OIL SPCC PLAN GUIDANCE DOCUMENT For Aboveground Storage Tank Facilitie

Maine DEP Nove!ber" #$$%

The following information was prepared to assist owners and operators of Maine facilities that may require a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. acilities specifically included in the information presented here are !etail Motor uel acilities and small mar"eting #ul" Plants that have a$oveground oil storage tan"s (%STs).

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TA&LE OF CONTENTS
'. ''. 'uick Guide to SPCC Plan (ule ( )ho needs a plan* what is required+ p. , Overvie) o* (egulation -----------------. p. .

'ntroduction ----------------------- p. . /oes your facility need an SPCC plan+ -----------.- p. . )hat does the SPCC regulation require+ ------------ p. 0 )hat is the deadline for complying with the SPCC regulation+ ---.. p. 0 Summary ta$le of regulations that apply to SPCC regulated facilities - p. 1 '''. Guidance *or A++l,ing (egulation -------------. p. 2 Purpose of SPCC Plans ------------------.. p. 2 3eneral !equirements for SPCC Plans ------------.. p. 4 Technical !equirements for SPCC Plans -----------... p. 5 %$oveground Storage Systems* including 6ault Tan"s ------.. p. 5 7nderground Storage Systems ---------------... p. 8& Piping -------------------------. p. 8. #ul" 9il Transfers --------------------.. p. 80 Truc" Par"ing and Porta$le Tan" Storage -----------.. p. 81 Training ------------------------... p. 81 Security ------------------------- p. 82 Spills : Spill !eporting ------------------.. p. 82 '6. Co!!on Proble! --------------------. p. 84 6. Code and Standard ( or oil facility construction and operation -. p. 85

6'. In +ection ; !equired and recommended for equipment and facilities. p. &< 6''. In*or!ation re ource ------------------.. p. &< 6'''. Agenc, Contact Li t -------------------- p. &&

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I- 'UIC. GUIDE TO SPCC PLANS

Most facilities in Maine that store oil (petroleum products) in a$oveground storage tan"s (%STs) are required to have what is "nown as an SPCC Plan ( a Spill Prevention* Control and Countermeasure Plan. =9il> as defined under federal regulations includes petroleum oils such as gasoline* diesel* "erosene and heating oil* as well as non petroleum oils such as animal and vegeta$le oils* synthetic oils* and mineral oils. The requirements for SPCC Plans are in federal ?nvironmental Protection %gency (?P%) regulations* .< C ! 88&. % plan is generally required for any facility with more than 8*,&< gallons of a$oveground oil storage capacity. The Maine /?P enforces compliance with the federal regulations for such facilities in Maine that mar"et or distri$ute oil to others. 'f a plan is required for a facility* it is the responsi$ility of the owner or operator to provide a plan. The plan can $e drafted $y the owner or operator* or $y a professional preparer. The plan must $e certified $y a registered Professional ?ngineer. 9wners or operators of facilities with 8<*<<< gallons or less of a$oveground storage capacity may self;certify their SPCC Plan provided the facility meets the following criteria@ o Aas an aggregate a$oveground storage capacity of 8<*<<< gallons or less o Aas had no single discharge eBceeding 8*<<< gallons or no two discharges each eBceeding .& gallons to naviga$le waters within any twelve month period in the three years prior to the SPCC Plan self;certification date* and o The SPCC Plan must comply with the requirements of sections 88&.2 and 88&.4 of .< C ! Part 88&. Plans must contain a variety of required information. The following is an overview@ o Certifications ( acility ownership or management must attest to their commitment to provide the resources needed to implement the plan. % certifying engineer (P?) attests to the adequacy of the plan and its conformance with SPCC regulations. o acility /escription ( 9il storage* handling* processCpiping and security features.

o /ischarge Predictions ( )here will oil flow if a primary containment (tan" or piping) fails+ o !elease Prevention ( /escription of secondary containment features* and on;site spill response materials.

Page . o Spill !esponse ( Procedures and contacts for spill response* cleanup and reporting. o Training and 'nspection ( /ocumentation of procedures used. SPCC Plan regulations include numerous requirements affecting the design* construction and operation of oil facilities. These requirements should $e ta"en together with other applica$le codes and standards in the management of oil facilities.

II- O/E(/IE0 OF (EGULATIONS

Introduction
Certain facilities handling petroleum products (oil) are required to prepare and use a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. Plans are required $y federal regulations .< C ! 88&* under the Clean )ater %ct (C)%). =9il> as defined under federal regulations includes petroleum oils such as gasoline* diesel* "erosene and heating oil* as well as non petroleum oils such as animal and vegeta$le oils* synthetic oils* and mineral oils. Degislation enacted in Maine in &<<& (Title ,4 Section 02<(")) authoriEes the Maine /epartment of ?nvironmental Protection (/?P) to enforce compliance with federal SPCC regulations for %ST facilities that mar"et or distri$ute oil to others. The law also requires /?P to provide educational and technical materials for use $y regulated facilities. 9ther codes and regulations ( federal* state and local ( affect the design* construction and operation of facilities that are required to have SPCC Plans.

Does your facility need an SPCC Plan?

ederal SPCC regulations require an SPCC Plan to $e implemented for a facility if@ the facility could reasona$ly $e eBpected to discharge oil into naviga$le waters of the 7.S. or adFoining shorelines*

%G/ one of the following conditions is met@ 9! the facility has more than .&*<<< gallons capacity of underground storage* and the underground storage tan"s (7STs) are not su$Fect to federal 7ST regulations (.< C ! &4< or &48). %ll 7STs in Maine are covered $y the federal 7ST regulations. the facility has more than 8*,&< gallons capacity of a$oveground storage*

%ny location within Maine can $e assumed to meet the first requirement. The a$oveground storage threshold is no longer triggered $y a single container eBceeding 11< gallons* and containers less than 00 gallons are not counted toward the 8*,&< gallon

Page 0 facility capacity. Most 7ST facilities are now eBempt from SPCC requirements* including all Maine facilities that have only 7STs. Aowever* when a plan is required $ased on a$oveground storage capacity* the plan must note the eBistence of any 7STs in the site plan. %dditional information on the federal SPCC rule can $e found on the ?P% SPCC we$ site at@ http@CCwww.epa.govCoilspillCspccrule.htm.

What does the SPCC regulation require?

'f you determine that the federal SPCC regulations are applica$le to your facility* there are many ways in which the regulation will affect you. The following information will give an overview of the requirements* and suggest some strategies for complying with them. 'deally* the design and construction of petroleum facilities should ta"e SPCC requirements into account. Most recent facilities do so* $ut many facilities were $uilt $efore the regulations eBisted. 'n those cases there is no >grandfather clause.> The regulations apply to old and new facilities ali"e. The regulations also affect operations* maintenance* security and inspection of oil facilities. There are also training and record"eeping requirements* and reporting requirements in the event of a spill. The Maine law is designed to promote compliance with the federal regulations. 't does not contain any additional technical requirements for the facility ownerCoperator. 't does give /?P the authority to inspect facilities and their SPCC plans. 'f the department $elieves that a facilityHs plan does not satisfy the federal requirements* the department shall request an opinion from the 7nited States ?nvironmental Protection %gency as to the legal adequacy of the plan and any amendment necessary to $ring the facility into compliance with the federal requirements. 'n addition to the federal SPCC regulations and Maine law* there are a variety of other regulations and standards that may apply* depending on the nature of your facility.

What is the deadline for complying with the SPCC regulation?

The federal SPCC regulation was last revised %ugust 81* &<<&. The deadlines for $ringing facilities into compliance with the current federal SPCC regulation have $een eBtended under .< C ! Part 88&* effective e$ruary &1* &<<2. 7nder these eBtended deadlines* facilities in operation on or $efore %ugust 81* &<<&* must amend their SPCC plans as necessary to comply with the current regulation* and implement their revised plans* $y Iuly 8* &<<2. or facilities that $ecame operational after %ugust 81* &<<& through Iuly 8* &<<2* an SPCC plan in compliance with the current rule must $e developed and implemented $y Iuly 8* &<<2. or facilities that $ecome operational after Iuly 8* &<<2* an SPPC plan must $e developed and implemented prior to operation.

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Summary of Regulations: The following ta$le gives an outline of many of the

regulations* rules and laws that apply to retail motor fuel and small oil distri$ution %ST facilities in Maine.
Agenc,1 (egulation
7S ?P% .< C ! 88&

(egulation A++lie to
%ST acilities

2ig3lig3ted (e4uire!ent
%n SPCC Plan is required for certain facilities. !equirements are included that affect all aspects of the facility* including@ design and construction (new or modifications)J operation and maintenanceJ training* inspection and spill response. !egulations esta$lish minimum requirements nationwide for 7ST systems. Maine has an accepted state program.

7S ?P%* 9ffice of 7nderground Storage Tan"s .< C ! &4< : &48 M? /?P ,4 M!S% K 02<;L(0) M? /?P ,4 M!S% K 02<;L(&) : (,)

7STs and underground piping %ST acilities

This revision to the statutes reinforces federal SPCC requirements for facilities mar"eting or distri$uting oil to others. Gew and replacement underground piping systems at %ST facilities after Iune &.* 8558 must meet the same requirements as underground piping at 7ST facilities. #are steel underground piping is prohi$ited at all %ST facilities. !equires motor fuel %ST facilities with underground piping to register with the /?P* su$mit annual inspection reports of their underground piping* and retrofit piping systems as needed to meet the /?PMs current standards for piping lea" detection. !efer to the statute for deadline dates. ?sta$lishes requirements for secondary containment and lea" detection for new and replacement piping installations. %nnual facility inspections are required.

7nderground piping at all %ST facilities 7nderground piping at motor fuel %ST facilities

M? /?P ,4 M!S% K 01,(8<)

M? /?P Chapter 158* !ules for 7nderground 9il Storage acilities

7STs and underground piping (including at %ST facilities) Spills and spill reporting

M? /?P ,4 M!S% K0., : ,4 M!S% K00< M? ire Marshal /ept. of Pu$lic Safety* Chapter ,. M? /?P ,4 M!S% K .8, )aste /ischarge Program 3uidance

/ischarges to the environment are prohi$itedJ no penalty if spills are reported within & hours to the /?P and promptly cleaned up.

!equires that oil spills at %ST facilities $e reported to the /?P within & hours. %ST acilities within ,<< feet of a surface water or draining to a surface water /ischarge of stormwater from containment areas must $e treated through an oil;water separator prior to $eing discharge to a surface water. acility must file a notice with the /?PMs /ivision of )ater !esource !egulation. % license may $e required $y the /ivision.

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Summary of Regulations (continued :

Agenc,1 (egulation
M? ?mergency Management %gency ?mergency Planning and Community !ight;to;Lnow %ct M? ire Marshal* /ept. of Pu$lic Safety* Chapter ,. G P% ,< : ,<;% Docal Codes and 9rdinances

(egulation A++lie to
Storing haEardous materials and petroleum products %STs 6aulted tan"s Piping /ispensers %ST : 7ST acilities in 9rganiEed Towns : 7norganiEed Territories

2ig3lig3ted (e4uire!ent
!equires reporting inventories to M?M% when storing 8<*<<< pounds (approBimately 80<< gallons) or more of petroleum products.

Permits are required for a$oveground tan" installations. TechnicalCdesign standards include detailed requirements for storage tan"s and dispensing systems pursuant to G P% ,< : ,<;% (&<<, editions). Some Furisdictions require local permits for installation or prohi$it %STs altogether. Docal Eoning and land use ordinances may affect plans for new or renovated facilities. Contact the local town office for facilities located in organiEed towns* or the Maine Dand 7se !egulation Commission for facilities located in unorganiEed territories.

III- GUIDANCE FO( APPL5ING (EGULATIONS

SPCC Plan requirements are primarily driven $y the federal regulations* .< C ! 88&. Aowever* a num$er of other codes and regulations also can apply to SPCC regulated facilities* as shown in the preceding ta$le. The following sections give additional discussion of the SPCC and other requirements for oil %ST facilities.

Purpose of SPCC Plans

ederal SPCC regulations were created under the authority of the Clean )ater %ct. Their stated purpose is >-to prevent oil discharges from reaching naviga$le waters of the 7nited States or adFoining shorelines.> 'n effect* the regulation serves to protect surface waters and groundwater in general throughout the country. Plan requirements are intended to promote@ /esign and construction of facilities with features that will prevent discharges from occurring* and contain those that do occurJ Training of operators for safe operations and spill emergency preparednessJ 'nspection of facility components to assure continued performance of spill prevention and control featuresJ and 9rganiEing information that will assist in spill prevention and spill response.

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!eneral Requirements for SPCC Plans

There are numerous requirements for information to $e included in SPCC Plans. The general items listed here are administrative or procedural* and must $e included in all plans. Plan (evie) Log ( a location where the ownerMs representative certifies the plan has $een reviewed. The plan must $e reviewed $y the owner every five years. This periodic review of facilities should give consideration to any changes in codes* standards and availa$le technology in order to "eep facilities up to the =state;of; the;artNJ and* the review will determine if there is a need to amend the plan. Plans must also $e amended whenever there is a change in the facility that would affect the plan. Co!!it!ent o* (e ource ( the owner must also certify their commitment to ma"e availa$le the resources necessary to implement the SPCC Plan and to control and remove any discharge. Pro*e ional Engineer 6PE7 Certi*ication ( the preparing or reviewing engineer certifies the plan has $een prepared in accordance with .< C ! 88& and good engineering practice. Technical amendments to eBisting plans must also $e certified $y a Professional ?ngineer. Facilit, Con*or!ance ( discuss features and procedures that $ring the facility into compliance with the rules. %lso discuss any deviations from the rules* and what measures are provided to achieve equivalent environmental protection. Facilit, De cri+tion ( descri$e the physical layout of the facility. 'nclude a description of all oil storage* drainage and containment features. 'nclude the location of spill response materials. %lso descri$e the surrounding area* including consideration of where a potential discharge could flow toward. 'nclude a facility diagram or site plan showing items relating to oil storage and the SPCC Plan related features. Prevention ( discuss the operating procedures used to prevent spills from occurring. (e +on e ( document the facilityMs plans for responding to a spill or discharge. /escri$e how discharges will $e contained or controlled* and plans for cleanup. 'nclude steps to $e ta"en $y employees* and $y emergency response contractors. Contact Li t ( prepare a list of individuals and agencies to $e contacted in the event of a discharge. 'nclude "ey employees for the facility* company management contacts* emergency response contractors* local ire /epartment or police* and state and federal spill reporting hotlines. 0a te Di +o al ( discuss procedures for disposing of waste following a spill event cleanup.

Page 5 S+ill (e+orting ( give criteria and procedures for reporting spills. Training ( provide a description of the ownerMs training program for employees. The training program should include safe operation practices and emergency response procedures. Training should include a review of information contained in the SPCC Plan. C3eckli t ( plans must include a =Su$stantial Aarm Criteria Chec"listN. This list contains questions to determine if additional spill prevention planning measures are required* or if an SPCC Plan is considered sufficient. or facilities considered here the SPCC plan will suffice ($ut the chec"list must still $e included). Cro 8re*erence ( each SPCC plan must include a means to allow referencing plan information using the num$ering system of the federal rules (.< C ! 88&). Organi9ation ( information in the plan should $e organiEed for ease of use in an emergency.

"echnical Requirements for SPCC Plans

acility technical information must also $e included in SPCC Plans. The information needed will descri$e the physical facility features related to storing and containing oil* inspections* and securing the facility. Storage ( list all oil storage containers. 3ive the type of product stored and the capacity of each. Di c3arge Prediction ( itemiEe ways in which a release could potentially occur* $ased on an operational upset condition* or lea"age or failure of a container. /iscuss quantities* rate of release and li"ely direction of travel. Show direction(s) of travel on the facility site plan. Contain!ent ( discuss the containment and drainage features of the facility. In +ection ( descri$e the routine and periodic inspections that are provided for oil containing equipment. Securit, ( descri$e facility fencing* lighting* access control* and other features that contri$ute to the operational security and vandal resistance of the facility.

#$o%eground Storage Systems& including 'ault "an(s

%$oveground storage tan"s are su$Fect to requirements included in the SPCC rules. Maine /?P does not place any additional requirements on %STs (eBcept at Marine #ul" Terminals ( not included in this discussion). The Maine State ire MarshalMs 9ffice (Maine /epartment of Pu$lic Safety)* has an inspection and approval program for new %STs. The ire MarshalMs program includes technical standards pursuant to Gational ire

Page 8< Protection %ssociation (G P%) codes adopted $y reference under Chapter ,. of the ire MarshalMs !ules* =!ules and !egulations for lamma$le and Com$usti$le Diquids.N Chapter ,. includes almost all of the G P%Ms &<<, editions of = lamma$le and Com$usti$le Diquids CodeN (G P% ,<) and =Code for Motor uel /ispensing acilities and !epair 3aragesN (G P% ,<;%)* with a few eBceptions as descri$ed under Chapter ,.. Aighlights of applica$le standards for oil storage facilities under the federal SPCC regulations* the State ire MarshalMs rules* and the /?PMs underground oil storage facility rules are listed here. !efer to specific codes and regulations for more information. AST DESIGN AND CONST(UCTION STANDA(DS Tan"s must $e designed in accordance with good engineering practice. /esigns shall ta"e into account the intended service ( product stored* pressure and temperature. %STs must have secondary containment siEed to contain the volume of the single largest compartment within the contained area* plus an allowance for precipitation. !estrictions on tan" location and spacing are included in Chapter ,. of the State ire MarshalMs rules. Minimum distances to other tan"s* $uildings* property lines and roads are defined. !equirements for protection of tan"s from physical damage* such as the use of $ollards* are also included. %dditional restrictions are imposed on storage tan"s located within $uildings. 6ault tan"s in Maine are regulated as %STs* and may $e located either a$ove or $elow ground. % vault may contain only a single tan". 'n multiple tan" installations* vaults may have a common dividing wall separating adFacent tan"s. 6aults must $e liquid;tight and have a means of detecting and removing any liquid that accumulates. The use of dou$le;walled %STs to achieve secondary containment may $e allowed. % num$er of cautions are in order* however. Tan"s should $e located and installed with special attention to protection from physical damage* since damage could conceiva$ly penetrate $oth the primary and secondary tan" in a single incident. Specific requirements for dou$le;walled %STs include providing an anti;siphon device to prevent gravity discharge from the tan"* redundant overfill protection including an audi$le alarm and automatic flow reduction or shutoff device* and a tan" level gauge. !efer to G P% ,<* G P% ,<;% and ?P%Ms guidance regarding dou$le;walled tan"s for detailed requirements. Tan"s must $e properly vented.

Page 88 AST O/E(FILL P(OTECTION ederal SPCC regulations require that at least one of the following $e provided for all %STs@ an audi$le or visual high liquid level alarmJ a tan" liquid level gauge that is visi$le to the delivery person (unless a second person in direct communication to the delivery person monitors the gauge)J or an automatic high liquid level shutoff device. 'n addition* ?P% guidance specifies that dou$le;walled tan"s have redundant overfill protection* as descri$ed a$ove* when the facility operator is relying solely on the dou$le;walled construction of the tan" to provide secondary containment. Current G P% codes require a gauge or other means of determining liquid levels of each tan" and the device must $e visi$le to the delivery person. 'n addition* these codes require that tan"s at dispensing facilities* and certain tan"s at other types of facilities* also have an automatic shutoff device and an audi$le high level alarm to prevent overfills.

AST INSPECTION : MONITO(ING 3enerally* tan"s are required to $e tested for integrity on a regular schedule. The inspection must $e conducted $y a certified inspector* and include $oth visual inspection and one or more means of non;destructive eBamination. The scheduled frequency is not defined in .< C ! 88&. %n inspection frequency of every ten years is widely used for shop fa$ricated a$oveground tan"s. The use of an industry standard procedure such as ST' ( SP;<<8 or %P' 10, is strongly recommended. 'n some cases* alternative methods of testing may $e allowed for smaller tan"s provided that the Professional ?ngineer certifying the plan demonstrates that the alternative inspection methods provide equivalent environmental protection. Tan"s must also $e =frequentlyN inspected visually at the eBterior for signs of deterioration or lea"age. %gain* the frequency is not defined $y the federal SPCC regulation. This type of routine inspection can $e performed $y facility personnel. The frequency is often interpreted as monthly. or $oth types of inspection descri$ed a$ove* the facility must have written records of the inspections and "eep them on file for at least three years. 't is recommended that integrity inspections performed on a ten year or similar schedule $e "ept on file indefinitely. The federal SPCC regulation prohi$its the discharge of water with a sheen from containment areas such as di"es* and requires that a log $e "ept of when water is discharged or removed from containment areas. The /?P /ivision of )ater !esource !egulation regulates the discharge of any water from containment areas at %ST facilities that are located within ,<< feet of a surface water* or that discharge directly to a surface water. Such facilities are required to treat water from containment areas through an oil;water separator prior to $eing discharged. The State ire MarshalMs 9ffice requires that a$oveground tan"s $e monitored for evidence of lea"age $y performing daily inventory and reconciliation.

Page 8& Devel gauges must $e regularly tested for proper operation. The SPCC plan should give an overview of the routine and periodic inspections provided at the facility.

FI(E MA(S2AL INSPECTION : APP(O/AL % permit from the State ire MarshalMs 9ffice is required for almost all a$oveground oil storage tan" and container installations. %$oveground oil storage facilities must meet the applica$le provisions of G P% ,< and G P% ,<;%* as administered $y the State ire MarshalMs 9ffice.

)nderground Storage Systems

7nderground storage tan"s are su$Fect to state and federal regulations. ederal SPCC regulations .< C ! 88& now cover 7STs only in a few special cases. 7STs that are regulated $y the federal 7ST regulations .< C ! &4<* or an approved state program per .< C ! &48* are no longer covered $y the SPCC regulations. Maine has an approved 7ST program. The regulations applying to 7STs are Maine /?P Chapter 158* !ules for 7nderground 9il Storage acilities. The ire Marshal does not regulate underground storage facilities that are regulated $y /?P. %lthough most 7STs are eBempt from SPCC regulation* some facilities with 7STs also have a$oveground storage that triggers SPCC requirements. 'n these cases* the SPCC regulations require the plan to indicate the location of all 7STs on the facility diagram. )hen preparing SPCC Plans for this type of facility* good engineering practice would $e to include some information in the plan relating to any 7STs at the facility. This will allow the certifying engineer to chec" for $asic compliance issues* such as materials and methods of construction* corrosion protection* testing and monitoring. Aighlights of applica$le standards are listed here ( refer to specific codes and regulations for more information.

UNDE(G(OUND TAN. DESIGN : CONST(UCTION Gew tan"s must $e constructed of cathodically protected steel* fi$erglass* or other noncorrosive materials. Gew tan"s must $e provided with full secondary containment and continuous monitoring of the interstitial space. ill pipes must have spill $uc"ets and overfill prevention equipment. Tan"s must $e installed $y a Maine Certified Tan" 'nstaller.

Page 8,

UST S5STEM MONITO(ING AND TESTING /aily inventory reconciliation or statistical inventory analysis is required for 7STs* eBcept dou$le walled tan"s with continuous interstitial monitoring and certain eBisting tan"s. ?Bisting tan"s can $e eBempted from daily inventory reconciliation or statistical inventory analysis $ased on a num$er of lea" detection approaches. The usual approach is for the following conditions to $e met@ The tan" has an automatic gauging system including electronic line lea" detectors for all pressuriEed lines* capa$le of detecting a <.8 gallon per hour (3PA) lea" from the tan" and piping* that conducts a satisfactory test at least once every ,< days. The system must also $e capa$le of detecting a lea" of ,.< 3PA at all times. The system is otherwise installed and operated in accordance with Chapter 158. 3alvanic cathodic protection systems must $e tested annually. 'mpressed current cathodic protection systems must have rectifier readings ta"en monthly* and must $e tested annually. !efer to Maine /?P Chapter 158 for additional information on 7ST system requirements.

UST S5STEM (EGIST(ATION : INSPECTION Maine /?P has a registration program applica$le to all 7STs in the state. There is a fee of O,0 per tan". /etailed instructions and the registration form are availa$le from the Maine /?P. %n annual facility inspection is required to $e performed $y a Maine Certified Tan" 'nstaller or Tan" 'nspector. % form for this inspection is availa$le from the Maine /?P.

Page 8.

Piping
A&O/EG(OUND PIPING %$oveground fuel piping is covered in the SPCC rules* and is regulated $y the ire Marshal. The ire Marshal requires a$oveground piping to $e designed and constructed in accordance with G P% ,<. G P% ,< adopts an industry standard approach to fuel piping@ o %GS' #,8 Standards are referenced. o The use of low melting;point materials is restricted. o Ioining methods and supports are discussed. o Protection from corrosion is required. o Testing is required for new piping. % $ul" storage tan" may not $e directly connected to services station (dispensing) facilities. % chec" valve and dry;$rea" are required at the delivery connection point for %STs. The ire Marshal has adopted G P% ,<% which includes requirements for dispensing facilities. 'mportant safety devices such as emergency (shear) valves are required. The federal SPCC regulation requires that a$oveground piping $e contained such that any lea"s or discharges from the piping are retained on site long enough for cleanup to occur. The preferred methods of containment are permanent physical containment structures such as utiliEing dou$le;walled piping or locating piping runs entirely within tan" di"es or loading rac" containment structures. )here the certifying engineer demonstrates that it is not practica$le to provide physical secondary containment* the SPCC regulation may allow use of contingency planning* incorporating active containment measures* to address potential spills from piping. The SPCC regulation also calls for regular inspections of the general condition of a$oveground piping.

UNDE(G(OUND PIPING 7nderground piping at all %ST facilities must $e constructed of cathodically protected steel* fi$erglass* or other noncorrosive materials. 7nprotected underground steel piping has $een prohi$ited since 8550.

Page 80 7nderground fuel piping installed at any %ST facility in Maine on or after Iune &.* 8558 must meet the same requirements under Maine /?P Chapter 158as if it were in a 7ST system. %ll underground piping systems at motor fuel %ST facilities* regardless of the date of installation* will $e required to $e retrofitted as necessary to meet the /?PMs standards for lea" detection $y Ianuary 8* &<88. These requirements include the following@ 7nderground piping systems must $e provided with full secondary containment and continuous monitoring of the interstitial space* unless the piping system is a =safe suctionN system PGote@ % =safe suctionN system is rare at %ST facilities $ecause it requires that the dispenser $e elevated a$ove the tan"Q. PressuriEed lines must $e provided with a line lea" detector. SPCC rules require integrity and lea" testing at the time of installation* and when piping modifications occur. Chapter 158 requires that underground piping and monitoring systems at all %ST facilities $e inspected annually $y a Maine Certified Tan" 'nstaller or 'nspector. %nnual inspection reports for underground piping systems at motor fuel %ST facilities will $e required to $e su$mitted to the /?P starting in Iuly* &<<2 eBcept for diesel %STs where the first su$mittal of annual inspection reports is not required until Iuly* &<<5. %ll motor fuel %ST facilities with underground piping will $e required to register with the /?P $y Ianuary 8* &<<2* eBcept diesel %STs which have an eBtended deadline of Ianuary 8* &<<5 to $e registered with the /?P. SPCC Plan preparers should evaluate underground piping systems for compliance with codes and criteria as part of the facility inspection* and provide recommendations for any needed repairs or upgrades.

*ul( +il "ransfers

#ul" oil transfers are transfers $etween storage containers and transportation modes such as tan" truc"s and tan" cars. 9il handling areas where transfers occur must $e provided with spill containment and control features. The eBtent of the features required depends on the nature of the transfer facilities. or transfers occurring across a loadingCunloading rac"* a fiBed containment must $e provided for the single largest compartment of any tan" truc" or car handled at that location. Contained oil from a spill event would $e returned to storage* reclaimed or disposed $y a licensed waste contractor. or transfers that do not ta"e place at a loadingCunloading rac"* the area must $e sufficiently contained and controlled to prevent harmful discharges. This requirement applies not only to transfers* $ut to any location at a facility where there is a reasona$le possi$ility of a lea"* spill or discharge occurring. The

Page 81 requirement can $e met through the use of permanent or temporary containment features* or response equipment* or $y any com$ination of these elements. /eliveries to 7STs must $e o$served $y a representative of the facility owner* operator or oil transporter.

"ruc( Par(ing and Porta$le "an( Storage

Many terminals have par"ing areas for truc"s ( $oth $ul" transports and delivery truc"s. Storage of porta$le tan"s is also a common occurrence. These containers are typically viewed as conveyances for the transportation of oil regulated $y the /epartment of Transportation (/9T). These containers are also viewed as oil storage when they are not $eing used for transportation ( and when this happens they $ecome su$Fect to regulation $y ?P% under the SPCC rules. 3enerally* a truc" that is registered and used for on;the;road transport of oil is regulated $y the /9T as transportation rather than $y the SPCC regulations as storage. % truc" $eing filled or ma"ing a delivery is considered to $e involved in transportation. Aowever* the facility and transfer area are at the same time covered $y SPCC regulations. 'f a truc" or tan" is par"ed for some time during routine daily operations* it is not considered as storage. ?Bamples would $e the truc"er who par"s while completing paperwor"* or the technician who par"s at the facility while $etween Fo$ locations. 'f a truc" or tan" is par"ed loaded with product for any eBtended period of time unattended* it $ecomes a storage container* regulated $y the SPCC regulations. 'f a truc" or tan" is considered storage* it is su$Fect to the SPCC 3eneral Secondary Containment requirements. 'f a container is completely emptied for par"ing or storage it is still technically su$Fect to SPCC rules. Aowever* ?P% has not eBpressed interest in enforcing a strict interpretation in this case. The ownerCoperator must $e sure that all par"ed containers have $een properly emptied. The facility will $e held accounta$le if any residual product is discharged from such a container.

"raining
Personnel involved in operating regulated facilities must receive training covering the following material@ o Contents of the facility SPCC plan. o acility operations.

o 9peration and maintenance to prevent discharges.

Page 82 o /ischarge response procedures. o %pplica$le laws and regulations. Provide annual $riefings for all oil handling personnel to review contents of the SPCC plan. The SPCC plan should provide an overview of the facilityMs training program.

Security
SPCC regulations require fencing and security lighting of any facility handling or storing oil. The implementation of security measures is very site specific. )hat wor"s for one facility may not $e appropriate for another. The SPCC rules allow for eBceptions to the fencing requirement* $ut alternative measures resulting in =equivalent environmental protectionN must $e provided. Maine State ire Marshal regulations require a$oveground tan"s to $e fenced* eBcept when the entire facility is fenced.

Spills , Spill Reporting

7nder /?PMs statutes* if an oil spill is promptly reported (within & hours)* removed* and cleaned up to the /epartmentMs satisfaction* the owner is not su$Fect to any fines or penalties for causing a spill. This law applies to a spill of any quantity of oil. The /?P has a &.;hour oil spill reporting hotline (8;4<<;.4&; <222). State ire MarshalMs regulations require that %ST facilities report oil spills to the /?P within & hours. The one eBception to the Maine law is for surface spills of 8< gallons or less on impervious surfaces* such as asphalt or concrete* at 7ST facilities only. % customer overfill at a retail 7ST filling station is an eBample of this type of spill. The spill must $e cleaned up within &. hours and a written log of such events must $e "ept at the facility. or these types of spills at 7ST facilities* the written spill log suffices for =reportingN in lieu of calling the spill into the /?P. 7nder federal law* any spill of oil that reaches naviga$le waters or adFacent shorelines* causes a sheen* causes a sludge or emulsion* or violates any applica$le water quality standards must $e reported to the Gational !esponse CenterMs &.; hour hotline (8;4<<;.&.;44<&).

Page 84 There are some eBceptions to the federal reporting law. These eBemptions include properly functioning vessel engines and GP/?S permitted releases. Contaminated $ilge water is not eBempt however. SPCC regulations require reporting of spills* with written information su$mitted to the ?P% regional administrator within 1< days@ o o or a single discharge of more than 8*<<< gallons. or any two discharges of more than .& gallons of oil in any 8& month period.

I/- COMMON P(O&LEMS

!eleases can occur at small $ul" and retail fueling facilities due to a wide variety of reasons. Aowever* the three following pro$lems account for a large num$er of reported discharges@ -ea(ing )nderground Piping ( Many underground piping systems at %ST facilities do not meet current standards for dou$le;walled piping and lea" detection systems. Consequently* lea"s in these nonconforming systems can occur for a long period of time undetected. 'n some cases where this has occurred* maFor contamination has resulted* leading to costly clean;ups. ?ven where underground piping systems meet current requirements* lea"s can occur undetected if the facility ownerCoperator is not familiar with the piping and lea" detection system* and the system is not properly maintained or inspected. Inadequate +%erfill Protection ( Tan" overfills are the single largest cause of oil discharges at %ST facilities. The federal SPCC rules require that tan"s $e provided with overfill protection. 9verfill protection devices include tan" level gauges* high level alarms* and automatic shutoff devices. Inadequate Secondary Containment ; The federal SPCC rules require secondary containment for oil storage tan"s and other containers that are 00 gallons in siEe (i.e.* a standard $arrel) or larger. /i"es are the most commonly used method of secondary containment for tan"s* $ut are sometimes undersiEed or not adequately maintained. /i"es must $e maintained so that they are liquid tight* and any di"e drainage valves must $e "ept normally closed so that product will not simply drain out of the di"e in the event of a spill at a tan".

Page 85

/- CODES AND STANDA(DS

There are a wealth of codes* criteria* regulations and industry standards that provide useful information for the design* construction and operation of oil facilities. Some of these have mandatory requirements for facilitiesJ others have information that may $e ta"en as recommendations representing =good practiceN. The following is far from a complete list* $ut represents most of the core standards needed for small a$oveground oil facilities. Regulations .< C ! 88& .< C ! &4< Chapter ,. Chapter 158 Codes G P% ,< G P% ,<% G P% 2< Standards %P' 10, P?' !P &<< Tan" 'nspection* !epair* %lteration and !econstruction Petroleum ?quipment 'nstitute !ecommended Practices for 'nstallation of %$oveground Storage Systems for Motor 6ehicle ueling Steel Tan" 'nstitute Standard for 'nspection of 'n;Service Shop a$ricated %$oveground Tan"s for Storage of Com$usti$le and lamma$le Diquids /esign* Construction* 9peration* Maintenance* and 'nspection of Terminal and Tan" acilities lamma$le and Com$usti$le Diquids Code %utomotive and Marine Service Station Code Gational ?lectrical Code 7S ?P%* Spill Prevention Control : Countermeasures 7S ?P%* Technical Standards and Corrective %ction !equirements for 9wners and 9perators of 7nderground Storage Tan"s (7ST) Maine ire Marshal* /ept. of Pu$lic Safety !ules and !egulations for lamma$le and Com$usti$le Diquids Maine /epartment of ?nvironmental Protection !ules for 7nderground 9il Storage acilities

ST' SP<<8

%P' &18<

Page &<

/I- INSPECTIONS
In +ection Ite! AST AST Fre4uenc, = requentN (monthly recommended) =PeriodicN ( as determined $y inspection standard) A++licable Standard ST' SP<<8 ST' SP<<8 (for shop $uilt tan"s) %P' 10, (for field erected tan"s) .< C ! 88& (visual inspection) M? /?P Chapter 158

Aboveground Pi+ing UST Facilit,

6UG tank : +i+ing7

=!egularN (monthly recommended) %nnual (required)

/II- INFO(MATION (ESOU(CES

Federal (egulation

Federal SPCC regulation@ .< C ! Part 88&* 9il Pollution Prevention and !esponseJ Gon;Transportation;!elated 9nshore and 9ffshore acilities* inal !ule* 7.S. ?nvironmental Protection %gency* 12 ederal !egister 8,2 (Iuly 82* &<<&)
http@CCwww.epa.govCoilspillCpdfsC.<cfr88&.pdf

(evi ed Deadline *or co!+l,ing )it3 t3e *ederal SPCC regulation@ .< C ! Part 88&* 9il Pollution Prevention and !esponseJ Gon;Transportation;!elated 9nshore and 9ffshore acilities* inal !ule* 7.S. ?nvironmental Protection %gency* 28 ederal !egister ,, ( e$ruary 82* &<<1) http@CCwww.epa.govCoilspillCpdfsC28 !4.1&.pdf EPA SPCC Guidance *or (egional Inve tigator 6Gov. &4* &<<0* revised &C,C<1). 9ffice of ?mergency Management* ?P% 0<;#;<0;<<8 http@CCwww.epa.govCoilspillCpdfsCguidanceCSPCCR3uidanceRfullteBt.pdf

State Statute : (ule

Maine DEP SPCC Statute @ ,4 M!S% K 02<;L http@CCFanus.state.me.usClegisCstatutesC,4Ctitle,4sec02<;L.html Underground Tank : Pi+ing@ Maine /?P* Chapter 158* !ules for 7nderground 9il Storage acilities* March 8.* &<<. http@CCwww.maine.govCdepCrwmCustCnewchapter158;&<<..doc

Page &8 Aboveground Tank : Pi+ing@ State ire MarshalMs 9ffice Chapter ,. !ules and !egulations for lamma$le and Com$usti$le Diquids* %ugust 84* &<<. ftp@CCftp.maine.govCpu$CsosCcecCrcnCapaC81C&85C&85c<,..doc Di c3arging Dike 0ater to Sur*ace 0ater @ )aste /ischarge Program 3uidance* Maine /?P* /ivision of )ater !esource !egulation* %ugust ,8* &<<.. http@CCwww.maine.govCdepCrwmCspccCpdfCdepdischargeprog.pdf

S+ill (e +on e
(e +onding to Oil : 2a9ardou Material S+ill 6Maine DEP7 http://www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/Responding/cover.htm Maine DEP Statute *or S+ill and S+ill (e+orting@ ,4 M!S% K 0., http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/38/title38sec543.html and ,4 M!S% K 00< http://janus.state.me.us/legis/statutes/38/title38sec550.html

General SPCC 0eb Site

EPA SPCC Plan Guidance *or (egional In +ector

http@CCwww.epa.govCoilspillCpdfsCguidanceCSPCCR3uidanceRfullteBt.pdf

EPA SPCC )eb ite http@CCwww.epa.govCoilspillCspcc.htm Maine DEP SPCC )eb ite http@CCwww.maine.govCdepCrwmCindeB..htm

Publication
(eco!!ended Practice *or In tallation o* Aboveground Storage S, te! *or Motor8/e3icle Fueling* P?'C!P&<<;<,. Petroleum ?quipment 'nstitute. &<<,. Petroleum ?quipment 'nstitute* P.9. #oB &,4<* Tulsa* 9L 2.8<8;&,4<J (584) .5.; 5151J www.pei.org. NFPA ;$" Fla!!able and Co!bu tible Li4uid Code" #$$; Edition- Gational ire Protection %ssociation* 8 #atterymarch Par"* P.9. #oB 58<8* Suincy* M% <&&15;58<8J (4<<) ,..;,000J www.nfpa.org NFPA ;$A" Code *or Motor Fuel Di +en ing Facilitie and (e+air Garage " #$$; Edition. Gational ire Protection %ssociation* 8 #atterymarch Par"* P.9. #oB 58<8* Suincy* M% <&&15;58<8J (4<<) ,..;,000J www.nfpa.org. Fla!!able and Co!bu tible Li4uid Code 2andbook" Si<t3 Edition . !o$ert P. #enedetti* C.S.P.* ?ditor. 8552. Gational ire Protection %ssociation* 8 #atterymarch Par"* P.9. #oB 58<8* Suincy* M% <&&15;58<8J (4<<) ,..;,000J www.nfpa.org. 2andbook o* Storage Tank S, te! = Code " (egulation " and De ign . )ayne #. 3eyer* ?ditor. &<<<. Marcel /e""er* 'nc.* &2< Madison %ve.* Gew Tor"* GT 8<<81J (&8&) 151;5<<<J www.de""er.com

Page &&

/III- AGENC5 CONTACT LIST

Federal S !! plan re"uirements #or any facilities with more than .&/01 gallons of a$o%eground oil storage: U-S- Environ!ental Protection Agenc,@ /on 3rant* ?P% !egion 8 (A#!)* 9ne Congress Street* Suite 88<<* #oston* MM% <&88.;&<&,J telephone@ (182) 584;8214J e;mail@ grant.donUepa.gov State S !! program #or facilities with more than .&/01 gallons of a$o%eground oil storage that mar(et or distri$ute oil to others: Maine /epartment of ?nvironmental Protection@ /avid McCas"ill* /ivision of Technical Services* /ept. of ?nvironmental Protection* 82 State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<82J telephone@ (&<2) &42;2<01 or in;state toll free (4<<) .0&;85.&J e;mail@ /avid.McCas"illUMaine.gov State re"uirements #or discharging stormwater from containment areas to surface waters : Maine /epartment of ?nvironmental Protection@ ?rich /. Lluc"* ?nvironmental Specialist* /ept. of ?nvironmental Protection* /ivision of )ater !esource !egulation* 82 State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<82J telephone@ (&<2) 258;488< or (&<2) &42;248. J e;mail@ erich.d."luc"Umaine.gov State permitting #or a$o%eground oil storage tan(s and a$o%eground piping: Maine State ire MarshalMs 9ffice@ Stephen ). /iBon* Sr.* Pu$lic Safety 'nspector* State ire MarshalMs 9ffice* 0& State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<0&J telephone@ (&<2) 1&1;,45<J e;mail@ Stephen.)./iBonUstate.me.us State re"uirements #or underground tan(s and underground piping@ Maine /epartment of ?nvironmental Protection@ 7nderground Tan"s 7nit* /ept. of ?nvironmental Protection* 82 State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<82J telephone@ (&<2) &42;&108 or in; state toll free (4<<) .0&;85.&. $mergenc% response planning #or facilities storing oil and2or ha3ardous materials: Maine ?mergency Management %gency@ !o$ert S. 3ardner* Technological AaEards Specialist* 2& State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<2&J telephone@ (&<2) 1&&.;..<<J e;mail@ ro$ert.s.gardnerUstate.me.us State re"uirements #or storage of ha3ardous matter: Maine /epartment of ?nvironmental Protection@ Iohn /unlap* ?nvironmental Specialist* /ept. of ?nvironmental Protection* 82 State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<82J telephone@ (&<2) &42;,0.2 or in;state toll free (4<<) .0&;85.&J e;mail@ Fohn.m.dunlapUMaine.gov. &ocal permitting re"uirements #or a$o%eground storage tan( facilities: 9rganiEed towns@ Contact your town office or Code ?nforcement 9fficer. 7norganiEed territories@ Contact the Maine /ept. of Conservation* Dand 7se !egulation Commission* && State Aouse Station* %ugusta* M? <.,,,;<<&&J telephone@ (&<2) &42;&1,8.