Quantitative Analysis
{ Unit 6
6.1 The Mole
6.2 Molar Mass
6.3 Percent Composition
6.1
The Mole
Essential Question: How do we count things too small to
see?
Mastery Skill: I can convert between the number of particles
and moles of particles.
Mole: The chemists dozen.
6.02 x
23
10
things
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 things
A convenient way of counting a huge number of
things.
Mole: The amount of a substance that contains
6.02x1023 particles of that substance.
1 mole of grains of sand would fill the Empire State
building 600,000 times.
Avogadros Number
How do I find the number of particles from the number of moles?
How many trucks are in 3.0 moles of
trucks?
What are our knowns?
1 mol trucks = 6.02 x 1023 trucks
Going from moles of trucks trucks
6.02 1023
3.0
= 1.8 1024
1
Using Dimensional Analysis
Yes, its back!
How many cats are in 0.25 moles of cats?
What are our knowns?
23 cats
1 mol cats = 6.02 x 10
Going from moles of cats cats
6.02 1023
0.25
= 1.51 1023
1
Practice Some Mole
A)
B)
C)
D)
6.02x1023 shoes
6.02x1024 shoes
6.02x10-23 shoes
6.02x10-24 shoes
How many shoes are in 1
mole of shoes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
1.2x1024 shoes
3.01x1023 shoes
3.01x1011.5 shoes
6.02x1011.5 shoes
How many shoes are in 0.5
mole of shoes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
4.01x1023 shoes
3.01x1023 shoes
9.03x1023 shoes
6.02x1023 shoes
How many shoes are in 1.5
mole of shoes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
1 mole Xbox Ones
3.01x1023 Xbox Ones
9.03x1023 Xbox Ones
0.5 moles Xbox Ones
How many moles of Xbox
Ones are in 3.01x1023 Xbox
Ones?
A)
B)
C)
D)
0.5 moles Xbox Ones
1.0 moles Xbox Ones
1.5 moles Xbox Ones
2.0 moles Xbox Ones
How many moles of Xbox
Ones are in 1.8x1024 Xbox
Ones?
Quantitative Analysis
{ Unit 6
6.1 The Mole
6.2 Molar Mass
6.3 Percent Composition
6.2
Molar Mass
Essential Question: How do we count things too small to
see?
Mastery Skill: I can calculate the molar mass of a compound
using the Periodic Table.
Mastery Skill: I can write an empirical formula given any
molecular formula.
Look at atomic masses on the periodic table.
What do they represent?
Two problems:
Atomic masses do not convert easily to grams.
They cant be weighed. (They are too small)
Lets use the mole!
Molar Mass
The atomic mass of an element in grams is the
mass of one mole of the element.
Ex. 12.01 g of C = 6.02x1023 atoms of carbon
12.01 g/mol
Ex. 16.00 g of O = 6.02x1023 atoms of oxygen
16.00 g/mol
One mole quantities of (from left to right) the elements copper, aluminum, sulfur and
the compounds potassium dichromate, water, and copper(II) chloride dihydrate
What is the molar mass of iron?
Fe = 55.8 g/mol
What is the molar mass of H2O?
H = 1.0 g/mol x 2 = 2.0 g/mol
O = 16.0 g/mol x 1 = 16.0 g/mol
18.0 g/mol
A)
B)
C)
D)
1 g/mol
6.02x1023 C
12 g/mol
6 g/mol
What is the gram formula
mass of C?
A)
B)
C)
D)
35.45 g/mol
17 g/mol
1 g/mol
34 g/mol
What is the gram formula
mass of Cl?
A)
B)
C)
D)
38 g
58.4 g
38 g/mol
58.4 g/mol
What is the gram formula
mass of NaCl?
A)
B)
C)
D)
51.5 g/mol
86.9 g/mol
33.0 g/mol
26.0 g/mol
What is the gram formula
mass of OF2?
A)
B)
C)
D)
152.3 g/mol
308.7 g/mol
154.3 g/mol
171.3 g/mol
What is the gram formula
mass of Ba(OH)2?
A)
B)
C)
D)
111.1 g/mol
132.3 g/mol
264.6 g/mol
108.7 g/mol
What is the gram formula
mass of (NH4)2SO4?
Convert between moles and mass
Ex. How many moles are in 25g of NH3?
Step 1: Annotate
Convert between moles and mass
Ex. How many moles are in 25g of NH3?
Step 2: Write equation
Convert between moles and mass
Ex. How many moles are in 25g of NH3?
Step 3: Make a list
moles = ?
mass = 25g
gram-formula mass = 17.0 g/mol
Convert between moles and mass
Ex. How many moles are in 25g of NH3?
Step 4: Substitute
=
. /
Convert between moles and mass
Ex. How many moles are in 25g of NH3?
Step 5: Solve and Check!
= 1.47 mol NH3
-Makes sense because we have more mass than
the mass for 1 mole.
You Try!
How many grams are in 1.7 moles of MgCl2?
An empirical formula gives the proportions of the elements
present in a compound but not the actual numbers or
arrangement of atoms..
Compound:
Glucose
Acetic Acid
Octane
Molecular Formula:
C6H12O6
C2H4O2
C8H18
Empirical Formula:
CH2O
CH2O
C4H9
Empirical Formula
A)
B)
C)
D)
3.13 mol O2
0.32 mol O2
100 mol O2
50 mol O2
How many moles are in 100g
of O2?
A)
B)
C)
D)
0.007 mol KCl
0.25 mol KCl
156.4 mol KCl
0.006 mol KCl
How many moles are in
0.25g of KCl?
A)
B)
C)
D)
99.4 g NF3
0.01 g NF3
5.6 g NF3
1.4 g NF3
How many grams are in 1.4
moles of NF3?
Numerical answer
How many grams are in 0.8
moles of H2SO4?
A)
B)
C)
D)
C 2H 4
CH2
C 4H 8
CH
What is the empirical formula
for C2H4?
A)
B)
C)
D)
C 2H 4
CH2
C 4H 8
CH
What is the empirical formula
for C4H8?
A)
B)
C)
D)
C 2H 4
CH2
C 3H 8
CH
What is the empirical formula
for C3H8?
A)
B)
C)
D)
C4H12O6
C 2H 6O 3
CHO
CH2O3
What is the empirical formula
for C4H12O6?
Quantitative Analysis
{ Unit 6
6.1 The Mole
6.2 Molar Mass
6.3 Percent Composition
6.3
Percent Composition
Essential Question: How do we count things too small to
see?
Mastery Skill: I can calculate the percent composition of any
compound using the Periodic Table.
The relative amounts of the elements in a
compound are expressed as the percent
composition (by mass).
Percent Composition
Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7
26.5%
35.4%
Cr
O
K
38.1%
Chromium sulfate, Cr2(SO4)3
40.3%
26.8%
S
32.9%
Breathalyzer Test
Cr
Percent Composition
What is the percent composition of
hydrogen (%H) in C3H8?
Step 1: Annotate
Percent Composition Example
What is the percent composition of
hydrogen (%H) in C3H8?
Step 2: Write equation
% =
x100%
38
Percent Composition Example
What is the percent composition of
hydrogen (%H) in C3H8?
Step 3: Make a list
%H = ?
mass of H = 1.01x8 = 8.08g/mol
mass of C3H8 = 12.01x3+1.01x8 = 44.11 g/mol
Percent Composition Example
What is the percent composition of
hydrogen (%H) in C3H8?
Step 4: Substitute
% =
8.08 /
x100%
44.11 /
Percent Composition Example
What is the percent composition of
hydrogen (%H) in C3H8?
Step 5: Solve and Check!
% =
8.08 /
100%
44.11 /
= 18.3%H
-This makes sense because hydrogen is light compared
to carbon.
Percent Composition Example
A)
B)
C)
D)
20%
80%
0.2%
0.8%
What is the %C in CO2?
Numerical Answer
What is the %Na in Na2O?
Numerical Answer
What is the %N in NH3?
A)
B)
C)
D)
100%
25%
50%
Impossible to tell
The %composition of S and
O in SO3 should add up to
what %?
A)
B)
C)
D)
HCl
KCl
LiCl
NaCl
Which compound has the
smallest percent composition
by mass of chlorine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
H 2O
Li2O
K2O
Fr2O
Which compound has the
largest percent composition
by mass of oxygen?
