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CH 8 - Multiple Integrals

1. The document covers multiple integrals, which are used to find the volume, mass, or other properties of solids and surfaces in 3 dimensions. 2. Multiple integrals are evaluated by dividing the region into small elements and summing the function values over all elements. For double integrals, this is done using rectangular or polar coordinates. 3. Triple integrals are evaluated similarly but for functions defined over a 3D region, and can represent physical quantities like volume, mass, or center of gravity of an object.

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356 views48 pages

CH 8 - Multiple Integrals

1. The document covers multiple integrals, which are used to find the volume, mass, or other properties of solids and surfaces in 3 dimensions. 2. Multiple integrals are evaluated by dividing the region into small elements and summing the function values over all elements. For double integrals, this is done using rectangular or polar coordinates. 3. Triple integrals are evaluated similarly but for functions defined over a 3D region, and can represent physical quantities like volume, mass, or center of gravity of an object.

Uploaded by

Solewinner
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH 8- Multiple Integrals

• Recall (definite integral)

n ∗
lim ∑ f ( xk )Δx
n →∞ k =1
1. Double
Integrals

( xi∗ , yi∗ )ΔAi


n = 256
n = 16
n = 64
Geometrical Meaning
♣ If f(x,y) ≥ 0, then

= the volume of
the solid as shown.
Properties of Double Integrals
2. Evaluation of * *
(1) Rectangular regions
♣ The above result was
proved by Italian
mathematician Fubini
(1907) under the
condition that f(x,y) is
continuous throughout
the region R.
Guido Fubini
(1879-1943)
♣
♣
(*)

(*)

Remark. If f(x,y) = g(x) h(y), then


How to evaluate

∫∫R
f ( x, y )dA
efficiently ?
General regions — Type A

♣ The region R :
General regions — Type B

♣ The region R :
(♣) Find xy dA ,

(Type A) 1. Sketch
2. y-limits
3. x-limits

(♣) =

=½ = = 1⁄ 24.
(♣) Find xy dA ,

(Type B) 1. Sketch
2. x-limits
3. y-limits

(♣) =

=½ =½ (y² − y³)dy = 1⁄ 24
(♣) Evaluate where R :

(Type B)

(♣) = ???
(♣) Evaluate where R :

(Type A)
(♣)
=
(♣) Evaluate

(1) Type A or B ? (B)


(2) Identify R
(♣) =
3.Double Integral in Polar Coordinates
● Circle
R:

y
● Sector of a circle
R:
R
60o
x
1
● Ring
R:

● Polar rectangle
R:
Change of variables

♣ (x, y) → (r, θ), → ?


(x, y)

→
♣ If R :

then
♣ Evaluate

R:
Applications
♣ Volume
Suppose D is a solid
under the surface f(x,y)
over a plane region R.
Then the volume of D
is given by
Elliptic paraboloid
♣

The
♣
●
♣ Surface area
●

x2 + 4 − x2
4 − x2

x2 + 4 − x2
4 − x2

π 1
sin =
6 2
♣ Mass & center of gravity
If a lamina with a continuous density fn δ(x,y)
occupies a region R in the xy-plane, its total
mass M is given by

& its center of gravity is


●
♣ Find the center of gravity of the triangular
lamina with vertices (0,0),
(0,1)
(0,1) & (1,0), & density
(1,0)
function δ(x,y) = xy.
● For the center of gravity,

Thus
5. Triple Integral
Recall :

n ∗
lim ∑ f ( xk )Δx
n →∞ k =1
●

∗ ∗
( xi , yi )ΔAi
●
●

f(x,y,z) is defined on D
Physical Meaning of --------------
• No direct geometrical meaning for

• If

• If f represents certain physical quantity, then


may have some physical meaning.
♣

Now, suppose the density is a fn δ(x,y,z) defined


on D.

& so
♣ Evaluation of triple integral
(♣) Evaluate

(♣) =

= ····· = 1

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