Modeling the Installed
Performance of Antennas in a
Ship Topside Environment
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Enow Tanjong
Electromagnetic Systems
Complete Technology in Action
Antenna
Filter
Shielding
RCS
Installed Performance
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Electron Tube
FSS
Array
Connectors
PCB
Package
Cabling
System Level Design
All-Encompassing EM-Simulation
EM Interaction
System analysis
Coupling analysis
Radiation analysis
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Installed Performance
EMC/ EMI/ E3
Challenges: Electromagnetic size, Complexity, Aspect ratio
Electrical Size
Frequency Application
1 MHz Lightning
10 MHz HF communications
100 MHz EMP
1 GHz L-Band
Communications
10 GHz Radar
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
El. Length
0.5
5
50
500
5000
FEM
TD MLFMM Asymptotic
MoM
Aspect Ratio
300 MHz
18 m
18
1.575 GHz
160 m
840
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
4 mm notches
0.9 mm radius feed pin
3 mm wire radii
Approach 1: Brute force!
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Small detail small time step
longer simulation.
HPC options: CPU, GPU, MPI.
Mesh quality important
Increased meshing in small
detail leads to high memory
requirement
HPC options: CPU, MPI.
MLFMM Time Domain
Approach 2: Field Decomposition
FIT, TLM, FEM, MoM, MLFMM
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Near-field source
Far-field source
FIT, TLM
MoM ,MLFMM, Asymptotic
Advantages of Field Sources
Near-field Source
Far-field Source
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Small simulation volume fine features can be simulated
accurately.
Simulate source with appropriate mesh and solver.
Can import external (measured) fields.
No knowledge of antenna structure necessary (Intellectual Property).
Real World Navy Frigate
Complete Technology in Action
1 GHz JTIDS antenna
(FEM + MLFMM)
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
10 MHz HF whips (TD, MoM)
TD (FIT) Solution
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
FIT Solver
40 minutes, 1.3 GB RAM
10 Million mesh cells
Far-Field Results at 10 MHz
Single antenna excited
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Surface Current due to HF Antenna
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
MoM Solution
MoM Solver
60 minutes, 12 GB RAM
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Low frequency stabilization available
Anisotropic mesh
refinement
JTIDS for L Band TDMA Network Radio
JTIDS antenna (1.0875 GHz)
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Installed performance of antenna required
JTIDS Antenna Array Design
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Rapid, automatic
design of validated
antenna elements
Convenient
building block for
larger, more
complex designs
Synthesis, Optimization
Element Level Simulation
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Snap nodes to boundary
References true geometry
Sensitivity Analysis
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Sensitivity Analysis
Parametric tolerance analysis with only a single simulation run
2nd Order
325000 Tetrahedrons
Mixed Order Elements
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
3
rd
Order Mixed
98000 Tetrahedrons
JTIDS Antenna Pattern in Isolation
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Automatic phase
center calculation
Arbitrary slant
polarization
JTIDS Far Field Source on Ship
JTIDS antenna pattern
imported and
positioned on ship mast
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Ship is 500 wavelengths long @ 1.0875 GHz
Characterization of Water Surface
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
At higher frequencies
characterization of sea water as a
surface impedance material
significantly reduces the amount of
required computational resources
Surface Mesh at 1.0875 GHz
1,400,000 surfaces
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
1,400,000 surfaces
MLFMM Solver => 12 hours and ~84 GB RAM
JTIDS + Ship Results at 1.0875 GHz
Surface current
Far field pattern
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Far field pattern
Complex Ship Model
USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81)
Provided by
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Antenna
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
1.087 GHz TACAN antenna
Gain cut
3D Far-field
Antenna Gain not optimized
TACAN Antenna
Gain
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
TACAN Far Field Source on Ship
TACAN antenna pattern
imported and positioned
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
TACAN Far Field + Ship meshed at 1.087 GHz
1,950,098 surfaces (including sea
water) => Solvable with MLFMM
but would require a large amount
of RAM. MPI would be an option
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Asymptotic Solution
Shooting Bouncing Ray (SBR) method
Multiple bounces taken into account
Plane wave source for RCS analysis
Incident Rays
Scattered Rays
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Robust meshing enables discretization of complex models and Asymptotic solution
requires far less computational resources making it ideal for this problem
TACAN + Ship Results at 1.087 GHz
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Asymptotic solver => 3 hours, 600 MB RAM
Model size is approximately 783 wavelengths at 1.087 GHz
S-Band Radar Antenna
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Radar Unit Element Patch Antenna
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Right-hand Circular Polarized pin-fed
Square Truncated Patch Antenna
designed for 3 GHz
Array Construction and Excitation
Array wizard constructs
the array and applies
excitation
25 X 25 Array
Transient Solver
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
All 625 Ports created
automatically by wizard
3 GHz S-Band Radar Array Results
Far-field
Surface Current
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Simultaneous port excitation requiring 35 GB of
RAM and 6 hours to run
S-band Radar Antenna Field source on Ship
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Radar Antenna Array Pattern
imported and Positioned
Single Radar + Ship Results at 3 GHz
Far-field
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Model size is approximately 2160 wavelengths at 3 GHz
Multiple Far-Field Sources
Possible to import multiple FF
sources and excite all at once
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Antenna Analysis/Placement Features
All standard antenna performance results (Gain, Surface Current, . . )
Sensitivity analysis
Up to 3
rd
order TET elements
Frequency tabulated surface impedance
Parameterization/ optimization
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Parameterization/ optimization
Far-field and Near-field Source imports
Array Wizard
High Performance Computing Options
Summary
CST MWS has the capability of solving electromagnetic problems both
at the component level and at the system level
The complete technology available means the best tool can be used for
a particular analysis
At the system level field decomposition techniques can be used for
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
At the system level field decomposition techniques can be used for
more efficient analysis.
The asymptotic method implemented in CST MWS can be used for very
complex electrically large simulations reduce the amount of resources
required
