Lesson-1
Introduction to Stability
M
G
BM
KM
HT
EIG
GH
WWEI T
TTO
ON S
DISPLACEMENT
CL
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
Definitions :
Stability
Initial Stability
Overall Stability
Dynamic Stability
STABILITY - THE TENDENCY OF A SHIP TO
ROTATE ONE WAY OR THE OTHER (TO RIGHT
ITSELF OR OVERTURN)
INITIAL STABILITY - THE STABILITY OF A
SHIP IN THE RANGE FROM 0 TO 7/10
OVERALL STABILITY - A GENERAL MEASURE OF
A SHIP'S ABILITY TO RESIST CAPSIZING IN A
GIVEN CONDITION OF LOADING
DYNAMIC STABILITY - THE WORK DONE IN
HEELING A SHIP TO A GIVEN ANGLE OF HEEL
LAWS OF BUOYANCY
A FLOATING OBJECT HAS THE PROPERTY OF
BUOYANCY
A FLOATING BODY DISPLACES A VOLUME
OF WATER EQUAL IN WEIGHT TO THE
WEIGHT OF THE BODY.
LAWS OF BUOYANCY
A FLOATING OBJECT HAS THE PROPERTY
OF BUOYANCY
A FLOATING BODY DISPLACES A VOLUME
OF WATER EQUAL IN WEIGHT TO THE
WEIGHT OF THE BODY.
A BODY IMMERSED (OR FLOATING) IN
WATER WILL BE BUOYED UP BY A FORCE
EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE WATER
DISPLACED.
DISPLACEMENT
THE WEIGHT OF THE VOLUME OF WATER
THAT THE SHIP'S HULL IS DISPLACING
UNITS OF WEIGHT
LONG TON = 2240 LBS = 1016 KG
SHORT TON = 2000 LBS = 907.184 KG
METRIC TON = 2204.72 LBS = 1000 KG
DISPLACEMENT
G
00
DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT
G
B
04
DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT
G
B
09
DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT
G
B
16
DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT
G
B
20
DISPLACEMENT
FORCE: A PUSH OR A PULL. IT TENDS TO
PRODUCE MOTION OR A CHANGE
IN MOTION.
UNITS: TONS, POUNDS, ETC.
PARALLEL FORCES MAY BE COMBINED INTO
ONE FORCE EQUAL TO THE SUM OF ALL
FORCES ACTING IN THE SAME DIRECTION AND
SO LOCATED TO PRODUCE THE SAME EFFECT.
5T
5T
5T
15T
WEIGHT : GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.
UNITS
DIRECTION TOWARD CENTER
OF EARTH
: TONS, POUNDS, etc
MOMENT: THE TENDENCY OF A FORCE TO
PRODUCE ROTATION ABOUT AN
AXIS
d
MOMENT = F x d
VOLUME = NUMBER OF CUBIC UNITS
IN AN OBJECT
UNITS: CUBIC FEET
CUBIC INCHES
CUBIC METRES
V=LxBxD
V = 30 M x 20 M x 6 M
V = 3600 M3
6M
M
0
3
20
M
SPECIFIC VOLUME = VOLUME PER
UNIT WEIGHT
UNITS: METRE CUBIC PER TON
SW = 0.97560976 M3/TON
FW = 1.000 M3/TON
WT = VOLUME
SP.VOL
WT = 3600 M3 / 0.97560977 M3/T
WT = 3600 M3 X 1.025 T/M3
WT = 3698,99 TONS
6M
20
M
M
0
3
V = 3600 M3
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
2. Stability Reference Points
Metacentre
Gravity
Buoyancy
Keel
STABILITY REFERENCE POINTS
Metacenter
Gravity
Buoyancy
K eel
CL
STABILITY REFERENCE POINTS
Mother
Goose
Beats
CL
K ids
THE CENTER OF
BUOYANCY
THE CENTER OF
BUOYANCY
WATERLINE
RESERVE BUOYANCY
B1
B
RESERVE BUOYANCY, FREEBOARD, DRAFT
AND DEPTH OF HULL
WATERLINE
DEPTH
RESERVE BUOYANCY
FREEBOARD
DRAFT
CENTER OF BUOYANCY
WL
BB BBB
CENTER OF BUOYANCY
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
THE CENTER OF
GRAVITY
CENTER OF GRAVITY
POINT AT WHICH ALL WEIGHTS COULD
BE CONCENTRATED.
CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A SYSTEM OF
WEIGHTS IS FOUND BY TAKING
MOMENTS ABOUT AN ASSUMED CENTER
OF GRAVITY, MOMENTS ARE SUMMED
AND DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL WEIGHT
OF THE SYSTEM.
THE CENTER OF
GRAVITY
G1
G
KGo
G1
KGo
KG1
KG1
MOVEMENTS IN THE CENTER
OF GRAVITY
G MOVES TOWARDS A WEIGHT ADDITION
G MOVES AWAY FROM A WEIGHT REMOVAL
G MOVES IN THE DIRECTION OF A WEIGHT
SHIFT
MOVEMENTS IN THE
CENTER OF GRAVITY
G MOVES
TOWARDS
A WEIGHT
ADDITION
G1
G
KGo
KG1
G1
G
KG1
KGo
MOVEMENTS IN THE
CENTER OF GRAVITY
G MOVES AWAY FROM
A WEIGHT REMOVAL
G1
KGo
KG1
G1
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
KG1
KGo
MOVEMENTS IN THE
CENTER OF GRAVITY
G MOVES IN THE DIRECTION OF
A WEIGHT SHIFT
G2
THE METACENTER
METACENTER
THE
METACENTER
B1 B2
M45
M70
B
CL
B20
B45
M20
B70
METACENTER
BBBBBB
B
METACENTER
M
B SHIFTS
MOVEMENTS OF THE
METACENTER
THE METACENTER WILL CHANGE
POSITIONS IN THE VERTICAL PLANE WHEN
THE SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT CHANGES
THE METACENTER MOVES LAW THESE
TWO RULES:
1. WHEN B MOVES UP M MOVES DOWN.
2. WHEN B MOVES DOWN M MOVES UP.
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
M1
M1
M1
M1
B1
M
M
M
M
M
G
G
G
G
G
B
B
B
B
B
0 -7/10
M
CL
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
M20
M
CL
B20
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
M20
M45
M
B
B20
B45
L
C
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
M45
M70
B
CL
B20
B45
M20
B70
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
M45
CL
M70
M90
B20
B45
B90
B70
M20
MOVEMENTS OF THE
METACENTER
THE METACENTER WILL CHANGE
POSITIONS IN THE VERTICAL PLANE WHEN
THE SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT CHANGES
THE METACENTER MOVES LAW THESE
TWO RULES:
1. WHEN B MOVES UP M MOVES DOWN.
2. WHEN B MOVES DOWN M MOVES UP.
MOVEMENT OF
THE METACENTRE
M
M1
B1
G
G
B
B
WHEN B MOVES UP M MOVES DOWN.
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS IN
STABILITY
M
GM
BM
KM
KG
B
KB
CLK
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
3. Stability Triangle
M
THE STABILITY
TRIANGLE
M
M
G
G
B
B
K
CL
CL
THE STABILITY TRIANGLE
MMMM
M
G
G
G
G
B BB
B
K KK
KK
CL CC
LC
LCL
L
BB1B1B1 1
Sin = opp / hyp
Where :
opposite
= GZ
hypotenuse = GM
Sin = GZ / GM
GZ = GM x Sin
Growth of GZ GM
G
M
G1
G
CL
Growth of GZ GM
AS GM DECREASES
RIGHTING ARM
ALSO DECREASES
G1
G
Z1
Z
INITIAL
STABILITY
M
G
B
0 - 7
CL
OVERALL
STABILITY
M
RM = GZ x Wf
CL
B1
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
Z
B1
THE THREE CONDITIONS
OF STABILITY
POSITIVE
G M
B1
G
NEUTRAL
B1
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE STABILITY
M
CL
POSITIVE STABILITY
M
CL
Z
B1
NEUTRAL STABILITY
G
CL
NEUTRAL STABILITY
M
CL
B1
NEGATIVE STABILITY
G
M
CL
NEGATIVE STABILITY
G
M
CL
B1
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
RIGHTING ARMS (FT)
RIGHTING ARM CURVE
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ANGLE OF HEEL (DEGREES)
WL
WL
60
40
20
G
Z
B
GZ = 1.4 FT
80
Z
B
GZ = 2.0 FT
Z
B
GZ = 1 FT
90
RIGHTING ARMS (FT)
ANGLE OF
MAXIMUM
RIGHTING
ARM
MAXIMUM RIGHTING
ARM
DANGER
ANGLE
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ANGLE OF HEEL (DEGREES)
MAXIMUM
RANGE OF
STABILITY
80
WL
W
WL
60
40
20
G
Z
B
GZ = 1.4 FT
Z
B
GZ = 2.0 FT
Z
B
GZ = 1 FT
90
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
LONGITUDINAL CROSS SECTION
CALCULATIVELIMITINGNAVIGATIONAL
MP
AP
20
9
8
FP
PROJ
30
9
8
7
26
5
4
30
9
8
7
20
9
8
DWL
BL
LBP
CLASS TOPICS
1. Definitions
2. Stability Reference Points
3. Stability Triangle
4. Conditions of Stability
5. Stability Curve
6. Ships Hull Markings
7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves
8. Model
17
16
15
14
DRAFT DIAGRAM AND FUNCTIONS OF FORM
MOMENT TO
ALTER TRIM
ONE INCH
(FOOT-TONS) DISPLACEMENT
(TONS)
800
750
13
700
650
12
600
11
550
TRANSERSE
TONS
METACENTER
PER
ABOVE BOTTOM
OF KEEL
INCH
(FT)
(TONS/IN)
4000
LONGITUDINAL
CENTER OF
BUOYANCY
(FEET)
FORWARD
DRAFT
MARKS
(FT)
17
KM
22.2 W o
TP
I
AFTER
DRAFT
MARKS
(FT)
33
22.3
22.4
MT
3500
1"
22.5
22.6
3000
22.7
22.8
2550
32
31
30
29
28
B
LC
5
4
3
2
1
15
14
1
2
3
4
5
CURVE OF CENTER OF FLOTATION
30 20 10
F
LC
Length Between Draft Marks 397' 0"
DRAFT FWD = 14 FT 6 IN
DRAFT AFT = 16 FT 3 IN
Wo = 3850 TONS
MT1" = 778 FT-TONS/IN
16
KM = 22.28 FT
TPI = 32.7 TONS/IN
LCB = 3.5 FT AFT
LCF = 24 FT AFT
13
12
11
FFG 7
CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY
CENTER OF GRAVITY ASSUMED
19.0 FT ABOVE THE BASELINE
3.0
RIGHTING ARMS (FT)
2.5
50
45
2.0
1.5
1.0
55
40
60
30
20
15
0.5
3000
10
3500
4000
4500
DISPLACEMENT (TONS)
10o = .55 FT
15o = .85 FT
20o = 1.1 FT
30o = 1.73 FT
40o = 2.35 FT
45o = 2.55 FT
50o = 2.6 FT
55o = 2.5 FT
60o = 2.3 FT
RIGHTING ARMS (FT)
10o = .55 FT
15o = .85 FT 5
20o = 1.1 FT
30o = 1.73 FT
40o = 2.35 FT
45o = 2.55 FT 4
50o = 2.6 FT
55o = 2.5 FT
60o = 2.3 FT 3
STATICAL STABILITY CURVE PLOTTING SHEET
X X X
X
X
X
0X
10
20
30
40
50
57.3
60
70
ANGLE OF INCLINATION - DEGREES
80
90
