TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions

General comments:
1 Inappropriate use of a GC
Q10(b) Using an algebraic method, solve the inequality
Q13(a)(i) Find the exact value of the integral
2 Show sufficient/detailed working when the answer is given.
3 Use of brackets is necessary.
Q9(ii)
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 1 1 1 2
2 1 1 2
=
1 1
k k k
k k
k
k k k k
+ +

+
+ +

Q9(iii)
1
1
1
N
n n
n
u u

Q13(iii)
1
1
ln( ) ln
n
r
n r n
n

+

Note that
1 1
( ) is not the same as
n n
r n r n
r r
a b a b



4 ax
2
+ bx + c has no real roots is WRONG!
Should be an equation ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 has no real roots.
1 No. of pairs = 10! = 3 628 800 M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
. . . . . M
10


___ ___ ___ ___ . . . . . ___
(We do not need to arrange among the 10 men as that will be result in repetitions)
No. of arrangements = (5 1)! 5! = 2880
2 Let the unit cost for electricity be $x per kWh, gas be $y per kWh and water be $z per m
3
.
Utilities bill for
May:
200 12 6.5 57 x y z + +
---------- (1)

June:
250 10 6.24 68.09 x y z + +
---------- (2)

July: ( ) 210 0.0057 11 6.76 60.66 x y z + + +

1
First arrange the 5 women in a circle Arrange/slot in the 5 men in the 5 seats between the 5 women
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
Arrange the 10 women in the 10 seats
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions

210 11 6.76 59.463 x y z + +
---------- (3)
Using the Simultaneous Equation Solver under GC Applications:
The solution is
x = 0.236, y = 0.195, z = 1.16 (3sf)
3 (i) Growth rate at time t =
5
100
P
Loss rate at time t =
100
k
P
d
d
P
t
Growth rate

Loss rate =
5
100
k
P

_

,
(ii)
d 5
d 100
P k
P
t

_

,
Integrating w.r.t. t , we get
1 d 5
d d
d 100
P k
t t
P t

_

,

1 5
d d
100
k
P t
P

_

,

Make ln P the subject:
5
ln
100
k
P t C

_
+

,
( ) 0 P > Q
is the general solution.
When t = 0, P = 6 ln 6 C
When t = 50, P = 12 and C = ln 6,
( ) 50 5
ln12 ln 6
100
k
+
( ) 50 5
ln 2
100
k

5 2 ln 2 k
5 2 ln 2 3.61 k
(3sf)
Make P the subject:
5 5 5
100 100 100
e e e e
k k k
t C t t
C
P A
_ _ _
+

, , ,

where e
C
A is the general solution.
When t = 0, P = 6 6 A
When t = 50, P = 12 and 6 A ,
( )
5
50
100
12 6e
k _

,

5
2
2 e
k _

,

5 2 ln 2 k
5 2 ln 2 3.61 k
(3sf)
2
In this question, k is defined as a positive
constant and take note that k % = .
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
4 Let a and r be the first term and common ratio of the arithmetic and geometric progression
respectively.
( ) ( ) 2 4 4 2 4 a r a r +
------------- (1)
( ) ( ) ( )
2
4 2 4 4 4 4 a a r a r + + + + +

( ) ( )
2
4 4 2(2) 4( ) 4 a a r + + +
2
2 0 a r + --------------- (2)
Sub (1) into (2),
( )
2
2 4 2 0 r r +

2
2 4 2 0 r r
2
2 1 0 r r

2 2 2
1 2
2
r
t
t

1 2 r
(reject
1 2 r +

1 as G.P is convergent r < Q
)
First term of H = ( ) 2 4 4 r +
2 4r
( )
2 4 1 2

4 2 2
5(i)

3
1
3
V x
(ii) Volume of water in cylindrical jar = ( )
2
3 8 72 cm
3

d 72
12
d 6
V
t


(iii)
2
d
d
V
x
x


2
d d d d
. 12 .
d d d d
V V x x
x
t x t t


2
d 12
d
x
t x

When x = 3,
d 12 4
d 9 3
x
t

3
45
o
x
x
Given is constant.
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
6(i)
3
2
1
4 , x t y
t

2
3
d d 2
12 ,
d d
x y
t
t t t

d d d

d d d
y y t
x t x


3 2 5
2 1 1
12 6 t t t

Equation of tangent:
( )
3
2 5
1 1
4
6
y x t
t t

5 2 2
5 2
1 2 1
6 3
1 5
6 3
y x
t t t
y x
t t
+ +
+
(ii) Let the values of t be the points where the tangents to the curve pass through the point
(1, 2).
Hence,
5 2
1 5
2
6 3 t t
+
5 3
12 10 1 0 t t +
From G.C., t = 0.829 or 0.963 or 0.534

Note: Using Equation Solver to solve
5 3
12 10 1 0 t t + will show that there are 3 real and 2
complex roots.
7
3 2 3 2
e cos cos
x x
y x y e x

Differentiate with respect to x.
3y
2
dy
dx
2e
2x
cos x e
2x
sin x

2 3 2
d
3 2 e sin
d
x
y
y y x
x

Differentiate with respect to x.

2
2
2 2 2 2
2
d d d
3 6 6 2e sin e cos
d d d
x x
y y y
y y y x x
x x x
_
+

,


2
2
2 2 2 3 3
2
d d d d
3 6 6 2 3 2
d d d d
y y y y
y y y y y y
x x x x
_ _
+

, ,

2
2
2 2 3
2
d d d
3 6 12 5 0
d d d
y y y
y y y y
x x x
_
+ +

,

2
2 2 3
2
d d d
3 6 12 5 0
d d d
y y y
y y y y
x x x
_
+ +

,

4
Good technique:
Raise to power 3 on both sides of
the equation and then implicit
differentiate.
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
When x = 0,

2
2
d 2 d 1
1, ,
d 3 d 9
y y
y
x x


2
2 1
1
3 18
y x x + + +L
Replacing x by
x
,
2 2 2
3 3
2 1
e cos( ) e cos( ) 1 ..
3 18
x x
x x x x

+ +

( )
( )
3 2
1
3 2
e cos
e cos 1
1
x
x
x
x x
x

+
+

( )
2 2
2 1
1 1
3 18
x x x x
_
+ +

,

2 2 2
2 2 1
1
3 3 18
x x x x x + + +
=
2
5 31
1
3 18
x x + .
Alternative solution

e
2x
cos x
3
1+ x
e
2x
cos x
( )
e
4x
3
1+ x
( )
1
e
2x
cos x
3
e

4
3
1+ x
( )
1
1+
2
3
x +
1
18
x
2
+L

_
,

1
4x
3
+
8x
2
9

_
,

1 x + x
2
+L
( )
1
5
3
x +
31
18
x
2
Comments:
As this is a proving question, it is important to show clear steps to obtaining the final answers.
Many students jumped steps and assumed that the marker will follow through with their working.
This is not correct. Clear steps with detailed working must be shown before marks are awarded.
5
Apply binomial theorem
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
8 (a)

( )
2
2
2
1
d
3 4 4
1
d
4 (2 1)
1 2
d
2 4 (2 1)
2 2 1
1 1
. ln
2 2(2) 2 (2 1)
1 3 2
ln
8 1 2
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
c
x
x
c
x

+
+ +
+
+
+
+

(b)
2
ln3
0
e
d
1 e
x
x
x
+

( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
( 1) d
d
d
( 1) 2
d
1
2 1 d
2
3
8 2 2
2 2 2
3 3
2
2 2
3
u x
u
u u
u u
u
u u
u u
u
u

1

1
1
]
1
_
_
1


,
1
,
]
+

9 (i)
2 3 4
3 5 7
, ,
4 9 16
u u u Conjecture for
:
n
u

2
2 1
,
n
n
u n
n
+

6
Let
2
1 e
x
u + ,

d
2 e
d
x
u
u
x
= u
2
1

2
d 1
d 2
u u
x u

2
d 2
d 1
x u
u u

When x = ln 3,
ln3
1 1 3 2 u e + +
When x = 0,
0
1 1 1 2 u e + +
Comments: Another possible form of conjecture is
( )
2
2
1
1 ,
n
n
u n
n
+

. One common mistake is
that students substitute the wrong value for n in the recurrence relation
( )
2
1 2
2
1 2
1
n n
n
u u
n n
+

+
+
:
( )
( )
2
2 1 2
2
1 2 2
2 2 1
u u

+
+
=
29
36
when it should be
( )
( )
2
2 1 2
2
1 2 1
1 1 1
u u

+
+
= 1

1 3
4 4
.
Alternative Soln:
2
2
1
d
3 4 4
1
= d
4 4 3
1
d
(3 2 )(2 1)
1 1 1
d
4 2 1 2 3
1 1 1
ln | 2 1| ln | 2 3|
4 2 2
1 2 1
ln
8 2 3
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x
c
x

+

+
_


+
,
1
+
1
]

+
+

TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions

(ii) Let P
n
be the statement
2
2 1

n
n
u
n

,
n
+

When n = 1, L.H.S. =
1
1 u
(Given)
R.H.S. =
( )
2
2 1 1
1
1

= L.H.S
Therefore, P
1
is true.
Assume P
k
is true for some k
+
i.e.
2
2 1

k
k
u
k

(We need to prove that

( )
1 2
2 1

1
k
k
u
k
+
+

+
)

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
3 2 2 2
2
2
3 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
1 2

1
2 1 1 2

1
2 1 1 1 2
1
2 1 2 1 1 2
1
2 4 2 2 1 1 2
1
2
1
(2 1)
( 1)
2 1

1
k k
k
u u
k k
k k
k
k k
k k k
k k
k k k k
k k
k k k k k k
k k
k k
k k
k k
k k
k
k
+

+
+

+
+
+ +

+
+ + +

+
+ + +

+
+

+
+

+
+

+
Hence P
k
is true P
k+1
is true.
Since P
1
is true and P
k
is true P
k+1
is true, then by mathematical induction, P
n
is true
for all positive integers n.

Comments:
In proving the
1
P
statement, students should show clearly that RHS =
( )
2
2 1 1
1
1

.
Note that RHS = 1 = LHS is not accepted.
In the proof of
1
P :
k+
The following are wrong statements that depict students poor/wrong conceptual understanding of
mathematical induction in proving conjecture of general term.
1 1
P P
k k k
u
+ +
+

(
P
k
refers to a statement/equation not the term
k
u
; By adding
1 k
u
+
shows that student is confused
with the mathematical induction of summation.)
7
Using given recurrence relation
Students who did not
show the intermediate
steps including
expansion, factorization
will lose marks. In a
proof, all working must be
clearly shown.
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
(iii) From given recurrence relation:
( )
2
1 2
2
1 2
1
n n
n
u u
n n
+

+
+
Method 1
Compare with
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2 1 1
1
N
n
n
n n

, thus we need to replace n by n 1 in the recurrence relation:

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2 2
2
1 2 2
1 2 1
1
2 1 1
1
n n
n n
n
u u
n n
n
u u
n n

( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 2 2
2 2
2 1 1
1
N N
n n
n n
n
u u
n n

= ..continue with using MOD (See below)..
Method 2
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
1
2 2
2 2
2 1
2 1 1
2 1

1 1
N N
n n
n
n
n n n n

+

( Replace by +1) n n
( )
1
1
1
N
n n
n
u u

1 2
u u
2 3
1
......

N N
u u
u u

+
+
+
1 N
u u

2
2
2 1
1
2 1
1
N
N
N N

+

10 (a)
8
1
2tan y x

x
y
O
x
x
0.824
In this case, the lower and upper limit will change.
y = and y = are the
asymptotes for the graph
y = 2tan
1
x
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
1
2tan e
x
x

< < when the graph of
x
y e

lies above that of
1
2tan y x

and below
the line
y
.
From the graphs, 0 < x < 0.824
(b)
2
1
3
x x
x

2
3 , 3 x x x x
( )
2
2
2
3 x x x
( ) ( )
2
2
2
3 0 x x x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 0 x x x x x x
1 1
+
] ]

( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 3 0 x x x +
( )
2
1 2 ( 3)( 3) 0 x x x
1
+ +
]
Since ( )
2
1 2 0 for all real values of x x + > ,
we have ( 3)( 3) 0, 3 x x x +
3 3 x
Alternative Method:

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
3
1 and
3
2 3
0 and
3
1 2 3 0
Since 1 2 0 for all real values of ,
3
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x x
x

1
+
]
+ >
< and

( ) ( )
2
2
2
1
3
1 0
3
3
0
3
3 3 ( 3) 0
3 or 3 3
x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x x x
x x

+
>

The solution is 3 3 x

9
2
x
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
11(i) The asymptotes are x = 0, x = 2 and y = 0
(ii)
Using GC, minimum point is at
3
1,
4
_


,
and maximum point is at
1
, 3
2
_

,
.
(iii)
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
12 1 3
12 9
4 3 1 4 1 2 1
x
x
y
x x x x
+

. Curve
2
C
is obtained from curve
1
C
by a
replacement of x by x 1. Thus the transformation is a translation of 1 unit in the positive x-
direction.
(iv)

( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
2
1
2 4 since , lies on 2 1, 2 1
2
65
5 15
4
L p q
p p p q y x q p
p p
_
+ +

,
_
+ + + +

,
+ +
( )
1
2
2
d 1 65
5 15 10 15
d 2 4
L
p p p
p

_
+ + +

,

d
Let 0
d
10 15 0 1.5
L
p
p p

+
Using first derivative test:
1.5

1.5
1.5
+

d
d
L
p

ve 0 + ve

Therefore
1.5 p
gives minimum L.
10
3
1,
4
_


,
0
1
, 3
2
_

,
y
x
y = 0
x = 0 x = 2
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
Alternative Method:
2
65
5 15
4
L p p + +

2
3
= 5 5
2
p
_
+ +

,

Since
2
3
0
2
p
_
+

,
, 5 L .
Hence minimum L occurs when
2
3
0,
2
p
_
+

,
i.e. when
3
2
p .
12 (i)
Any horizontal line y = c, c , cuts the graph of y = f(x) at most one point.
f is one-one and so f
1
exists.
(ii) The graphs of f and f
1
are reflections of each other in the line y = x.
At point of intersection,
f(x) = f
1
(x)
f(x) = x
(ax + b)
2
= x
a
2
x
2
+ (2ab 1)x + b
2
= 0
Since f and f
1
intersect, the quadratic equation has real roots
Discriminant = (2ab 1)
2
4 a
2
b
2
0
4ab + 1 0
4ab 1

1
4
a
b
(shown)
(iii) Range of f = [0, ) [
b
a
, ) = Domain of f
Thus ff exists as a function.
(iv) ff(2) = b
2
f( (2a+ b)
2
) = b
2
[a(2a+ b)
2
+ b]
2
= b
2
a(2a+ b)
2
+ b = b since a > 0 and b > 0
2a+ b = 0
b = 2a (Reject as a > 0 and b > 0)
Thus there is no solution.
11
y
x
0 b
a

y = f(x)
y
x
0 b
a

y = f(x)
TJC 2010 Promo Exam H2 Maths Solutions
13(a)(i)
[ ]
( )
1 1
1
0
0 0
1
0
1
0
ln(1 ) d ln(1 ) d
1
1
ln 2 1 d
1
ln 2 ln 1
ln 2 1 ln 2
2ln 2 1
x
x x x x x
x
x
x
x x
+ +
+
_


+
,
+ 1
]

(ii) Total area of n rectangles =

1 1 2 3
ln 1 ln 1 ln 1 .....ln 1
n
n n n n n
1
_ _ _ _
+ + + + + + +
1
, , , , ]
=
1 1 2 3
ln ln ln .....ln
n n n n n
n n n n n
+ + + + 1
_ _ _ _
+ + +
1
, , , , ]
= ( )
1
1
ln ln
n
r
n r n n
n

1
+ 1
1
]

=
1
1
ln( ) ln
n
r
n r n
n

+

(shown)
Since the curve is concave downwards, total area of the n rectangles is greater than the exact area
under the curve from x = 0 to x = 1, i.e.

1
1
ln( ) ln
n
r
n r n
n

+

>
1
0
ln(1 ) d x x +

= 2ln2 1

1
1
ln( )
n
r
n r
n

+

> 2ln2 1+ln n

1
ln( ) (ln 2ln 2 1)
n
r
n r n n

+ > +

(b) Using GC, the intersection of the 2 curves occurs when x = 0.669, y = 0.51222
Volume of solid generated =
( )
( )
0.51222 1
2
2
0 0.51222
1 d ln d
y
e y y y +

= 0.402 units
3
using GC

12
y
x
1
0
0.51222
Convert to proper fractions
Give the last term.
Need to show detailed working as the
final answer is given in the question.
Sketch the graphs and
shade the required area.