Contents: Introduction Modeling Features Analysis Control Results
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Prestressed Concrete with FCM Bridge
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1. Principales Caractersticas Son construidos con seccin cajn post-tensados. Son generalmente usados en un terreno donde los obstculos tales como ros, caminos y arroyos estn por debajo del puente, lo cul representa una dificultad en la instalacin de la cimbra convencional. Este tipo de puentes se usan generalmente para puentes con claros grandes, y tpicamente van acompaados de grandes pilas. Debido a que involucra cantilivers balanceados en una pila, a veces se refieren a este tipo de puentes como puentes balanceados.
midas Civil
Prestressed Concrete with FCM Bridge
1. Introduction Balanced Cantilever (FCM) Bridge
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Prestressed Concrete with FCM Bridge
1. Caractersticas del modelo
Materiales: Concreto Secciones Cajn fc= 400 kg/cm2 Concreto Pilas del Puente fc= 270 kg/cm2 Acero para Torones A416-270(Low) ASTM (S)
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Modeling Features
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2. Modeling Features Modeling of Bridge can be done in Midas Civil by: General Modeling Procedure Using wizards
Modeling of the bridge will be done by :
FCM wizard ( Balanced Cantilever Bridge )
**Wizard can be applied to the bridge which is constructed through the typical construction process. Other types of bridges should be modeled by general modeling process
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Prestressed Concrete with FCM Bridge
1. Wizard FCM Tipo de Puente: 3 claros continuos en doble voladizo Claros: L = 85.0 + 130.0 + 85.0 = 300.0 m Ancho: B = 12.7 m (2 lneas) Esviaje: 90 (perpendicular)
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Construction Sequence of FCM Bridge :
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Pier Section: Define the section for the Pier
Stage Duration: stage duration for the construction of the balanced cantilever bridge Method: Define the method of construction as Cast in Situ or precast sections
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Number of Piers: Define the number of piers
Radius: Define the radius of the circle if the bridge is horizontally curved
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Pier Table: Advanced option:
In the advanced option of the Pier table you can define the type of diaphragm as Single Diaphragm or double diaphragm and various parameters associated with them.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Key Segment: The length of the key segment can be
defined. Advanced option: Here the length of the key segment as well the elements straight ( constant depth ) to the Left and right can be defined.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
FSM:
Here the FSM which is generally constructed as a part
of balanced cantilever construction can be defined on the left and the right of the balanced cantilever construction
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Zones: Here the zones of the balanced cantilever bridge i.e. the profile of the bridge on the left and the right side of the pier can be defined. Advanced option: If the balanced cantilever bridge has different zone profile on different piers the it can be defined in the advanced option
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Pier Table Placing:
Here the construction delay between the piers can be defined, which would be responsible for varying time dependent effects on the structure. If we define the time delay between the construction of pier 2 as 60 days, it means that pier 2 and the Corresponding elements ( zones ) are constructed 60 days after.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Member Age: Here you can define the activation age of the elements i.e. the age when the elements would become the structural Component of the bridge.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Type 1 and Type 2:
If the default section is to be used for the modeling then Type 1 can be used but if the database section is to be used for modeling then Type 2 can be used. When type 2 is selected the user must define the section as the PSC section in the Section definition of midas Civil.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Include Wet concrete Load
If the wet concrete load ( in the case of Cast-in-situ ) is to Be considered for the analysis.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Parameters for Tendon Placement:
Define the geometric parameters of the location of the Tendons.
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Modeling Features
3. FCM Bridge Wizard
Model -> Structure Wizard -> FCM Bridge
Web Tendon:
Check on this option to define the web tendons.
Tendon Number: Select the number of Tendons for each location
User defined section: The section can be imported from Autocad or can be modeled in the special module of midas Civil known as Section Property Calculator or SPC. The following are the general steps: 1. Tools -> Section Property Calculator 2. Define the geometry of the section ( or import from Autocad ) 3. Generate the section in SPC 4. Export the section from SPC to midas section file. 5. Import the section in midas Civil
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Modeling Features
5. PSC Sections - User Defined
Important Considerations:
1. The units must be consistent with the Autocad File
2. For the definition of Tapered Sections, Number of Points must be same
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5. PSC Sections Tapered Sections
Tapered Sections for PSC Bridges: There are 2 ways in which the tapered sections can be modeled in midas civil: 1.
Tapered section tab: We can define the tapered section in the tapered tab of the section definition.
2.
PSC Bridge Wizard: The PSC bridge wizard is a robust and easy method of making the tapered sections in midas civil.
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Modeling Features
5. PSC Sections Tapered Sections
Tapered Sections for PSC Bridges: 1.
Tapered Section Tab:
Model-> Properties -> Section -> Tapered Tab
The sections can be defined in tapered section tab or the Sections can be defined in the PSC tab and imported as I and J end of the tapered section.
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5. PSC Sections Tapered Sections
Tapered Sections for PSC Bridges: 1.
Tapered Section Tab:
Model -> Properties -> Tapered Section Group
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Prestressed Concrete with FCM Bridge
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6. Reinforcement to PSC Sections
Reinforcement in the PSC sections: The reinforcements in the PSC sections can be defined in the section manager: Model -> Properties -> Section Manager-> Reinforcements
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6. Reinforcement to PSC Sections
Reinforcement in the PSC sections: The reinforcements defined in the PSC sections can be used to calculate the stiffness of the Section. Analysis -> Main Control Data
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Modeling Features
7. Tendon Profile Definition
Tendon Profile can be defined in 2D and 3D as per the following reference axis: Straight Curve Element Straight: the x-direction (the reference line from which tendon coordinates are defined) of TCS for tendon placement is considered as a straight line.
Curve: the x-direction (the reference line from which tendon
coordinates are defined) of TCS for tendon placement is considered as a curved line. Element: Tendon location is converted into Element Coordinate System and applied.
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Modeling Features
7. Tendon Profile Definition
X axis rotation angle: With the help of this function a tendon defined at the centroid of the Section can be assigned to the web with rotation and offset.
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Modeling Features
7. Tendon Profile Definition
Element Reference Axis: The Profile is define with respect to the element. So if the element profile is curved, this option is used as:
Then : 1. The total length of the tendon in red ( shown by midas in tendon weight table) would be more than actual and tendon in yellow will be less than actual. 2. The Element option does not consider friction loss due to horizontal curvature. So, if you need to consider the friction loss due to horizontal curvature, you should user the Curve option.
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Modeling Features
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8. Tendon Profile Export/Import with dxf
Tendon Export/Import with Autocad (*.dxf) :
The tendon can be exported/imported with Autocad in midas civil
1. Export: For exporting the tendon, select the tendon in the Tendon definition dialogue box and then hit export to dxf.
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8. Tendon Profile Export/Import with dxf
Tendon Export/Import with Autocad (*.dxf) :
The tendon can be exported/imported with Autocad in midas civil
2.
Import: For importing the tendons from the autocad, the tendon profile generator is used.
The following steps must be followed:
1. Tools-> Tendon Profile Generator 2. Open the dxf file in which the tendon profile is defined 3. Select the tendon profile and define the required parameters 4. Click > Add 5. Click -> Ok, the text file will be generated 6. Copy the contents of the text file and paste to MCT and then hit run.
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9. Effective Width Scale Factor
Effective Width Scale Factor:
Effective Width Scale Factor can be used to consider the effect of shear lag The effective width scale factor can be defined by: 1.
Automatic definition: The automatic definition of the Effective width scale factor is supported for AASHTO LRFD code and can be defined in PSC Bridge wizard
2.
Manual definition: The manual definition of the effective width scale factor can be done in effective width scale factor as the boundary
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10. Loading Load Data:
The following are the loads that are supposed to act on the bridge during the construction: Self weight Weight of the wet concrete Form Traveler weight Prestress Loads Additional loads include: Settlement Effects Creep and Shrinkage effects Temperature Loads
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10. Loading USE: The self weight of the structure is automatically considered when the element is acivated.
TYPE: The self weight can be applied to X, Y and Z direction.
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10. Loading How to Model Wet Concrete Load: 1. Elements Load must be activated in the construction stage in which it is casted by nodal loads or moments if needed.
2. When the scaffolding is removed, nodal load defined in 1 must be deactivated and element must be activated. The self weight function will now automatically consider the weight of the element. 3. Self Weight must be activated at day 1 of the 1st constructions stage
Scaffolding
Scaffolding
CS 8 Elements casted on day 7
CS 9
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Modeling Features
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10. Loading
CS 8 : Activating the wet concrete and
scaffolding weight on day 7
CS 9 : Activating the Element
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10. Loading Form Traveler Load: Form traveler load can be defined as the nodal loads.
Temperature Loads: Can be defined as system temperature or the beam section temperature. Beam Section Temperature can be defined in Loads -> Temperature Loads -> Beam Section Temperature
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10. Loading Time Load:
In midas Civil you can apply the time load to a structure to impose time load to specific members to reflect the time dependent material properties relative to the contiguous members.
Pier 1 Construction Schedule of Pier 1 : T = 0 days to T= 180 days. Construction Schedule of Pier 2 : T = 60 days to T = 240 days.
Pier 2
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10. Loading
CS 9 : Deactivating the load
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Analysis Control
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1. Tendon Tension Loss Effect
Check on to reflect the effect of
prestressing tension loss of tendons due to creep and shrinkage.
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Analysis Control
2. Rebar Confinement Effect
Check on to reflect the effect
of rebar confinement for creep and shrinkage.
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Analysis Control
3. Stress Decrease at Lead Length Zone
Select a method of computing stresses over a transfer length in a post-tension model. This feature is applicable only when a Transfer Length is entered in the Tendon Profile dialog. If Composite section for Construction Stages is used this function cannot be applied.
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Analysis Control
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4. Change of Beam Section Properties with Tendons
Select whether to consider the presence of tendons for calculating section properties.
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Results
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1. Secondary effects of Prestressing, Creep & Shrinkage
Tendon Primary represents member forces caused by tendon prestress forces. Tendon Secondary represents member forces resulting from tendon prestress forces acting in an indeterminate structure
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2. PSC Stresses PSC stresses can be obtained at 10 locations: Components Axial stress Bending stress Shear stress principal stress
Normal Stress (Summation)
Principal Stress
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Results
3. Tendon Time Dependent Loss Table
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Results
3. Tendon Time Dependent Loss Table
Stress in the tendon after instantaneous loss.
Post Tensioned Beams: Instantaneous loss includes : Friction Loss Anchorage Loss ** Elastic Shortening loss is considered to have taken place already during prestressing Pre Tensioned Beams : Elastic Shortening Loss only due to prestressing ( not due to self weight)
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Results
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3. Tendon Time Dependent Loss Table
Anchorage Loss
Where: p is the frictional resistance per unit length determined the friction loss between the anchorage and quarter length of the beam and dividing it by L/4 Friction Loss:
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3. Tendon Time Dependent Loss Table
Other types of elastic shortening losses, which are caused by subsequent loadings (self weight, live loads, creep, shrinkage, etc.) after the prestressing force is applied, are included.
Elastic Shortening due to prestressing of other tendons is included:
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Results
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3. Tendon Time Dependent Loss Table
Tendon Loss due to creep and Shrinkage
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3. Tendon Time Dependent Loss Table
Tendon Loss due to Relaxation of Tendon
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4. Tendon Elongation Tendon Elongation: Results -> Result Tables -> Tendon -> Tendon Elongation Tendon Elongation required in the field for obtaining a desired level of prestressing can be obtained from the program. The total elongation which the tendon has to achieve during stressing should be calculated as: l_tot = l_p + l_c + l_sl + l_e l_p: elongation of the tendon l_c: elastic deformation of the concrete (shortening must be treated as a positive value) l_sl: sum of anchor plates impressions and dead end wedge slip according anchorage type applied l_e: elongation of the prestressing steel in the jack and seating device (if applicable)
Tendon elongation calculated by the program consists of l_p, l_c, and l_sl.The summation of l_p and l_sl is shown in the tendon elongation. And, l_c is separately shown in the element elongation
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Results
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5. FCM Camber FCM Camber: In structural design, camber refers to a pre-fabricated / pre-designed shape which enables the members maintain a stress-free state in order for the member to reach a targeted shape at a specified time.
