English DataSheet of CH455

LED drive and keyboard control chip CH455

English DataSheet Version:1C http://wch.cn

1. Introduction
CH455 is LED display drive and keyboard scan control chip. It sets clock surge circuit internally to drive four bits number LED or thirty two LEDs dynamically. And at the same time it can scan 28-key. CH455 exchanges data with MCU via two wires serial interface of SCL and SDA.. SCL SDA SEG6 ! CH455 MCU etc INT# (broken line is optional) 7 4 matrix 28 keys board

SEG7!SEG0 4 bits LED Or 32 LEDs

DIG3!DIG0

2. Features
Set display current drive layer internally, the current of segment is no less than 25mA, the current of word is no less than 160mA. Display scan control dynamically, support 8 4 or 7 4, directly drive four bits number LED or thirty two LEDs. Internal limit current, set eight level light control via space percentage. Set 28-key keyboard control, based on 7 4 matrix scan.. Set pull-down resistor internal while key-press, glitter removable. Supply keyboard interrupt active with low-level, and supply key-press release token to check the key is pressed or release. High speed two wires serial interface, the speed of clock varies from 0 to 4MHz, compatible with I2C bus, save pins. Set turn on power to reset, 2.7V~5V power. Support low exhaust sleep mode to save energy, awoke via press key or command. Set clock surge circuit internally, the external clock or surge equipment is not necessary, resister to be disturbed. Supply DIP18, SOP18 and SOP16 package without lead, compatible with RoHS, the function and pins are part compatible with CH450 .

English DataSheet of CH455

3. Package

Package DIP18 SOP18 SOP16

Width of plastic 7.62mm 7.62mm 3.9mm 300mil 300mil 150mil

Pitch of pin 2.54mm 1.27mm 1.27mm 100mil 50mil 50mil

Instruction of package Dual in-line package of 18-pin Small outline package of 18-pin Small outline package of 16-pin

Ordering CH455K CH455H CH455G

4. Pins
Pin No. DIP18/SOP18 11 4 9,10 12,13 14,15 16 SOP16 14 8 12,13 15,16 1,2 3 Pin Name VCC GND Type POWER POWER Tri-state Output Input Description Positive power, the persistent current is no less than 150mA Public ground, the persistent current is no less than 150mA Segment driver of LEDs, active with high level, Keyboard scan input, active with high level, with pull-down resistor Radix point segment output of LED, active with high level, Key-board interrupt output in 7-segment mode, active with low level Word diver of LED, active with low level, Key-board scan output, active with high level

SEG0 !SEG6

17

SEG7

Output

1,5 6,7

5,9 10,11

DIG0 !DIG3

Output With pull-up resister Drain-open output input input With

SDA

Data input and output of 2-wire serial interface, With pull-up resister

2 18

6 No

SCL INT#

Data clock of 2-wire serial interface, With pull-up resister Key-board interrupt output, active with

English DataSheet of CH455

pull-up resister Drain-open output 8 No ISET Input

low-level

Adjust the upper limit of segment current, NC. Means the default setting

5. Function description
5.1. General description
The data in this manual has three types. Binary numbers are followed by a ! B". Hexadecimal numbers are followed by an ! H". Numbers without annotations are decimals. X stands for any value. MCU (DSP, microprocessor etc. controller) controls CH455 chip via 2-wire serial interface. The numeric display driver is independent of keyboard scan control, so the MCU can start, close, set the two functions separately. The 2-wire serial interface of CH455is achieved by hardware, and the MCU can high-speed operate on the serial interface frequently, the efficient of CH455 has no influence.

5.2. Display driver

CH455 adopts dynamic scan to drive the numeric LED and LED, the sequence is from DIG0 to DIG3. When one pin draws the current, the other pins don$t draw current. In the internal, CH455 has current drive layer to directly drive 0.5 inch to 1 inch common cathode, segment drive pin SEG6~SEG0 are each responding to segment G~A of number LED. SEG7 is radix point. Word drive pin DIG3~DIG0 connect to four numeric LEDs$ cathode respectively. CH455 can connect to LED which is 8%4matrix or thirty two separate LEDs. Or connect to common anode number LED through inverter driver. Otherwise connect to large size number LED via high-power pipe. In 7-segment mode, SEG7 is used as keyboard interrupt output, and can$t drive the radix point. The numeric LED display drive time is divided by eight, supports eight layers light control by setting the space rate. The space rate is from 1/8 to 8/8. The space rate is more greater, the drive current of numeric LED is more bigger, and the display light is more higher. The space rate is not linear with display light. There four data registers with 8-bit in CH455, used to save four words data, corresponding to four numeric LEDs or four groups which group has eight LEDs. The bit7 to bit0 is corresponding to radix point and segment G to segment A. For the LED array, the data bit of each word is corresponding to one LED. When the data bit is 1, the segment or LED of corresponding numeric LED is light; when the data bit is 0, the segment or LED of corresponding numeric will distinguish. For example, the bit 0 of the third data register is 1, the segment A of the third numeric LED will light. The following is segment name of number LED.

English DataSheet of CH455

5.3. Keyboard scan

The function of keyboard scan supports 28-key keyboard which is 7%4 matrix. During the keyboard scan period, DIG3 to DIG0 are used to column scan output, the pins of SEG6 to SEG0 are all have pull-down resister internal, used to row scan input. CH455 insert the keyboard scan regularly during display drive scan. During keyboard scan, DIG3 to DIG0 output high level in turns according DIG0 to DIG3, the other pins output low level; the output of SEG6~SEG0 are forbidden, when there is no key pressed, SEG6~SEG0 are pulled to low level; when there is a key pressed, such as the key connect DIG1 to SEG4 is pressed, DIG1 output high level and SEG4 has checked high level; in order to avoid the environment, CH455 will scan twice, and once the two result is the same, the key press is efficient. If CH455 has checked the efficient key-press, take a record of the key-press code, and generate the keyboard interrupt which active with low level via INT#, at the same time, MCU can read the key-press code via serial interface; before checking the efficient key-press, CH455 will not generate any keyboard interrupt. CH455 doesn$t support the assembled key-press; it means that, two keys or more keys can not be pressed at the same time. CH455 supports combination key of SEG1 and SEG0 for the same DIG, the combination key has the priority. In additional, if two keys or more keys are pressed, the key with lower code has the priority. For example, the two keys which connection of DIG1 with SEG1, and connection of DIG1 and SEG0, are combination key. The key-press code supplied by CH455 has 8 bits, the bit-7 is always 0 and bit-2 is 1, bit1 to bit 0 is column scan code, bit5 to bit3 is row scan code, bit 6 is state code (press key is 1, release key is 0). For example, the key connects DIG1 to SEG4 is pressed, the key-press code is 01100101B or 65H, when the key is released, the key-press code is 00100101B or 25H (maybe is other code, but the value is lower than 40H). The column scan code is 01B responding to DIG1, the row scan code is 100B responding to SEG4. MCU can read the key-press code at any time, in generally, after checking the efficient key-press, generating keyboard interrupt, then read the key-press code. At this time, the bit6 is always 1. MCU can read the key-press code via check mode to know when the key is released, till the bit6 is 0. The following table is key-press address of DIG3~DIG0 and SEG6~SEG0, also is numeric LED segment bit and LED array address. The key-press code is 8-bit, the bit-6 is always 1 when press key. When key is pressed, the actual key-press code is the following address adds 40H, it means that the key-press code is between 44H and 77H. address SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 DIG3 07H 0FH 17H 1FH 27H 2FH DIG2 06H 0EH 16H 1EH 26H 2EH DIG1 05H 0DH 15H 1DH 25H 2DH DIG0 04H 0CH 14H 1CH 24H 2CH

English DataSheet of CH455

SEG6 SEG0+SEG1

37H 3FH

36H 3EH

35H 3DH

34H 3CH

5.4. Serial interface

CH455 has 2-wire serial interface achieved by hardware, contains two main signal wires: serial data clock input wire SCL, serial data input and output wire SDA; and one assistant signal wire: interrupt output wire INT#. The SCL is input wire with pull-up resistor, high-level in default; SDA is bidirectional signal wire with pull-up resistor, high-level in default; INT# is drain open output with pull-up resistor, after starting keyboard scan function, it is keyboard interrupt output, high-level in default. SDA used to input and output serial data, high-level means bit data is 1, low-level means bit data is 0, the serial data input sequence is high bit in front, and the low bit is behind. SCL used to supply serial clock. CH455 input data from SDA when SCL is raising, output data from SDA when SCL is falling. During SCL is high-level, the SDA is falling, defined as start signal of serial interface. During SCL is high-level, the SDA is raising, defined as stop signal of serial interface. After CH455 has checked start signal, it can receive and analyse command. In order to save I/O pin, keep SDA state, share the SCL with other interface circuit; if make sure the SDA change only when SCL is low-level, SCL and SDA can share with other interface circuit. INT# used as keyboard interrupt output, high-level in default. When CH455 has checked the efficient key-press, INT# output interrupt active with low-level; after MCU is interrupted, execute read operation to CH455, CH455 will change INT# to high-level, and output key-press code from SDA, MCU gets one byte data from SDA, key-press code. The communication process has six steps: output start signal, output byte 1, acknowledge 1, input byte 2, acknowledge 2, output stop signal. The start signal and the stop signal are as before, acknowledge 1 and 2 are always 1, the output byte 1and input byte 2 each contains 8-bit data bits, one byte data. The following is a write operation, byte 1 is 01001000B, 48H; byte 2 is 00000001B, 01H.

6. Operation command
The operation command of CH455 is divided as three groups. The start command, stop command, acknowledge 1 and acknowledge 2 are the same, the difference are the output byte 1, byte 2, the transfer direction of byte 2.

6.1. Set system parameter command

The output byte is 01001000B, 48H; the output byte 2 is 0[INTENS][7SEG][SLEEP]0[ENA]B. The set system parameter command is used to set CH455 system layer parameters: display and keyboard scan enable ENA, sleep enable SLEEP, 7-segment mode 7SEG, display light control INTENS. The command has no influence on the data in internal data buffer. When ENA is 1, allow display output and keyboard scan; when ENA is 0, close display drive and

English DataSheet of CH455

keyboard scan. When SLEEP is 1, CH455 enter into low-power exhaust sleep state to save power. CH455 can be woken by one of the two affairs: one is checked the key-press of SEG0~SEG3, the efficient key-press code id from 44H to 5FH; the other is received the next operation command from MCU. When CH455 has been woken up, the SLEEP will automatic clear as 0. The operation of sleep and awake has no influence on CH455$s other work sate. If ENA is 1, awake and then generate key-press interrupt; if ENA is 0, awake and don$t generate key-press interrupt. When 7SEG is 1, responding to 7-segment mode, display scan is 7 4, don$t support radix point. SEG7 used as key-press interrupt output, the same efficient with INT#. When 7SEG is 0, responding to 8-segment mode, display scan is 8 4, support radix point. This bit is used to CH455G to start key-board scan function without INT# pin. The display light INTENS via 3 bits data to control. 001B to 111B and 000B set the display drive space rate is 1/8 to 7/8 and 8/8, the default value is 8/8. For example, byte 2 00000001B indicates the mode is 8-segment, display space rate is 8/8; byte 2 01000001B indicates the mode is 8-segment, display space rate is 4/8; byte 2 00001001B indicates the mode is 7-segment, display space rate is 8/8; byte 2 00000100B indicates enter into low-power sleep mode, woke up by press key or command operation, SLEEP clear as 0.

6.2. Load word data command

The output byte 1 of this command is address 68H, 6AH, 6CH or 6EH, responding to four numeric LEDs DIG0~DIG3; the output byte 2 is [DIG_DATA]B, and the value is between 00H to 0FFH, eight bits data word. The load word data command is used to write word data DIG_DATA to data register whose address is appointed by byte 1. For example, command data 01101100B (6CH responding to DIG2), 01111001B means write word data 79H to the first data register, make the numeric LEDs display E which is driven by DIG2.

6.3. Read key-press code command

The output byte 1 of this command is 01001111B, 4FH; the input byte 2 is key-press code. Read key-press code command is used to get the efficient key-press code which is checked by CH455. This command is read operation, only has data return command. The MCU must release SDA pin (tri-state output forbid or pull-up to high-level), then CH455 output key-press code from SDA, the efficient data bit id bit7 to bit0 of key-press, bit6 is state code, bit5~bit0 is scan code and key-press address.

7. Parameter
7.1. Absolute maximum rating (Stresses above those listed can cause permanent damage to
the device. Exposure to maximum rated conditions can affect device operation and reliability.) Name Ambient operating temperature Parameter note ISET connects to ground, connect limit current resistor Don$t connect limit current resistor, using internal limit current Min. -40 -40 Max. 85 70 Units

TA

English DataSheet of CH455

TS VCC VIO IMdig IMseg IMall

Storage temperature Voltage source (VCC connects to power, GND to ground) The voltage of input or output pin Sequential driven current of signal DIG pin Sequential driven current of signal SEG The total of all SEG pins sequential driven current

-55 -0.5 -0.5 0 0 0

125 6.5 VCC+0.5 200 40 130 V V mA mA mA

7.2. Electrical parameter (test conditions: TA=25 ,VCC=5V)

Name VCC ICC ICCs ICCsIp VIL VIH VILseg VIHseg VOLdigx VOLdig VOHdig VOLsegx VOLseg VOHseg VOL VOH IDN1 IUP1 IUP2 IUP3 VR Parameter note Source voltage Source current Static current (SCL, SDA and INT# are high-level) Sleep current (SCL, SDA and INT# are high-level) SCL and SDA are low-level input voltage SCL and SDA are high-level input voltage SEG low-level input voltage SEG high-level input voltage DIG pin is low-level output voltage (-200mA) DIG pin is low-level output voltage (-100mA) DIG pin is high-level output voltge (5mA) SEG pin is low-level output voltage (-40mA) SEG pin is low-level output voltage (-20mA) SEG pin is high-level output voltage (20mA) Other pins low-level output voltage (-4mA) Other pins high-level output voltage (4mA) Input pull-down current of SEG pin Input pull-up current of SCL pin Input pull-up current of SDA pin Input pull-up current of INT# pin Default restrict voltage when power-up reset 4.5 -30 10 150 500 2.2 -50 200 300 2000 2.4 -400 300 500 5000 2.6 4.5 0.5 4.5 1.0 0.5 -0.5 2.0 -0.5 1.8 Min. 2.7 0.2 Typical 5 80 0.05 0.006 Max. 5.3 150 0.15 0.02 0.8 VCC+0.5 0.5 VCC+0.5 1.2 0.8 Units V mA mA mA V V V V V V V V V V V V uA uA uA uA V

7.3. Internal sequence parameter (test conditions: TA=25 ,VCC=5V)

(note: the sequence parameter in this table is multiple of inner clock cycle, the frequency of inner clock will reduce while source power falls.) Name TPR TDP TKS Parameter note Reset time generated by power-up detection Display scan cycle Key-board scan interval, key-press acknowledge time Min. 10 4 20 Typical 25 8 40 Max. 60 20 80 Units mS mS mS

7.4. Interface sequence parameter (test conditions: TA=25 ,VCC=5V, consult the
following image)

English DataSheet of CH455

(note: the unit is 10-9 mainly, the max value which is not given clear indication is infinite in the abstract.)

Name TSSTA THSTA TSSTO THSTO TCLOW TCHIG TSDA THDA TAA TDH Rate

Parameter note Start signal set up time when SDA is falling edge Start signal keep time when SDA is falling edge Stop signal set up time when SDA is rising edge Stop signal keep time when SDA is rising edge Low-level width of SCL clock signal High-level width of SCL clock signal SDA input data for SCL rising edge set up time SDA input data for SCL rising edge keep time SDA output data efficient for SCL falling edge delay time SDA output data inefficient for SCL falling edge delay time Average data transform speed

Min. 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 10 2 2 0

Typical

Max.

Units nS nS nS nS nS nS nS nS

30 40 4M

nS bps

8. Application
8.1. Numeric LEDs driver and key-board scan (following image)
CH455 connects to the external MCU via two wires serial interface SCL and SDA. Capacitance C1 and C2 are laying next to power pin, used to power decoupling decrease the disturb generated by driven large current. CH455 can directly drive four common cathodes dynamically. The same segment pin (segment A~G and radix point) of all the number LED parallel connect, then connect to SEG0~SEG7 of CH453 via serial connect limited current resistor R1. The public cathode of each number LED is driven by DIG0~DIG3 of CH455. ISET pin connects to ground, close internal limited current, so connect R1 to limit and balance segment driver current. On the 5V power, usually serial connects 200& resistor is corresponding to 13mA segment current. The value of limited current resistor is more larger, the segment current is more smaller, the display light is more darker. The value of R1 is between 50& and 1K&, when the power voltage is lower ( such as VCC=3.3V), don$t need limited resistor. While the other condition is the same, select the large value resistor at priority to reduce consume of CH455. CH455 has key-board scan function with 28-key. If only need few key-press, get rid of any key-press in 7 4 matrix. In order to avoid influence on display because of the short circuit of SEG and DIG signal wire after key-press, serial connect limit current resistor R11-R14 between DIG0~DIG3 and keyboard matrix, the value is from 1K& to 10K&. When use keyboard function,

English DataSheet of CH455

the INT# of CH455 can connect to input pin or common I/O pin of MCU. In the image, the MCU U2 via CH455 drives four common cathode numeric LEDs and scan twenty eight keys. Because some numeric LED has reverse creepage when the voltage is high, make a mistake for CH455 that there is one key is pressed for a long time, recommend to use diode D1-D4, and enhance input signal level of SEG0~SEG6 when keyboard scan. When source voltage is low (such as 3.3V), get rid of these diodes to avoid influence on the display light.

8.2. Drive common anticathode numeric LEDs (following image)

After adding reversers in DIG0~DIG3 word pins, CH455 can drive common anticathode numeric LEDs. In the image, the reversers are composed of four PNP audions T1~T4 (type of 9012 or 8550) and four resistors R3 (1K& to 3K&), drive four common anticathode numeric. The SEG segment is converse drive in this connection, so the word data in load word data command

English DataSheet of CH455

10

must be opposite by bit, when the data bit is 0, light; when the data bit is 1, extinguish. There is no current limit in the chip when reverse drive. If want to drive large size numeric LEDs with high voltage or add drive current to enhance light, consult the detail of CH452.

8.3. Application: 7-segment 4+7-key

For CH455G with SOP16 package, without INT# press key interrupt output pin, if need key-press scan function, there are two methods : one is start 7-segment mode, don$t drive radix point of numeric LEDs, use SEG7 as key-press interrupt output; the other is use 8-segment mode, MCU to query whether key is pressed after read key value regularly. The following image is about the former mode, support four numeric LEDs 7-segment and 7-key without radix point. It is Using SEG7 as key-press interrupt output, and using internal current limit, to save outside segment current limit resister. In the image, it is using 7-key-press, get rid of three resister of DIG pin, in actually, the R10 can also be remove, when the key is pressed, one numeric LEDs one segment will extinguish, until the pressed key is released, it will recover.

8.4. Application: 7-segment 4+4-key

Following image is another application, support four numeric LEDs and four key-press 7-segment without radix point. The SEG0 is used as input, SEG7~SEG1 are used to drive segment G to segment A of numeric LEDs. Left shift one bit when loading word data. ISET used to set segment drive current, suspend in default. Enhance the voltage of ISET pin, the segment current will reduce. Reduce the voltage of ISET pin, the segment current will be enhanced.

English DataSheet of CH455

11

8.5. Anti-jamming (important)

Because current of CH455 drives number LED or LED is large, burr voltage will generated in power. If power wire or ground wire doesn$t lay logically, it will influence stability of MCU or CH455. The resolve methods of power jamming are as following: ", Recommending to use the short and thick power wire and ground wire, especially when CH455 and MCU are belongs to two PCBs; #, Near to CH455, and between positive and negative power to parallel connection power decoupling capacitance, One 0.1uF monolithic or china capacitance and no less than 100uF electrolytic capacitance are at least. For the long signal wire, consult the following image: ", Add capacitance C11 and C12, near to CH455 of signal wire, the capacitance is from 47pF to 470pF. The capacitance is more large, the transfer speed of MCU communication is more slower; #, Add R18 and R19 are optional, the value is from 100$ to 470$; %, Depress the transfer speed between MCU and CH455 (because of adding the capacitance and resister); &, Drive by standard I/O pin (such as standard MCS51 MCU), recommend to add R8 and R9, the value is from 500$ to 10K$, to enhance the pull-up ability of MCS-51 I/O pins, in that case to keep the better digital signal wave; when the signal wire is short, the R8 and R9 is no need. For I/O pins with totem pole drive, the R8 and R9 are no need. Addition, In the strong disturb environment, MCU can refurbish CH455 several seconds termly. Containing newly load data register of each number LED and newly start displaying.

English DataSheet of CH455

12

8.6. MCU interface program

The program of CH455 is compatible with CH450, using the subprogram and example subprogram of CH450 directly, some C language and ASM interface program is offered in the www.wch.cn web. For four bits numeric LEDs, CH455K with DIP18/SOP18 package and CH450K with DIP20/SOP20 are basically compatible in pins, only use DIG4~DIG7 and the right end are together of 18-pin package and 20-pin package.