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Mental Models Checklist

The document lists over 60 cognitive biases, heuristics, and mental models that influence human decision making and judgment. Some of the key biases mentioned include WYSIATI (what you see is all there is), associative thinking, loss aversion, availability bias, authority bias, status quo bias, priming and anchoring, confirmation bias, and hindsight bias. It also covers concepts like diffusion of responsibility, social proof, base rates neglect, sunk costs, feedback loops, emergence, and checklists. The document provides an extensive overview of many psychological factors that shape human cognition and behavior.

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Ayush Aggarwal
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2K views1 page

Mental Models Checklist

The document lists over 60 cognitive biases, heuristics, and mental models that influence human decision making and judgment. Some of the key biases mentioned include WYSIATI (what you see is all there is), associative thinking, loss aversion, availability bias, authority bias, status quo bias, priming and anchoring, confirmation bias, and hindsight bias. It also covers concepts like diffusion of responsibility, social proof, base rates neglect, sunk costs, feedback loops, emergence, and checklists. The document provides an extensive overview of many psychological factors that shape human cognition and behavior.

Uploaded by

Ayush Aggarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mental Models Checklist

- WYSIATI (What You See Is All There Is)


- Associative Machine
- Always Trying to Find the Why
- Incentives/Rewards: System Gaming, Intrinsic/Extrinsic, FedEx
- Doubt-Avoidance: Fast Decisions, Avoid Too Many Options
- Consistency: Verbalized, Ben Franklin Borrowing Book from 'Enemy'
- Fairness: Individual vs Group
- Clanning: Convergence/Divergence (Granfalloon)
- Diffusion of Responsibility/Bystander Apathy
- Envy
- Reciprocity: Concessions
- Mere-Association: Pavlov, Good & Bad, Stereotypes, Messenger
- Overconfidence: Choose Lottery Number vs Generated, Endowment ('Mine')
- Overoptimism: Newlyweds, Base Rate Neglect
- Loss-Aversion: Deprival, 2.5x, Almost-Possessed: Bar-Bar-Lemon
- Contrast: Order of Homes Shown by Realtor
- Availability: Easy, Recent, Vivid - Cascades, Frequency vs *Fluency*
- Authority: Milgram Experiments, Nurse/Doctor (Credibility)
- Reason-Respecting: Why/Because
- Scarcity: Limited Time, Going Fast
- Status-Quo: Default Option, Effort Minimization
- Priming/Anchoring: Scary Movies, SS#, Smiling, Think Elderly: Walk Slower
- Confirmation: Prove Existing Beliefs, Ignore Opposing Evidence
- Hindsight: Monday Morning QB, Sense-making, Story, Outcome Bias
- Mental States: Willpower, Glucose, Mood (Good:Creative/Bad:Rational)
- Survivorship/Absence Blindness (don't see mutual funds that failed)
- Framing: Loss vs Gain
- Cognitive Switching Penalty vs Flow (no such thing as multitasking)
- Affect: Emotion, Fear of Flying
- Dunning-Kruger: Competence Levels (don't know what you don't know)
- Man-with-Hammer
- Social Proof: Line Lengths Example, Peers Have Most Pull
- Base Rates: Conjunction Bias, Bayes: Base Rate >= New Data
- Curse of Knowledge
- Pain-Avoiding Denial
- Operant Conditioning: By Consequences, Reward/Punish
- Attribution Error: Me: circumstances, Them: innate traits
- Pygmalion Effect: Expectations Influence Performance
- Mere-Exposure: Familiarity -> Liking
- Halo Effect: Order When Grading Essays, Online Reviews
- Four Fold Pattern: Risk & Loss vs Gain - Possibility Effect, Certainty Effect
- Remembering Self: Peak-End Rule, Focusing Illusion (misjudge impact)
- Negativity Dominance: Loss -> Fight Harder

v0.95
http://www.mymentalmodels.info/checklistpdf
- Power Laws: 80/20
- Expected Value
- Regression to Mean: Height, Performance (punishment/praise no impact)
- Long Tail: Amazon, Specialization
- Law of Small Numbers: Worst and Best Schools are the Smallest
- Meehl Pattern: Experts and Low/High Validity Environments

- Sunk Cost
- Time Value of Money
- Advantages of Scale vs Specialization
- Creative Destruction: Wave-riding, Stick-to-Ribs
- Comparative Advantage: Tiger Woods & Lawn
- Opportunity Cost: Options Not Chosen
- Agency Costs
- Tragedy of the Commons/Prisoner's Dilemma/Red Queen Effect
- Moral Hazard
- Gresham's Law: Bad Drives Out Good (Money/Behavior)
- Mathew Effect: Small Initial Advantage Snowballs
- Diminishing Returns: Fatigued Worker
- Critical Mass: Non-linearity, Tipping Points, M-Stan vs E-Stan
- Redundancy: Fail-Safes, Backups
- Constraints: Bottlenecks/Weak Links
- Evolution: Selfish Gene, Caveman Syndrome
- Tight Coupling: Dependent Components
- Break Points
- Feedback Loops: Positive & Negative
- Autocatalysis: Disney Movie Catalog -> VHS
- Equilibrium: Static vs Dynamic
- Complex Adaptive Systems: Participants Change the System
- Collective Intelligence: Crowdsourcing, Diversity
- Emergence: Whole is Greater than Sum of Parts
- Meta-cognition: System 1/2, Growth Mindset, Optimism, Mindfulness
- Checklists: do-confirm, read-do
- Invert: How Not To
- Disconfirming Evidence: Disprove
- Outside View: What Usually Happens
- Broad Framing: Risk Policies, Decisions in Aggregate
- 2nd/3rd Order Consequences: Peltzman/Seat Belts
- Perfect vs Good: Sometimes Better to Just Do than Wait and Perfect
- Lollapaloozas
- Pre-mortem: Assume Failure, Explain Why

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