.0 F
220.0 F

350.0 F
270.0 F

325.0 F
245.0 F

0.7691
15.9230

0.5768
11.5515

0.3846
7.4589

0.1461
2.7487

0.7691
13.2817

0.5768
9.9613

7.13%
8.77%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.12%
82.98%
11.53%
71.4%

6.85%
8.69%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.07%
83.39%
15.38%
68.0%

6.54%
8.60%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.03%
83.83%
23.07%
60.8%

8.09%
8.60%
0.00%
0.01%
0.00%
0.99%
82.31%
60.71%
3.49%
18.1%

5.47%
8.77%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.93%
84.83%
11.53%
73.3%

4.96%
8.69%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.92%
85.43%
15.38%
70.0%

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
Boiler 1
3,100 hours
1 MMBtu/hr
20%

viromental Data
50 oF
14.7 psia
0 feet

Steam System
6 ft3

nt Steam Properties
338 oF
309.0 btu/lbm
1,189.0 btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
338 oF
309.0 btu/lbm
1,189.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
$15.00 /MMBtu
0.00% S
0.00% N2
0.00%
21,670 btu/lbm
4.00% O2

Boiler Cycling
4.84 minutes
0.25 minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

50%
0.50
1,000

19%
0.19
100

484.8

15.6

5.0%
10.5%
8 ppm

5.0%
10.5%
9 ppm

300.0 F
220.0 F

300.0 F
220.0 F

0.3846
6.8257

0.1461
2.5938

4.72%
8.60%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.94%
85.73%
23.07%
62.7%

4.72%
8.60%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.94%
85.73%
60.71%
3.01%
22.0%

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

Full Modulating
0.97 minutes
30 seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

80 oF
75%
0.01 lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

10 psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

100 psig
3.89 ft3/lb
880.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

100 psig
3.89 ft3/lb
880.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

Propane
81.80% C
18.20% H
0.00% O2
0.00%
44.0 g/mol
5.00% O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

DPVh
Off Cycle

4,034.6
0.97 minutes

Boiler Cycling
Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
5.00
1,000

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
5.00
1,000

70%
0

5,000.0

4,829.7

10.0%
7.5%
5 ppm

4.0%
11.2%
5 ppm

350.0 F
270.0 F

350.0 F
270.0 F

3.8456
79.6152

3.8456
66.4086

8.04%
8.77%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
1.12%
82.07%
3.73%
78.3%

5.47%
8.77%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.93%
84.83%
3.73%
81.1%

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
Boiler 2
1,000 hours
5 MMBtu/hr
20%

viromental Data
50 oF
14.7 psia
0 feet

Steam System
30 ft3

nt Steam Properties
338 oF
309.0 btu/lbm
1,189.0 btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
338 oF
309.0 btu/lbm
1,189.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
$15.00 /MMBtu
0.00% S
0.00% N2
0.00%
21,670 btu/lbm
4.00% O2

Boiler Cycling
0.48 minutes
0.48 minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

#DIV/0! minutes
30 seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

80 oF
75%
0.01 lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

10 psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

100 psig
3.89 ft3/lb
880.0 btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

100 psig
3.89 ft3/lb
880.0 btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

#N/A C
#N/A H
#N/A O2
#N/A
#N/A g/mol
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
DPVh
Off Cycle

0.0
#DIV/0! minutes

Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
0

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
0

70%
0

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
0 hours
MMBtu/hr

20%

viromental Data
50 oF
14.7 psia
0 feet

Steam System
0 ft3

nt Steam Properties
338 oF
309.0 btu/lbm
1,189.0 btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
338 oF
309.0 btu/lbm
1,189.0 btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
/MMBtu

#N/A S
#N/A N2
#N/A
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
#DIV/0! minutes
#DIV/0! minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

#N/A minutes
seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

#N/A C
#N/A H
#N/A O2
#N/A
#N/A g/mol
#N/A O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

DPVh
Off Cycle

#N/A
#N/A minutes

Boiler Cycling
Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
0

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
0

70%
0

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
0 hours
MMBtu/hr

viromental Data
F
14.7 psia
feet
o

Steam System
0 ft3

nt Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
/MMBtu

#N/A S
#N/A N2
#N/A
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
#N/A minutes
#N/A minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

#N/A minutes
seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

#N/A C
#N/A H
#N/A O2
#N/A
#N/A g/mol
#N/A O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

DPVh
Off Cycle

#N/A
#N/A minutes

Boiler Cycling
Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
0

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
0

70%
0

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
0 hours
MMBtu/hr

viromental Data
F
14.7 psia
feet
o

Steam System
0 ft3

nt Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
/MMBtu

#N/A S
#N/A N2
#N/A
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
#N/A minutes
#N/A minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

#N/A minutes
seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

#N/A C
#N/A H
#N/A O2
#N/A
#N/A g/mol
#N/A O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

DPVh
Off Cycle

#N/A
#N/A minutes

Boiler Cycling
Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
0

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
0

70%
0

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
0 hours
MMBtu/hr

viromental Data
F
14.7 psia
feet
o

Steam System
0 ft3

nt Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
/MMBtu

#N/A S
#N/A N2
#N/A
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
#N/A minutes
#N/A minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

#N/A minutes
seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

#N/A C
#N/A H
#N/A O2
#N/A
#N/A g/mol
#N/A O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

DPVh
Off Cycle

#N/A
#N/A minutes

Boiler Cycling
Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
0

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
0

70%
0

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
0 hours
MMBtu/hr

viromental Data
F
14.7 psia
feet
o

Steam System
0 ft3

nt Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
/MMBtu

#N/A S
#N/A N2
#N/A
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
#N/A minutes
#N/A minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Boiler Tune
Boiler Information
Manufacturer
Control Type
Standby Cycle Time
Purge Cycle Time

#N/A minutes
seconds

Location
Operating Hours
Maximum Firing Rate
Minimum Firing Rate

Enviromental Data
Inlet Air Temperature
Purge Air Temperature
Air Humidity Ratio

lbv/lb air

Inlet Water Temperature

Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation

Steam System
Pressure Range
Steam Gas Constant

psi
0.1103 btu/(lbm-R)

Steam System Volume

Current Steam Properties

Current Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Current Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Proposed Steam Properties

Proposed Steam Pressure
Saturated Vapor Specific Volume
Evaporated Enthalpy

psig
#N/A ft3/lb

#N/A btu/lbm

Proposed Steam Temperature

Saturated Liquid Enthalpy
Saturated Vapor Enthalpy

Fuel Properties
Fuel Type
Percent Carbon
Percent Hydrogen
Percent Oxygen
Moisture Content
Molecular Weight
Low/Standby Fire Proposed O2

#N/A C
#N/A H
#N/A O2
#N/A
#N/A g/mol
#N/A O2

Fuel Cost
Percent Sulfur
Percent Nitrogen
Percent Ash
Higher Heating Value
High/Medium Fire Proposed O2

DPVh
Off Cycle

#N/A
#N/A minutes

Boiler Cycling
Run Cycle
Total Cycle

Boiler Tune
Boiler Efficiency
Current

Proposed

High

Medium

Low

Standby

High

Medium

100%
0

70%
0

40%
0

10%
0

100%
0

70%
0

Energy Use
Percent Capacity
Fuel Input (MMBtu/hr)
Operating Hours
Energy Use (MMBtu/yr)

Stack Conditions
O2
CO2
CO
Stack Temperature
Net Stack Temperature

Mass Flow Rates

Fuel Flow Rate (lbm/min)
Air Flow Rate (lbm/min)

Efficiencies
Dry Gas Losses
Moisture Formation
Moisture in Fuel
Carbon Monoxide
Losses Due to Ash
Moisture in the Air
Combustion Efficiency
Thermal Losses
Cycling Losses
Boiler Efficiency

Notes

We calculate combustion efficiencies from the combustion gas conditions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We the
efficiencies including radiation, convection and cycling losses. For more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses ar
the Boiler Appendix.

iler Information
0 hours
MMBtu/hr

viromental Data
F
14.7 psia
feet
o

Steam System
0 ft3

nt Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

ed Steam Properties
#N/A oF
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A btu/lbm

Fuel Properties
/MMBtu

#N/A S
#N/A N2
#N/A
#N/A btu/lbm
#N/A O2

Boiler Cycling
#N/A minutes
#N/A minutes

oiler Efficiency
Proposed
Low

Standby

40%
0

10%
0

itions we measured using the ASME indirect method. We then calculate boiler
more detailed information regarding how efficiency losses are calculated, refer to

Wood

Fuel Type

Fuel Properties Summary

Units
Coal
Natural Gas
Fuel Oil 2
Fuel Oil 6
Propane
Bio-Diesel

Wood

N2

(%)
94.65%
71.01%
86.03%
87.40%
81.80%
86.03%

(%)
0.03%
0.00%
2.00%
1.40%
0.00%
2.00%

(%)
5.27%
23.66%
12.42%
9.99%
18.20%
12.42%

(%)
0.03%
3.82%
0.10%
0.92%
0.00%
0.10%

52.30%

0.00%

6.30%

0.10%

Wood Species

Douglas Fir Wood

Wood Properties Summary

C

N2

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

Douglas Fir Wood

52.30%

0.00%

6.30%

0.10%

Douglas Fir Bark

Western Hemlock Wood
Western Hemlock Bark
Lodgepole Pine
Lodgepole Pine Bark
Ponderosa Pine
Ponderosa Pine Bark
Redwood
Redwood Bark
Western Red Cedar
Western Red Cedar Bark
Port Orford Cedar
Port Orford Cedar Bark
Red Alder
Red Alder Bark
Oregon Ash
Oregon Ash Bark
Bigleaf Maple
Bigleaf Maple Bark
Oregon White Oak
Oregon White Oak Bark
Generic Softwood
Generic Softwood Bark
Generic Hardwood

56.20%
50.40%
53.00%
52.90%
55.00%
52.90%
53.10%
53.50%
51.90%
52.90%
53.10%
52.90%
53.10%
50.80%
51.20%
50.80%
51.20%
50.80%
51.20%
50.80%
51.20%
52.90%
53.10%
50.80%

0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%

6.20%
5.80%
6.20%
6.30%
5.80%
6.30%
5.90%
5.90%
5.10%
6.30%
5.90%
6.30%
5.90%
6.40%
6.00%
6.40%
6.00%
6.40%
6.00%
6.40%
6.00%
6.30%
5.90%
6.40%

0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
0.20%
0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
0.20%
0.10%
0.20%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.10%
0.20%
0.40%

Units

Generic Hardwood Bark

51.20%
0.00%
Generic Wood
37.50%
0.00%
Taken from: Research Bulletin 60, OSU Forest Research Lab, 9/87.

6.00%
7.18%

0.40%
0.01%

Fuel Properties Summary

Molecular
Weight

Proposed O2

O2

Ash

MC

HHV

(%)
0.06%
1.15%
0.00%
0.28%
0.00%
0.00%

(%)
0.00%
0.00%
0.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.10%

(%)
0.00%
0.00%
0.50%
0.00%
0.00%
0.50%

(Btu/lb)
14,203
21,869
18,800
18,300
21,670
18,800

483.4
16.7
208.0
338.0
44.0
208.0

High
(%)
4.5%
4.0%
4.0%
4.0%
4.0%
4.0%

40.50%

0.80%

33.00%

8,600

26.0

8.0%

Actual Wood Moisture Content (Wet Basis)

50.0%

roperties Summary
O2

Ash

MC

HHV

(%)

(%)

(%)

(Btu/lb)

40.50%

0.80%

33.00%

8,600

37.30%
41.40%
39.30%
39.70%
38.60%
39.70%
37.90%
40.30%
42.40%
39.70%
37.90%
39.70%
37.90%
41.80%
37.90%
41.80%
37.90%
41.80%
37.90%
41.80%
37.90%
39.70%
37.90%
41.80%

0.20%
2.20%
1.50%
1.00%
0.80%
1.00%
2.90%
0.20%
0.50%
1.00%
2.90%
1.00%
2.90%
0.60%
4.50%
0.60%
4.50%
0.60%
4.50%
0.60%
4.50%
1.00%
2.90%
0.60%

33.00%
44.00%
41.00%
36.00%
50.00%
52.00%
23.00%
55.00%
12.00%
33.00%
32.00%
30.00%
25.00%
50.00%
45.00%
32.00%
32.00%
38.00%
38.00%
41.00%
41.00%
50.00%
40.00%
50.00%

10,000
8,500
9,400
8,600
10,000
9,100
9,500
9,000
8,350
9,000
8,850
9,000
9,000
8,000
8,600
8,200
8,200
8,250
8,300
8,110
8,110
9,000
9,100
9,000

Percent
Combustible
(%)

1.40%
0.18%

3.75%

2.01%
0.51%

1.08%

37.90%
53.20%

4.50%
0.00%

40.00%
50.00%

9,100
9,450

Proposed O2
Low
(%)
5.5%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%

8.5%

Properties of Steam
Gauge Pressure

Temperature

Specific Volume
Saturated Vapor

Saturated Liquid

Enthalpy
Evaporated

(psig)

( F)

(ft /lb)

(Btu/lb)

(Btu/lb)

25 (vacuum)
20 (vacuum)
15 (vacuum)
10 (vacuum)
5 (vacuum)

134
162
179
192
203

142
73.9
51.3
39.4
31.8

102
129
147
160
171

1,017
1,001
990
982
976

212

26.8

180

970

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
55
60
65
70
75

215
219
222
224
227
230
232
233
237
239
244
248
252
256
259
262
265
268
271
274
277
279
282
284
286
289
291
293
295
298
300
307
312
316
320

25.2
23.5
22.3
21.4
20.1
19.4
18.7
18.4
17.1
16.5
15.3
14.3
13.4
12.6
11.9
11.3
10.8
10.3
9.85
9.46
9.1
8.75
8.42
8.08
7.82
7.57
7.31
7.14
6.94
6.68
6.27
5.84
5.49
5.18
4.91

183
187
190
192
195
198
200
201
205
207
212
216
220
224
227
230
233
236
239
243
246
248
251
253
256
258
260
262
264
267
271
277
282
286
290

968
966
964
962
960
959
957
956
954
953
949
947
944
941
939
937
934
933
930
929
927
925
923
922
920
918
917
915
914
912
909
906
901
898
895

80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300

324
328
331
335
338
341
344
347
350
353
356
358
361
363
366
368
371
373
375
377
380
382
384
386
388
390
392
394
396
397
399
401
403
404
406
408
409
411
413
414
416
417
418
420
421

4.67
4.44
4.24
4.05
3.89
3.74
3.59
3.46
3.34
3.23
3.12
3.02
2.92
2.84
2.74
2.68
2.6
2.54
2.47
2.41
2.31
2.29
2.24
2.19
2.14
2.09
2.05
2
1.96
1.92
1.89
1.85
1.81
1.78
1.75
1.72
1.69
1.66
1.63
1.6
1.57
1.55
1.53
1.49
1.47

294
298
302
305
309
312
316
319
322
325
328
330
333
336
339
341
344
346
348
351
353
355
358
360
362
364
366
368
370
372
374
376
378
380
382
383
385
387
389
391
392
394
395
397
398

891
889
886
883
880
878
875
873
871
868
866
864
861
859
857
855
853
851
849
847
845
843
841
839
837
836
834
832
830
828
827
825
823
822
820
819
817
815
814
812
811
809
808
806
805

305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3206.2

423
425
426
427
429
430
432
433
434
435
437
438
440
441
442
443
445
446
447
448
460
470
479
489
497
505
513
520
534
546
574
597
618
636
654
669
683
696
705.4

1.45
1.43
1.41
1.38
1.36
1.34
1.33
1.31
1.29
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.22
1.2
1.19
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.12
1
0.89
0.82
0.74
0.69
0.64
0.6
0.56
0.49
0.44
0.34
0.23
0.22
0.19
0.16
0.13
0.11
0.08
-

400
402
404
405
407
408
410
411
413
414
416
417
419
420
421
422
424
425
427
428
439
453
464
475
483
491
504
512
529
544
580
610
642
672
701
733
764
804
-

803
802
800
799
797
796
794
793
791
790
789
788
786
785
784
783
781
780
778
777
766
751
740
728
719
710
696
686
666
647
600
557
509
462
413
358
295
213
-

Linear Interpolation Formulas

thalpy

Enthalpy

Gauge Pressure

Temperature

Specific Volume
Saturated Vapor

Saturated Liquid

(Btu/lb)

(psig)

( F)

(ft /lb)

(Btu/lb)

1,119
1,130
1,137
1,142
1,147

212.0

26.8

180.0

Saturated Vapor

1,150
1,151
1,153
1,154
1,154
1,155
1,157
1,157
1,157
1,159
1,160
1,161
1,163
1,164
1,165
1,166
1,167
1,167
1,169
1,169
1,172
1,173
1,173
1,174
1,175
1,176
1,176
1,177
1,177
1,178
1,179
1,180
1,183
1,183
1,184
1,185

1,185
1,187
1,188
1,188
1,189
1,190
1,191
1,192
1,193
1,193
1,194
1,194
1,194
1,195
1,196
1,196
1,197
1,197
1,197
1,198
1,198
1,198
1,199
1,199
1,199
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,201
1,201
1,201
1,202
1,202
1,202
1,202
1,202
1,203
1,203
1,203
1,203
1,203
1,203
1,203

1,203
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,204
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,205
1,204
1,204
1,203
1,202
1,201
1,200
1,198
1,195
1,191
1,180
1,167
1,151
1,134
1,114
1,091
1,059
1,017
-

Formulas
Enthalpy
Evaporated

Saturated Vapor

(Btu/lb)

(Btu/lb)

970.0

1,150.0