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IS 12368 (1988): Guidelines for Design and Construction of
Hot Air Generators [MTD 26: Industrical Fuel Fired
Furnaces]
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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
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IS : 12368 - 1988
UDC 6691832123
(Reaffirmed 2000)
lhdian Standard
GUIDELINES FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
HOT AIR GENERATORS
1. Scope generators.
Covers general guidelines
-The
2. Design
Parameters
designing the hot air generator:
for design and construction
following
basic
performance
OF
of direct
parameters
fired
forced
draft
hot
need to be specified
air
for
a) Heat release in kcal/h;
b) Temperature
c) Quantity
of hot air at the outlet of the generator
of hot air in m3/h at K (C );
d) Pressure of hot air at the outlet of the generator
e) Ambient
in K ,( C );
temperature
in K ( C );
f) Estimated fuel consumption
g) Fuel to be Used -
in mm WG;
in kg/h or m3/s;
Furnace oil/LDO/Gas;
h) Electric Supply Characteristics preheaters and motors; or
and
440 V, 3-phase, 4 wire, 50 cycles, a.c. supply for electric
220 V/l 10 V single phase, a.c. supply for control
oil
equipment.
- The hot air generator shall consist of three segments, that is, combus3. General Construction
tion chamber, conical venturi mixing chamber and outlet chamber.
The circular combustion
chamber
will have the burner wall at one end. The burner shall be fitted on to the burner wall at one end
of the combustion chamber which will fire directly into the chamber. The combustion chamber shall be
made of two concentric shells wherein the inner shell lined with refractory material, will work as combustion chamber and the dilution air will be forced through the annular gap available between the two
concentric shells.
Dilution air is forced into the air heater with the help of a forced draught centrifugal
fan which will mix with the products of combustion
in the conical venturi mixing chamber, also
Hot air at desired temperature and quantity
will emanate from the
lined with insulation
material.
outlet chamber which is also normally
lined with insulation
material.
The outlet chamber will be
provided with an access door for inspection and maintenance.
The air heater should be horizontal type
and should be complete with an outlet flange with suitable bolt holes for connecting
it to the plant
equipment with the help of connecting duct.
Q. Constructional
Details
4.1 For constructional
features for
following
guidelines are suggested:
a) Dimensionally
1) Length burner, and
the combustion
Not less than
2) Nominal Diameter -
steel
casing
and
chamber should
the
maximum
lining
with
refractory/insulation
meet the following
flame
length
Not less than 2 times the maximum
at the
highest
thickness
of mild steel shell plate for the burner wall should
d) Minimum
10 mm;
thickness
of connecting
flanges
firing
rate of the
possible flame djameter;
c) Minimum
steel
the
requirement:
b) Minimum thickness of mild steel shell plated for the combustion
chamber
outer shells), conical venturi mixing chamber and the outlet chamber should
mild
material,
between
( both inner
be 5 mm;
and
be 8 mm;
segments/sections
should
be
e) Inside of combustion chamber shell should be lined with dense quality refractory bricks having
230 mm
total minimum lining thickness of 230 mm. End burner wall should be lined*with
dense quality brick backed with 115 mm thick layer of light weight insulation brick; and
Adopted
18 April
0 September
1988
1988,
BUREAU
MANAK
Gr
BIS
I
OF
BHAVAN,
INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR SHAH
NEW DELHI 110002
ZAFAR
MARG
AMENDMENT NO. 1 JUNE 2011
TO
IS 12368 : 1988 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HOT
AIR GENERATORS
[Page 1, clause 2(f)] Substitute the following for the existing:
Estimated fuel consumption in kg/hour for fuel oil or Nm3/hour for fuel gas.
[Page 1, clause 4.1(e), line 1] Substitute the following for the existing:
Depending on the temperature inside of combustion chamber, the shell should be lined with dense quality
refractory bricks having.
(Page 2, clause 5.3, last sentence) Substitute the following for the existing:
Blower will be arranged with direct/V-belt drive through a suitable motor. Following details shall be.
(Page 3, clause 6, Title) Substitute the following for the existing:
Accessories.
[Page 3, clause 6.4(b)] Substitute the word PID for pl.
(Page 3, clause 6.5) Add the following new clauses:
6.5.1 Auto ignition equipment (for gaseous fuel) It consists of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Spark ignitor,
HT Cable,
Transformer, and
Gas solenoid valve.
6.5.2 Fuel oil It consists of:
a) Pilot gas burner
b) Regulated LPG supply (through plant LPG supply or LPG cylinder
banks,
c) Gas solenoid valve,
d) Oil solenoid valve,
e) Spark ignitor;
f) HG cable,
Amend No. 1 to IS 12368 : 1988
g)
h)
i)
j)
Ignition transformer,
Adustable valve for Gas flow,
Adjustable valve for Pilot air; and
Pilot air & gas pipelines.
[Page 3, clause 6.7(c)] Add the following at the end:
d) Gas pressure switch or contact type gas pressure gauge with isolation valve.
(Page 4, clause 6.9, Title) Add the following words at the end:
for Fuel Oil Tank.
(Page 4, clause 6.10) Add the following new clause:
6.11 Gas Train Equipment It consist of the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Manual shut-off valve
Gas governor
Safety shut-off valve
Low gas pressure switch
High gas pressure switch
Pressure gauge with 2-way cock.
[Page 4, clauses 7.1(a) and 7.1(b)] Substitute 10C for 5C and 5 percent for 2
percent.
(Page 4, Explanatory Note, second and third para) Substitute the following for the existing:
Hot air generators are also used for central heating systems based on oil/gas/solid fuel firing.
Hot air generators are oil/gas/solid fuel burning appliances fitted with combustion air blowers, dilution air
blowers and fuel firing equipment such as burners and accessories. In case of oil firing system, it also
includes oil pumping and heating units and atomizing air blowers.
(MTD 26)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
IS : 12368 - 1988
f) For mixing
and outlet chambers the following
lining
pattern is suggested:
1)
Up to 200C hot gas temperature the inside face of steel shell may not be lined
insulation material.
The outer surface of the steel shell should,
however,
be lagged
50 mm thick mineral wool blanket;
2)
Above 200C but less than 500C hot gas temperatures, the inner face of steel shell
be lined with minimum 115 mm thick insulation bricks; and
3) For 500C and above,
bricks.
5. Essential
the
lining
thickness
should
be minimum
230
with
with
should
mm of insulation
Equipment
5.0 The following
equipments
are required
besides the mild steel shell and lining
materials.
5.1 Combusiion Equipment - It shall conisist of an oil/gas burner having the size and capacity
patible for use with furnace.
It shall be complete with accessories, such as cast iron front
flexible oil pipe, ratiotrol butterfly valves for combustion/atomizing
air.
complate,
steel plate blower complete
with casing and
5.2 Combustion Air Blower - It shall be centrifugal
impeller fabricated from mild steel sheets suitably
reinforced, wherever necessary.
The blower will
Following
details shall be indicated on
be arranged for direct/V-belt
drive through a suitable motor.
the blower:
a)
b)
cl
4
4
Blower
Capacity
model,
( m3/h ),
Pressure mm at Ha0 ( gauge ),
Motor rating
( kW ), and
Type of drive.
type of blower is required only in case of liquid fuel and air atomizing
5.3 Atomizing Air Blower -This
type burner using low/medium
pressure air. If fitted, it shall be a centrifugal steel plate blower, complete
with casing and impeller, fabricated from mild steel sheets suitably
reinforced,
wherever
necessary.
The blower will be arranged for direct belt drive through a suitable motor.
Following
details shall be
indicated on the blower:
a)
b)
cl
d)
e)
Blower
Capacity
model,
( m3/h ),
Pressure mm H,O ( gauge ),
Motor rating
( kW),
and
Type of drive.
It shall be a centrifugal
steel plate blower complete
with casing and
5.4 Dilution Air Blowerimpeller, fabricated from mild steel sheets and suitably
reinforced,
wherever
necessary.
The blower
will be arranged for direct/V-belt
drive through a suitable motor. Following
details shall be indicated
on the blower:
4
b)
cl
d)
4
Blower
model,
Capacity ( m3/h ),
Pressure mm of Ha0 ( ww
Motor rating ( kW ), and
1r
Type of drive.
5.5 Composite Pumping and Heating Unit consist of the following:
a)
b)
4
Rotary gear oil pumps complete
Electric oil preheater complete
Suction
It is required
only for heavy
with relief valve and motor but without
with thermostat,
side filter,
d) Delivery side filter,
4
f)
9)
grade
Pressure regulating valve,
Pressure gauge with cock, and
Inter-connecting
pipework between
pump and preheaters, etc.
2
oil
as fuel.
starter,
It shall
IS:12368-1988
5.5.1 The pumping and heating
Switchgears for control of motors
generator supply.
unit shall be mounted on a fabricated
frame work with drip tray.
as well as heaters may not necessarily form a part of hot air
5.5.2 The pumping and heating unit can be either of simplex or duplex type.
In duplex
sets of pumps, heaters and filters have to be provided, and one set remains as standby.
type,
two
5.5.3 In case light distillate oil is used as fuel, requiring no preheating for effective
atomization.
pumping
unit
cornpositing
heating and pumping
unit may be substituted
with a composite
( heater elements excluded ).
-
the
only
6. Optiona
I Accessories
6.1 Air Ducting - It may be fitted between the combustion
burner; and from the dilution air fan to the hot air generator.
6.2 Oil Pipework
burner.
6.3 Automatic
4
b)
It is required
Temperature
Thermocouple
Controller
from
composite
Control Equipment
with compensating
( on/off
pumping
It consists
air blower/atomizing
and
heating
air blower
unit/pumping
unit
and the
to
the
of:
cable,
or PI ),
cl Control motor with linkage,
d) Air flow control valve, and
Fuel flow regulating
6.4 Over-ride
Temperature
valve.
Control Equipment
It consists of:
a) Thermocouple,
b) Controller
c) Solenoid
6.5 Gas/Electric
( on/off
or PI ), and
valve with by pass assembly.
Ignition
a) Gas/electric
Equipment
It consists of:
ignitor,
b) HT cable,
c) Transformer,
and
d) 6 mm solenoid
valve ( gas ).
6.6 Flame Failure Equipment
a) Photo electric
and
c) Solenoid
valve.
a)
b)
c)
It consists
of:
cell ( UV type),
b) Amplifier,
6.7 Safety Device -
It consists of:
Oil pressure switch or contact type oil pressure gauge with isolation
Low oil temperature
Low combustion
air pressure switch
air pressure switch
( temperaturestat
valve,
), and
or contact type air pressure gauge.
6.8 Instrument Panel - It shall be fitted with relays and alarm system for the above safety devices
and shall house controllers of automatic temperature control and over-ride
temperature
control.
The
panel may also be provided with multipoint
alarm annuciator
for audiovisual
alarm in case of fault
0
condition.
3
IS : 12368 - 1988
6.9 Outflow Heater with Thermostat and Thermometer
6.10 Oil Service Tank and manhole.
7. Performance
Complete with
oil level indicator,
oil inlet, outlet,
overflow
and
drains,
vent
Guarantee
7.1 The following
characteristics
may be declared and guaranteed
performance of the hot air generator within the specified tolerances:
by the
manufacturer
towards
a) Hot Air
Temperature
tolerance
Volume tolerance
: f
5C
: f
2 percent
b) Specific Fuel
Consumption tolerance : f 5 percent
( at rated capacity throughout considering
value of fuel).
a tolerance
EXPLANATORY
limit
industrial
furnaces for supply
Hot air generators
systems.
with
burning/gas
Hot air generators are primarily
oil
blowers ( in case of liquid fuels ), dilution
oil
4 percent
in the
heating
NOTE
Hot air generators are used with
enable it to burn the fuel efficiently.
are also used
of f
burning
of hot air to
heat
installations
for
burning
appliances
fitted with air blowers,
air blower, and pumping and heating unit.
the
furnace
central
to
heating
atomizing
air
4
Printed at Printrade, New Delhi, India
