Solution For Rigid Foundation

A mat foundation on medium dense sand, plan
of which is shown alongside, is to be designed.

Assume the column cross sections to be 500 mm
square. We intend to begin by checking
whether the rigid method or the flexible method
applies in this case and proceed with the
appropriate structural design thereafter. We
assume the Youngs moduli of soil and
foundations concrete to be 25 MPa and 25 GPa,
respectively, the Poissons ratio of soil to be
0.25, and the concrete to be of M25 grade.

1. SOLUTION FOR RIGID FOUNDATION:
Unfactored column load = 2000 + (1500 4) + (1000 4) kN = 12000 kN
1.1. CHECK FOR RIGID OR FLEXIBLE DESIGN:

4
1
4
F F
I E
k B
= |
where k = modulus of subgrade reaction (= ) 1 (
2
S S
B E for sand, for which Youngs
modulus, E
s
, is 25 MPa, and Poissons ratio,
s
, is 0.25, given, and width of mat, B, is 10.5 m) B
1

= width of the strip considered (= 3.5 + 0.25 = 3.75 m), E
F
= Youngs modulus for foundation
concrete (= 5000f
ck
= 5000 5 = 25000 MPa for M25 concrete as per IS456 of 2000), I
F
=
Second moment of area of the strip cross section (=B
1
d
3
/12 = 3.75 0.8
3
/12 = 0.16 m
3

assuming the mat thickness to be 0.8 m), leading to m 0.16
0.16 25000 4
54 . 2 75 . 3
1 -
4
=
= | . Thereby
| 75 . 1 is equal to 11.20 m which is greater than distance between two columns in either
direction. Thus it can be now designed as a rigid footing. This footing has no eccentricity as all
the loads are evenly distributed.

Recall that a mat foundation is designed as flexible footing if the column
spacing on either side is greater than | / 75 . 1

and can be designed as rigid
if the column spacing on either side is less than | / 75 . 1
1.2. MODIFIED COLUMN LOAD AND CONTACT PRESSURE CALCULATION
For strip ABCD ( ) kPa 82 . 78 14.5 10.5 12000 = A Q q = = , the average contact pressure at the
left end, kPa 82 . 78 2 ) ( = = +
B A av
q q q and the average contact pressure at the right end,
kPa 82 . 78 2 ) ( = =
D C av
+q q q . Note that these pressures are identical because the loading has no
eccentricity. Thus the average load = ( ) 2
3 2 1 1
+Q +Q B+Q B q
av
= (78.823.7510.5 + 1000 +
1000 + 1500)/2 = 3301.72 kN. Consequently, the column load modification factor = 3301.72 /
(1000 + 1000 + 1500) = 0.94. This modifies the column loads at left, middle and right to 943.35,
1415.03 and 943.35, respectively. Similarly, the modified contact pressure becomes
3301.72/(3.7510.5) = 83.85 kN. Check that sum of all the modified column loads is equal to
3301.72.
1.3. BENDING MOMENT
The bending moment at the edge of the mat is zero. Using the modified column loads and
contact pressure, the maximum negative bending moment (causing tension at top) occurring at
the center of the strip is 383.24 kNm. Similarly the maximum positive bending moment (causing
tension at bottom) occurring at the center of the corner columns is 9.83 kNm.
The area of reinforcement steel can now be calculated using ( ) { } | | bd f f A d A f . M
ck y st st y u
= 1 87 0 .
For instance, for the top fiber reinforcement (to be provided for 383.24 kNm bending moment)
considering Fe415 grade of reinforcement steel and load factor of 1.5, the area of steel,
st
A ,
becomes 2012.64 mm
2
(setting M
u
= 1.538324010
3
Nmm, b = 3750 mm, d = 800 mm). Since
the area calculated for the reinforcement steel is less than the minimum requirement of 0.12 % of
gross cross section, 0.12 % of the gross cross section (3600 mm
2
) needs to be provided in this
case (say, 16# @ 200 mm c/c).
1.4. CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR:

Punching shear force arises in this case because of soil to footing contact pressure
(modified) acting over the shaded areas. Two sketches are shown: one on the left showing
the corner column, while the one on the right represents the column at the middle of the
strip. The force acts over a vertical surface of length ABC (for the corner column) or ABCD
(for the other column) and height equal to the depth of mat.
For instance, for the corner column, the shear force = {3750
2
(500+ d/2)
2
}(83.8510
-3
)}1.5 ~
1666900 N is acting over an area equal to (500+400)2800 = 1440000 mm
2
giving a shear
stress of 1.16 MPa. The shear strength of M25 concrete is
ck
f .25 0 = 1.25 MPa. Thus the
punching shear stress is lower than strength.
1.5. BEARING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CHECK

For the middle
column A
1
comes out to be
3700mm while A
2
is
500mm as shown in the above
figure. Thus A A
2 1
is equal
to 7.4. As this value is greater
than 2 so a minimum value of 2
is to be taken. This gives design bearing strength of concrete as 22.5N/mm
2
. The factored
bearing pressure ( ) column of Area column in Load = pressure Bearing Factored comes out to
be 9N/mm
2
. Similarly for the corner column A
1
and A
2
are same as this column is at the
extreme border of the mat foundation. Thus A A
2 1
is equal to 1. As this value is less than 2
so this value is to be taken. This gives design bearing strength of concrete as 11.25N/mm
2
. The
factored bearing pressure in this case comes out to be 6N/mm
2
.
The calculated bearing pressure in both these sections is less than the design bearing strength of
concrete. So both these sections are safe.
Recall that the bearing strength of concrete is to be calculated from 0.45f

ck
A
1
/A
2

as discussed in the class

Solution For Rigid Foundation

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A mat foundation on medium dense sand, plan

of which is shown alongside, is to be designed.

Recall that the bearing strength of concrete is to be calculated from 0.45f

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