Journal Description
Pets
Pets
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on companion animals published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- Rapid Publication: first decisions in 16 days; acceptance to publication in 5.8 days (median values for MDPI journals in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Latest Articles
Companions, Captives, Kin: Domination and Affection in the Conceptualising of ‘Pets’
Pets 2024, 1(2), 182-200; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020014 - 5 Sep 2024
Abstract
This review article reflects on the idea of the pet, or animal companion. It is a response to the tension between the important role animal companions play in the lives of many people and the ways they are ill-treated and discarded. In examining
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This review article reflects on the idea of the pet, or animal companion. It is a response to the tension between the important role animal companions play in the lives of many people and the ways they are ill-treated and discarded. In examining this apparent anomaly, the paper revisits Yi-Fu Tuan’s conception of pets as produced through the nexus of domination and affection. For Tuan, there is no anomaly in demonstrating both kindness and cruelty towards pets because, while pets may be objects of affection, they are created through practices of manipulation and control. The paper endorses Tuan’s conception of pets as an exercise in domination but argues for a more nuanced conception which allows for the possibility of different kinds of relations. In so doing, it provides an alternative model of human domination which can be seen in the ‘making’ of pets, drawing on a study of people’s relationships and lives with dog companions in the UK. The paper argues for an inclusive concept of pets, involving various species, and which recognises that pet–human relations differ according to the species which are kept. Ultimately, the paper suggests that the terms, concepts and theories we use to understand pets and human relations with them needs to be open to the diversity of species of animal kept and the ways in which this impacts human relations with them. Attention also needs to be paid to the varied kinds of relationship people have with pets based on different kinds of regard for animals. The paper also considers future directions for research, making the case for a critical approach to pet studies.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Consumer Preference of a Novel Canine Treat in a Texas University Community
by
Reagan Grimes, Trinette Jones, Amber Harris Bozer and Cheyenne Runyan
Pets 2024, 1(2), 160-181; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020013 - 16 Aug 2024
Abstract
An estimated USD 5.59 billion is spent on dog treats annually; yet little is known about the purchasing decisions of dog owners. The study objective was to conduct consumer research on a novel treat in comparison to three commercially available products. Participants (
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An estimated USD 5.59 billion is spent on dog treats annually; yet little is known about the purchasing decisions of dog owners. The study objective was to conduct consumer research on a novel treat in comparison to three commercially available products. Participants (n = 70) were recruited from a Texas university campus. Respondents were shown four different treat products individually, without packaging, and asked to rate attributes such as aroma and texture, recording choices via an electronic survey. Packaging of the treat products was then shown and respondents were asked to rate marketing attributes such as ingredients and packaging type. Treat attribute likeness scores differed across brands for aroma, texture, and overall appearance (p < 0.001), with the novel product having the lowest overall average score (p < 0.05). All treat attributes were correlated with owner-predicted dog likeness (p < 0.001). Package type and all marketing attributes differed between products; the novel product had the lowest likeness scores in both categories (p < 0.05). Overall packaging appearance was correlated with respondents’ willingness to pay for a product (p < 0.001). A general linear model predicted a dollar value increase of USD 1.31 for every one unit increase in overall appearance likeness score. Respondents were willing to pay the least for the novel product when compared to all other products. Purchase intent was different across brands and was lowest for the novel product (p < 0.001); purchase intent correlated with all marketing attributes but not brand (p < 0.001). Both treat characteristics and marketing attributes may affect consumer’s purchase intent while simultaneously influencing the price they are willing to pay. Novel products may be less preferred by consumers, especially if compared against established commercial products.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Research on Companion Animal Nutrition)
Open AccessArticle
Veterinary Hospital and Clinic Websites: Do They Reflect the Racial Demographics of Their Geographical Region?
by
Lori R. Kogan, Jennifer Currin-McCulloch, Emma Brown and Tori Thompson
Pets 2024, 1(2), 152-159; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020012 - 26 Jul 2024
Abstract
Approximately 60% of the U.S. population own at least one pet, and many pet owners turn to the internet, including veterinary clinic websites, for pet health information. The pictures on these websites, and how accurately they reflect the racial diversity of their communities,
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Approximately 60% of the U.S. population own at least one pet, and many pet owners turn to the internet, including veterinary clinic websites, for pet health information. The pictures on these websites, and how accurately they reflect the racial diversity of their communities, have not been studied. This study assessed the perceived skin color of people depicted on veterinary websites to determine how well they represent their geographical area. Each photograph was rated, using the Fitzpatrick skin ratings, on a scale from 1 to 6, with 1 to 3 reflecting ‘White’ and 4 to 6 reflecting ‘Person of Color.’ The number of pictures categorized as ‘White’ was 638 (85.8%) and those categorized as ‘Person of Color’ was 106 (14.2%). For client/pet owner pictures, a total of 121 (80.2%) were categorized as ‘White’ and 30 (19.9%) were categorized as ‘Person of Color.’ The findings from this study reveal a glaring lack of racial diversity and representation among the images of people displayed on the websites of veterinary clinics that provide care within predominantly Black U.S. communities. One step that veterinary clinics could take to rectify this issue would be to partner with members of their communities to gather guidance on how to transform their social media presence to reflect their clients’ identities and needs more accurately.
Full article
Open AccessReview
Gut Health Optimization in Canines and Felines: Exploring the Role of Probiotics and Nutraceuticals
by
David Atuahene, Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram, Fatemeh Balouei and Amos Antwi
Pets 2024, 1(2), 135-151; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020011 - 25 Jul 2024
Abstract
Companion animals such as dogs and cats play a crucial role in modern families. Their overall health is significantly influenced by their gut health, with many health disorders arising from disturbances in the gut microbiome. Our review highlights the ability of probiotics and
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Companion animals such as dogs and cats play a crucial role in modern families. Their overall health is significantly influenced by their gut health, with many health disorders arising from disturbances in the gut microbiome. Our review highlights the ability of probiotics and nutraceuticals to modify the gut microbiota and enhance gastrointestinal health in canine and feline species. We investigated the effects of probiotics and natural antioxidant molecules on digestion, immunological response, and barrier integrity in gastrointestinal health studies concerning dogs and cats. The analysis indicated that probiotics influence gut microbiota composition in a positive manner, enhance digestion, augment the immune response, and help to maintain barrier integrity. Additionally, natural products with antioxidant molecules showed the potential to improve gut health and protect pets from various illnesses. We concluded by advocating the need for more studies in this direction to fully understand their effects and optimize their use in veterinary medicine.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Research on Companion Animal Nutrition)
Open AccessArticle
No Animal Left Behind: A Thematic Analysis of Public Submissions on the New Zealand Emergency Management Bill
by
Steve Glassey
Pets 2024, 1(2), 120-134; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020010 - 11 Jul 2024
Abstract
This article presents a thematic analysis of submissions made on New Zealand’s Emergency Management Bill. While a key focus is on the importance and frequency of animal welfare concerns raised by submitters, the analysis also examines other critical themes to provide context on
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This article presents a thematic analysis of submissions made on New Zealand’s Emergency Management Bill. While a key focus is on the importance and frequency of animal welfare concerns raised by submitters, the analysis also examines other critical themes to provide context on the range of issues addressed. The impact of the “No Animal Left Behind” campaign launched by Animal Evac New Zealand in mobilising public engagement on animal welfare provisions is also assessed. Sixty-one percent (n = 191) of public submissions on the Bill raised the importance of including animals in new emergency management legislation and at least 48% (n = 149) of all public submissions were directly attributed to the campaign. Key animal welfare concerns include the need for clear statutory powers and requirements, better coordination and resourcing, and recognition of the human–animal bond. Other prominent non-animal-related themes relate to strengthening community resilience, improving Māori participation in emergency management, and enhancing readiness and response capabilities. Specific recommendations are made for legal changes to better protect animal welfare, including amending key provisions to explicitly address animal rescue and evacuation, mandating animal welfare emergency plans, strengthening animal seizure and disposal processes, and enhancing accountability for animal emergency response charities. With improving animal disaster management law being the most common issue identified, it is logical for a government to apply deliberative democracy to ensure animals are better protected in New Zealand emergency management reforms. The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive, multi-faceted reform to create a world-leading emergency management framework.
Full article
Open AccessReview
Local Anaesthesia Techniques in Dogs and Cats: A Review Study
by
Chrysoula Margeti, Charalampos Kostakis, Vassiliki Tsioli, Konstantina Karagianni and Eugenia Flouraki
Pets 2024, 1(2), 88-119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020009 - 7 Jul 2024
Abstract
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The use of multimodal anaesthesia and analgesia is desirable as part of a complete analgesic plan. Analgesic strategies for perioperative pain treatment include combinations of drugs with different means of action to increase their efficacy and to reduce the required doses and adverse
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The use of multimodal anaesthesia and analgesia is desirable as part of a complete analgesic plan. Analgesic strategies for perioperative pain treatment include combinations of drugs with different means of action to increase their efficacy and to reduce the required doses and adverse effects. Local anaesthetics prevent the transduction and transmission of painful stimuli through their action on neuronal cell membranes. They undergo minimal systemic absorption and are therefore ideal alternatives to drugs that could result in systemic toxicity. Numerous benefits have been recognised for the use of local anaesthesia, such as a decreased need for systemic analgesics and decreased hospitalisation periods. Local anaesthetics have been used in veterinary medicine in several ways. Anatomical landmarks can be used to identify the target nerves and the clinician can employ an electrical nerve stimulator or ultrasound guidance to perform a more accurate injection. Local anaesthetic techniques can implement other drugs, apart from or in combination with local anaesthetics, such as opioids, α2−adrenergic agonists or vasoconstricting agents. This review article presents and discusses the most common techniques of local anaesthetic use in small animals, with the aim of providing the clinician with further and comprehensive information regarding the analgesic options during the perioperative period.
Full article
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<p>Infiltration local anaesthesia. (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) Numerous SC injections of lidocaine around the area of interest and (<b>e</b>) one in-depth injection to desensitise the deeper tissues of the target area.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Infiltration local anaesthesia. Multiple SC injections are made along the linea alba before surgical incision.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Location—direction of the needle to perform the maxillary nerve block. (<b>a</b>) Extraoral approach in the dog. (<b>b</b>) Intraoral approach in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Infraorbital nerve block in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Inferior alveolar (mandibular) nerve block, extraoral approach in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Mental nerve block in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Brachial plexus block. (<b>a</b>) Longitudinal section of the brachial plexus, red arrows: location of the nerves, (<b>b</b>) transverse section of the brachial plexus, red arrows: location of the nerves. Red and blue areas: axillary artery and vein. Courtesy of Th. Keramidas.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Outer surface of the forelimb and needle direction (red arrow) to block the radial nerve. (<b>b</b>) Inner surface of the forelimb and needle direction (red arrow) to block the medial and ulnar nerves. The orange lines represent the target nerves’ pathways.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Femoral nerve block. A: femoral nerve, B: femoral artery and vein. Courtesy of Ch. Venieris.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Sciatic nerve block. (<b>a</b>) A: sciatic tuberosity, B: greater trochanter, black arrow: location of the sciatic nerve, (<b>b</b>) location of the sciatic nerve under ultrasound guidance in a dog, x: femur. (<b>c</b>) A: sciatic tuberosity, B: greater trochanter. Courtesy of Th. Keramidas.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>(<b>a</b>) Lumbosacral epidural, X and Z mark the anatomical landmarks used to perform the lumbosacral epidural, X: cranial points or wings of the ileum, Z: lumbar vertebra L7. (<b>b</b>) sacrococcygeal epidural, S: sacrum, C: 1st coccygeal vertebra.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Intercostal block. At the proximal third of the pleura, the tip of the needle touches the pleura and is then gently redirected caudally, where the local anaesthetic is injected after aspiration. F: frontal or cranial aspect/direction, C: caudal aspect/direction.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p><span class="html-italic">Quadratus lumborum</span> block (QLB) in a dog. L6: vertebral body of the 6th lumbar vertebra, TP: transverse process, red arrow: position of the needle for the QLB block, red circle: <span class="html-italic">QL</span> muscle. Courtesy of Ch. Venieris.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Location to perform the <span class="html-italic">Transversus abdominis</span> (TAP) plane block. L6: vertebral body of the 6th lumbar vertebra, TRANS: <span class="html-italic">Transversus abdominis</span> muscle. Courtesy of Ch. Venieris.</p> Full article ">
<p>Infiltration local anaesthesia. (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) Numerous SC injections of lidocaine around the area of interest and (<b>e</b>) one in-depth injection to desensitise the deeper tissues of the target area.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Infiltration local anaesthesia. Multiple SC injections are made along the linea alba before surgical incision.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Location—direction of the needle to perform the maxillary nerve block. (<b>a</b>) Extraoral approach in the dog. (<b>b</b>) Intraoral approach in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Infraorbital nerve block in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Inferior alveolar (mandibular) nerve block, extraoral approach in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Mental nerve block in the dog.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Brachial plexus block. (<b>a</b>) Longitudinal section of the brachial plexus, red arrows: location of the nerves, (<b>b</b>) transverse section of the brachial plexus, red arrows: location of the nerves. Red and blue areas: axillary artery and vein. Courtesy of Th. Keramidas.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Outer surface of the forelimb and needle direction (red arrow) to block the radial nerve. (<b>b</b>) Inner surface of the forelimb and needle direction (red arrow) to block the medial and ulnar nerves. The orange lines represent the target nerves’ pathways.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Femoral nerve block. A: femoral nerve, B: femoral artery and vein. Courtesy of Ch. Venieris.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Sciatic nerve block. (<b>a</b>) A: sciatic tuberosity, B: greater trochanter, black arrow: location of the sciatic nerve, (<b>b</b>) location of the sciatic nerve under ultrasound guidance in a dog, x: femur. (<b>c</b>) A: sciatic tuberosity, B: greater trochanter. Courtesy of Th. Keramidas.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>(<b>a</b>) Lumbosacral epidural, X and Z mark the anatomical landmarks used to perform the lumbosacral epidural, X: cranial points or wings of the ileum, Z: lumbar vertebra L7. (<b>b</b>) sacrococcygeal epidural, S: sacrum, C: 1st coccygeal vertebra.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Intercostal block. At the proximal third of the pleura, the tip of the needle touches the pleura and is then gently redirected caudally, where the local anaesthetic is injected after aspiration. F: frontal or cranial aspect/direction, C: caudal aspect/direction.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p><span class="html-italic">Quadratus lumborum</span> block (QLB) in a dog. L6: vertebral body of the 6th lumbar vertebra, TP: transverse process, red arrow: position of the needle for the QLB block, red circle: <span class="html-italic">QL</span> muscle. Courtesy of Ch. Venieris.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Location to perform the <span class="html-italic">Transversus abdominis</span> (TAP) plane block. L6: vertebral body of the 6th lumbar vertebra, TRANS: <span class="html-italic">Transversus abdominis</span> muscle. Courtesy of Ch. Venieris.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessArticle
Development and Validation of the Pet-Related Stress Scale
by
Angela Matijczak, Camie A. Tomlinson, Jennifer W. Applebaum, Lori R. Kogan and Shelby E. McDonald
Pets 2024, 1(2), 70-87; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1020008 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
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Results of studies examining relations between human–animal interactions and human health and wellbeing have been inconsistent. This may be due, in part, to the scarcity of measures developed to assess levels of stress experienced when living with a pet (i.e., pet-related stress). This
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Results of studies examining relations between human–animal interactions and human health and wellbeing have been inconsistent. This may be due, in part, to the scarcity of measures developed to assess levels of stress experienced when living with a pet (i.e., pet-related stress). This study developed and validated the Pet-Related Stress Scale (PRSS), a measure of general, multispecies pet-related stress among US pet owners. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis using the R software package to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PRSS and test competing model structures. We assessed validity through bivariate analyses between the PRSS and psychological stress, general stress, social support, and coping self-efficacy. Then, we conducted multiple group analysis to evaluate measurement invariance across age, race, Latine ethnicity, sexuality, gender, and gender modality. A three-factor model of pet-related stress (economic, psychological, and social stress) was the best fit for the data. Our results support convergent and divergent validity. However, the PRSS did not demonstrate measurement invariance across demographic groups. The PRSS is a promising measure of economic, psychological, and social stress related to owning pets that needs additional testing and refinement for use with marginalized populations most impacted by social disparities.
Full article
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Open AccessReview
The Effects of Dog Behavioural Problems on Owner Well-Being: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions
by
Ana Maria Barcelos, Niko Kargas and Daniel Mills
Pets 2024, 1(1), 53-69; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010007 - 11 Jun 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
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Dog behavioural problems are one of the main reasons for dog relinquishment. Studies on how dog behavioural problems affect owner well-being are limited. We review the literature concerning the link between dog behavioural problems and owner well-being. We propose practical solutions to minimize
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Dog behavioural problems are one of the main reasons for dog relinquishment. Studies on how dog behavioural problems affect owner well-being are limited. We review the literature concerning the link between dog behavioural problems and owner well-being. We propose practical solutions to minimize the negative impacts of behavioural problems on human well-being and dog welfare, whilst suggesting future research directions. Twenty-one studies were included in the literature review. These indicate that dog behavioural problems may particularly reduce social interactions, and increase negative emotions of high arousal, such as stress and frustration, caregiver burden and symptoms of both depression and anxiety in their owners. To improve both owner well-being and dog welfare, we suggest targeting three areas: practical behavioural support for the dog–human dyad, social support for owners and psychological support for owners. Considering the lack of research in the field, further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between dog behavioural problems and human well-being, such as how the three areas previously mentioned may affect dog relinquishment and owner well-being.
Full article
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<p>Schematic illustration of three key aspects of the intervention that should be considered in cases where dog behavioural problems worsen owner well-being, and the potential outcomes of successful intervention.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Some potential factors to consider that influence how dog behavioural problems affect owner well-being.</p> Full article ">
<p>Schematic illustration of three key aspects of the intervention that should be considered in cases where dog behavioural problems worsen owner well-being, and the potential outcomes of successful intervention.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Some potential factors to consider that influence how dog behavioural problems affect owner well-being.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessArticle
Calprotectin and β-Catenin Expression in Canine Hepatoid Gland Tumors and Correlation with Macrophage Infiltration
by
Claudia Rifici, Giada Giambrone, Stefania Di Giorgio, Ettore Napoli, Gabriele Marino, Giuseppe Mazzullo and Alessandra Sfacteria
Pets 2024, 1(1), 44-52; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010006 - 8 Jun 2024
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β-catenin is deregulated in cancer malignancies and drives the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Calprotectin plays antioxidant activities, modulates inflammation and immune responses, and influences cell migration and invasion. Calprotectin can contribute to the progression of various types of cancer. Macrophages expressing calprotectin (MAC387) have
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β-catenin is deregulated in cancer malignancies and drives the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Calprotectin plays antioxidant activities, modulates inflammation and immune responses, and influences cell migration and invasion. Calprotectin can contribute to the progression of various types of cancer. Macrophages expressing calprotectin (MAC387) have been related to M1 polarization and promote EMT. In this study, β-catenin and calprotectin expression in canine hepatoid gland tumors and its relationship with MAC387-positive macrophages is reported. Β-catenin was membranous and strong in hyperplasia and adenomas, moderate or weak in well-differentiated carcinomas, and absent in less-well-differentiated carcinomas. In cells with squamous differentiation, β-catenin was weak or absent. In benign and malignant lesions, MAC/387 positivity was found in both macrophages and clusters of cells with squamous differentiation arranged in whorls centered on ductal-like spaces. These clusters were more voluminous in carcinomas, sometimes with a center of lamellar keratin (horny pearls) and were surrounded by neoplastic hepatoid cells variably positive to calprotectin. The number of calprotectin-positive macrophages progressively increased in the stroma of carcinomas. These findings suggest that hepatoid glands are a useful model for studying the different roles of β-catenin and calprotectin in the tumor milieu and their involvement in tumor differentiation and EMT.
Full article
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<p>Canine hepatoid glands. Normal glands (<b>a</b>, 10×), hyperplasia/adenoma (<b>b</b>, 10×), well-differentiated carcinoma (<b>c</b>, 5×) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (<b>d</b>, 5×). Hematoxylin&Eosin stain.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin in hepatoid gland tumors. (<b>a</b>) Adenoma: strong dark brown membranous stain; (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) well-differentiated carcinomas: moderate or scarce membrane staining; (<b>d</b>) less-well-differentiated carcinomas: rare or absent membrane staining. Note the different stain patterns in the same microscopic field (<b>b</b>) from the well-differentiated (<b>left</b>) to the less differentiated cells (<b>right</b>). IHC, 20×.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>β-catenin and calprotectin (MAC-387). β-catenin is weak or absent in squamous-differentiated cells (<b>a</b>, asterisk); macrophages and clusters of cells with minimal atypia, oval to elongated, loosely arranged and separated by thin cytoplasmic bridges or characterized by a large cytoplasm of homogeneous appearance, translucent and containing a fading or absent nucleus (squamous metaplasia) arranged in whorls centered on ductal-like spaces (<b>b</b>, arrow). Clusters of squamous cells in carcinomas, surrounded by neoplastic hepatoid cells variably positive to calprotectin (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>, arrow). IHC, 10×.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Bar chart showing the different distributions of macrophages for adenomas, and well-differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas.</p> Full article ">
<p>Canine hepatoid glands. Normal glands (<b>a</b>, 10×), hyperplasia/adenoma (<b>b</b>, 10×), well-differentiated carcinoma (<b>c</b>, 5×) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (<b>d</b>, 5×). Hematoxylin&Eosin stain.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin in hepatoid gland tumors. (<b>a</b>) Adenoma: strong dark brown membranous stain; (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) well-differentiated carcinomas: moderate or scarce membrane staining; (<b>d</b>) less-well-differentiated carcinomas: rare or absent membrane staining. Note the different stain patterns in the same microscopic field (<b>b</b>) from the well-differentiated (<b>left</b>) to the less differentiated cells (<b>right</b>). IHC, 20×.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>β-catenin and calprotectin (MAC-387). β-catenin is weak or absent in squamous-differentiated cells (<b>a</b>, asterisk); macrophages and clusters of cells with minimal atypia, oval to elongated, loosely arranged and separated by thin cytoplasmic bridges or characterized by a large cytoplasm of homogeneous appearance, translucent and containing a fading or absent nucleus (squamous metaplasia) arranged in whorls centered on ductal-like spaces (<b>b</b>, arrow). Clusters of squamous cells in carcinomas, surrounded by neoplastic hepatoid cells variably positive to calprotectin (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>, arrow). IHC, 10×.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Bar chart showing the different distributions of macrophages for adenomas, and well-differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessBrief Report
A Qualitative Exploration of Young Canadians’ Experiences of Undesired Dog Behaviours
by
Renata Roma, Christine Tardif-Williams, Shannon Moore and Patricia Pendry
Pets 2024, 1(1), 33-43; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010005 - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
There is a need for research that explores the challenges associated with dog ownership. In particular, increasing our understanding of how young people manage their dog’s undesired behaviours can inform a more nuanced perspective of dog ownership as well as highlight the impact
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There is a need for research that explores the challenges associated with dog ownership. In particular, increasing our understanding of how young people manage their dog’s undesired behaviours can inform a more nuanced perspective of dog ownership as well as highlight the impact of such interactions on both dogs and young people. This qualitative study addresses this gap in the human–animal interactions literature through a secondary analysis of a data set of transcribed semi-structured interviews with seven participants aged between 17–26 years. The data were collected during a larger investigation that focused on young people’s relationships with their dogs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using thematic analyses, we examined interviews that probed participants’ experiences and responses when their dogs misbehaved. The findings identified and explored three emerging themes including Attachment Patterns, which was supported by the codes of connection and kinship. The second theme was Synchrony and/or Lack of Synchrony, which was supported by the codes of reaction and communication. The third theme was Response to Challenging Situations, supported by the codes of emotional reactions and coping styles. Findings suggest that participants handled their dog’s undesired behaviours in unique ways and that such situations may negatively impact their emotions. Undesired dog behaviours were not related to participants’ perceptions of poor attachment patterns towards their dogs. These findings can inform efforts to foster positive interactions between young people and their dogs and reduce dog surrenders.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Reasons Why Dog Owners Stop Feeding Raw Meat-Based Diets (RMBDs)—An Online Survey
by
Lilly Laurea Baum, Yury Zablotski, Kathrin Busch and Petra Koelle
Pets 2024, 1(1), 20-32; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010004 - 12 Apr 2024
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Feeding raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) is becoming increasingly popular among dog owners. The concerns of veterinarians and scientists about this feeding method and its risks are topic of many publications. The present study aimed to determine why dog owners stop feeding raw diets
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Feeding raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) is becoming increasingly popular among dog owners. The concerns of veterinarians and scientists about this feeding method and its risks are topic of many publications. The present study aimed to determine why dog owners stop feeding raw diets and whether this change in diet is connected to health issues in dogs. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire in the German language. The survey included questions about the signalment and health status of the dog, past RMBDs, and the reasons behind the change in the diet or discontinuation of an RMBD. Questionnaires answered by 802 pet owners, each describing a single dog, were included in the final analysis. The three primary reasons to stop feeding an RMBD were intolerance of the diet (24%, n = 196/802), which was expressed exclusively in gastrointestinal signs, disease (20%, n = 163/802), which was a gastrointestinal disease in 64% (n = 104/163) of cases (13%, n = 104/802), and an unwillingness to eat the raw diet (15%, n = 117/802). Overall, 37% (n = 300) of all participants terminated feeding an RMBD due to gastrointestinal problems. Gastrointestinal problems are a significant reason for discontinuation of the RMBD. In cases of gastrointestinal complaints, a detailed diet history should be asked for, and a diet change should be considered as a solution.
Full article
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<p>Probabilities of diseases calculated by the univariable logistic regression, with the existence of illness as primary reason (yes or no) as a response variable (outcome) and type of disease as a single predictor (risk factor) with the different disease types as categories. The total number of observations was 1944. ● = Percentage of illness among all participants who cited illness as a reason for quitting RMBD.</p> Full article ">
<p>Probabilities of diseases calculated by the univariable logistic regression, with the existence of illness as primary reason (yes or no) as a response variable (outcome) and type of disease as a single predictor (risk factor) with the different disease types as categories. The total number of observations was 1944. ● = Percentage of illness among all participants who cited illness as a reason for quitting RMBD.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessCase Report
Surgically Treated Hind-Limb Fibromyxochondroma in a Cranwell’s Horned Frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli)
by
Matteo Serpieri, Giuseppe Bonaffini, Chiara Ottino, Lorella Maniscalco, Giuseppe Quaranta and Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld
Pets 2024, 1(1), 11-19; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010003 - 9 Apr 2024
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Ceratophrys cranwelli, commonly known as the Cranwell’s horned frog or Pacman frog, is an amphibian species native to South America. This species has gained interest both as a pet among hobbyists and as a subject of scientific inquiry in veterinary medicine. A two-year-old
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Ceratophrys cranwelli, commonly known as the Cranwell’s horned frog or Pacman frog, is an amphibian species native to South America. This species has gained interest both as a pet among hobbyists and as a subject of scientific inquiry in veterinary medicine. A two-year-old pet male albino Ceratophrys cranwelli was presented exhibiting lethargy, weight loss, and anorexia, persisting for two months. Clinical examination revealed a fracture localized to the proximal third of the left femur accompanied by an osteolytic process. The patient was discharged with a treatment regimen for suspected secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism and an ulcerative skin lesion. Nevertheless, due to the progressive deterioration of the left thigh, amputation of the affected limb was proposed and performed at the coxofemoral joint. Histopathological analysis of the excised mass revealed an atypical mesenchymal mass consistent with a fibromyxochondroma. The surgical procedure was conducted under anesthesia induced by a combination of alfaxalone, ketamine, medetomidine, and butorphanol, with postoperative treatment consisting of enrofloxacin, meloxicam, and butorphanol. The patient showed good post-surgical recovery, exhibiting normal physiological and behavioral activities. This report highlights the management and the diagnostic challenges of a progressive limb lesion in a Ceratophrys cranwelli, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches for similar cases in amphibians.
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<p>(<b>a</b>) Enlarged and deformed left thigh of the Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratophrys cranwelli</span>), with an ulcerated lesion noted on its cranial aspect. (<b>b</b>) Whole body radiograph of the Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratoprhys cranwelli</span>) in ventral recumbency, showing a fracture of the proximal third of the femur (white arrow) and an osteolytic process in its distal part (black arrow).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) The Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratophrys cranwelli</span>) in dorsal recumbency after intubation with a 2.0 mm endotracheal tube, prior to surgery. (<b>b</b>) Muscle dissection using a plasma scalpel after skin incision.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Skin suture after amputation of the left hind limb in the Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratophrys cranwelli</span>). (<b>b</b>) The frog in ventral recumbency after the surgical procedure before recovery.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Histological section of the excised mass. (<b>a</b>) Detail of neoplastic mass composed by areas of spindle cells and areas of chondroid metaplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 250 µm. (<b>b</b>) Higher magnification of the area of chondroid metaplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 50 µm.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Histological section showing the neoplastic mass, composed of spindle cells infiltrating bone tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 250 µm.</p> Full article ">
<p>(<b>a</b>) Enlarged and deformed left thigh of the Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratophrys cranwelli</span>), with an ulcerated lesion noted on its cranial aspect. (<b>b</b>) Whole body radiograph of the Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratoprhys cranwelli</span>) in ventral recumbency, showing a fracture of the proximal third of the femur (white arrow) and an osteolytic process in its distal part (black arrow).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) The Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratophrys cranwelli</span>) in dorsal recumbency after intubation with a 2.0 mm endotracheal tube, prior to surgery. (<b>b</b>) Muscle dissection using a plasma scalpel after skin incision.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Skin suture after amputation of the left hind limb in the Cranwell’s horned frog (<span class="html-italic">Ceratophrys cranwelli</span>). (<b>b</b>) The frog in ventral recumbency after the surgical procedure before recovery.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Histological section of the excised mass. (<b>a</b>) Detail of neoplastic mass composed by areas of spindle cells and areas of chondroid metaplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 250 µm. (<b>b</b>) Higher magnification of the area of chondroid metaplasia. Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 50 µm.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Histological section showing the neoplastic mass, composed of spindle cells infiltrating bone tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin, bar = 250 µm.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessCommunication
Lead Contamination in Meat and Offal from Game (Ruminants), Destined for Raw Feeding of Dogs and Retailed in Austria
by
Peter Paulsen, Sarah Lindinger, Karin Eder-Rohm, Gerhard Eder and Susanne Bauer
Pets 2024, 1(1), 3-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010002 - 20 Mar 2024
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Bullet-derived lead (Pb) is a food safety hazard in meat from hunted wild game. Dogs can be exposed to alimentary Pb when fed with meat from wild game. We studied Pb contamination in 47 commercial “bones-and-raw-food” (BARF) packages from wild game meat and
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Bullet-derived lead (Pb) is a food safety hazard in meat from hunted wild game. Dogs can be exposed to alimentary Pb when fed with meat from wild game. We studied Pb contamination in 47 commercial “bones-and-raw-food” (BARF) packages from wild game meat and offal sold in Austria. Samples were first tested with a metal detector (calibrated for 2.5 mm diameter objects), then by X-ray, and Pb content was determined in sample areas free from metal-dense particles (as assessed in radiographs). Three samples tested positive by the metal detector (particle sizes ranged from 3 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm to 10 mm × 8 mm × 5 mm), with two particles from lead and one from tombac. Metal-dense objects were found in radiographs of 35/47 samples. In 13/47 samples, particles > 1 mm in diameter, and in 33/47 samples, smaller ones (median of five particles per sample) were noted. Lead content was above 1.5 mg/kg wet weight in 19/47 samples and exceeded the limit for general animal feed of 10 mg/kg wet weight in 5 of these 19 samples. The Pb contents as well as the presence of metal particles indicate that there is a feed safety issue in the samples analyzed. By a metal detector, the presence of large fragments was indicated in three samples, which casts doubt on whether all producers use a metal detector to scan the packages before delivery.
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<p>X-ray of packages containing minced meat from wild game and that had tested positive for metal parts by the metal detector. (<b>a</b>) To the left, a large metal-dense object (bright white) is seen below the bone fragments; additional larger dense objects are seen in the bottom (middle and right) section, together with a group of smaller objects near the center (Pb content of the sample was 49.5 mg/kg); (<b>b</b>) one large object >2 mm, and two objects around 1 mm in diameter (Pb content = 22.4 mg/kg).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>X-ray of packages containing minced meat from wild game that had tested negative for metal parts by the metal detector. (<b>a</b>) Near to the center, a metal-dense object of ca. 1.5 mm diameter (Pb content < 1.5 mg/kg); (<b>b</b>) one object of <1 mm diameter, smaller dense objects (Pb content = 57.1 mg/kg) and larger bone fragments.</p> Full article ">
<p>X-ray of packages containing minced meat from wild game and that had tested positive for metal parts by the metal detector. (<b>a</b>) To the left, a large metal-dense object (bright white) is seen below the bone fragments; additional larger dense objects are seen in the bottom (middle and right) section, together with a group of smaller objects near the center (Pb content of the sample was 49.5 mg/kg); (<b>b</b>) one large object >2 mm, and two objects around 1 mm in diameter (Pb content = 22.4 mg/kg).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>X-ray of packages containing minced meat from wild game that had tested negative for metal parts by the metal detector. (<b>a</b>) Near to the center, a metal-dense object of ca. 1.5 mm diameter (Pb content < 1.5 mg/kg); (<b>b</b>) one object of <1 mm diameter, smaller dense objects (Pb content = 57.1 mg/kg) and larger bone fragments.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessEditorial
A New Journal Focusing on Companion Animals—A Welcome Message from the Editor-in-Chief
by
Jan S. Suchodolski
Pets 2024, 1(1), 1-2; https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1010001 - 19 Mar 2024
Abstract
More than half of US and European households own one or more pets [...]
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