Journal Description
Medical Sciences Forum
Medical Sciences Forum
is an open access journal dedicated to publishing findings resulting from academic conferences, workshops and similar events in all areas of medical sciences, for advances in basic, translational and clinical research and related disciplines. The conference organizers and proceedings editors are responsible for managing the peer-review process and selecting papers for conference proceedings.
Latest Articles
Promoting Sustainable Agriculture: Impacts of Innovative Soil Management Approaches on Human Health and Ecosystems
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025011 - 7 Aug 2024
Abstract
Soil use and its proper management are key elements of sustainable development. However, given the complexity of the issue, it is necessary to address it using an interdisciplinary approach. The proposed work aims to analyze the consequences, in terms of damage assessment, of
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Soil use and its proper management are key elements of sustainable development. However, given the complexity of the issue, it is necessary to address it using an interdisciplinary approach. The proposed work aims to analyze the consequences, in terms of damage assessment, of two different soil management systems of a cereal crop through the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. One system follows a traditional approach and the other utilizes a Decision Support System (DSS). The long-term impacts on human health, ecosystems, and resource availability are calculated by employing the ReCiPe 2016 endpoint method. The results show notable reductions in resource use and environmental impacts with DSS, with a 41% decrease in damage to human health, a 24% reduction in ecosystem damage, and a 23% reduction in resource use. Hence, implementing new technologies and new management strategies in agriculture can lead to more sustainable management choices and can avoid long-term burdens compared to a traditional approach.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Participative Dimension: “Leave No One Behind”
by
Paula Sol Ventura, Marina Romeo, Sergi Valera, Jordi Serrano, Carolina Belenger-Hurtado, Felip Miralles, Joima Panisello, Maria Lledó-Cisneros, Irene Baños-Ruiz, Cristina Romera-Castillo, Francesc Font Rovira, Sonia Hernandez-Montaño-Bou, Daniel Turon, Domenico Vito and Fernando Valladares
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025010 - 24 Jun 2024
Abstract
Numerous authors emphasize climate change’s profound impact on physical, mental, and community health, particularly highlighting the rising concern of ecological anxiety. The participatory dimension of the KOSMA Observatory, “Leaving No One Behind”, sought to explore this issue. Initially, we presented Spain’s perceptions and
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Numerous authors emphasize climate change’s profound impact on physical, mental, and community health, particularly highlighting the rising concern of ecological anxiety. The participatory dimension of the KOSMA Observatory, “Leaving No One Behind”, sought to explore this issue. Initially, we presented Spain’s perceptions and trends of eco-anxiety, along with the utilized platform. Subsequently, a roundtable delved into eco-anxiety and emotions, followed by a panel showcasing practical examples of transforming emotions into positive actions. The session concluded with a final reflection on these ideas.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Barrio Logan Case Study: Modern Environmental Injustice
by
Marco Nunez Moctezuma and Gabriela Fernandez
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025009 - 10 May 2024
Abstract
Barrio Logan is a Mexican American community in San Diego in which industrial companies and residences share a space enclosed by a bay and an interstate. Ever since WWII, the Barrio Logan community has faced environmental injustice. There is a gap in Barrio
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Barrio Logan is a Mexican American community in San Diego in which industrial companies and residences share a space enclosed by a bay and an interstate. Ever since WWII, the Barrio Logan community has faced environmental injustice. There is a gap in Barrio Logan’s ability to self-monitor, so business models were developed to bring forth citizen science projects based on data collected from government environmental studies, the nurse’s office at Barrio Logan’s Perkins K-8 School, and interviews with Perkins K-8 School’s principal and the director and staff at the Chicano Park Museum and Cultural Center. It was found that children in Barrio Logan are experiencing a health crisis. Homelessness, single-parent households, unemployment, gentrification, low-wage jobs, continuous diesel particulate matter exposure, and high levels of asthma can be found in Barrio Logan. There is a lack of easily accessible, community-wide health programs that address ACEs and a lack of air pollution monitoring.
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<p>Total student visits to the nurse’s office at Perkins for respiratory issues.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Demographics of census tract number 50. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B5-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">5</a>]. 2021, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Socioeconomic disparity of census tract number 50. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B5-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">5</a>]. 2021, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>ACE prevalence in San Diego’s adults. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>ACE types in San Diego’s adults. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>ACE scores in San Diego’s adults by ethnicity. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>ACEs and connections to chronic disease in San Diego’s adults. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Statewide asthma score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 3.0 in 2018.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Statewide asthma score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 4.0 in 2021.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Statewide diesel particulate matter score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 3.0 in 2018.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Statewide diesel particulate matter score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 4.0 in 2021.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Social logical framework.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Environment logical framework.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Economy logical framework.</p> Full article ">
<p>Total student visits to the nurse’s office at Perkins for respiratory issues.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Demographics of census tract number 50. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B5-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">5</a>]. 2021, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Socioeconomic disparity of census tract number 50. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B5-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">5</a>]. 2021, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>ACE prevalence in San Diego’s adults. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>ACE types in San Diego’s adults. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>ACE scores in San Diego’s adults by ethnicity. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>ACEs and connections to chronic disease in San Diego’s adults. Adapted with permission from Ref. [<a href="#B6-msf-25-00009" class="html-bibr">6</a>]. 2022, Community Health Statistics Unit.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Statewide asthma score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 3.0 in 2018.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Statewide asthma score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 4.0 in 2021.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Statewide diesel particulate matter score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 3.0 in 2018.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Statewide diesel particulate matter score for Barrio Logan via CalEnviroScreen 4.0 in 2021.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Social logical framework.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Environment logical framework.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Economy logical framework.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Isolation of Multiresistant Bacterial Strains from Dairy Wastewater: A Public Health Concern in a One Health Perspective
by
Caterina Elisabetta Rizzo, Paola Tripodi, Isabella La Spina, Maria Eufemia Gioffrè, Antonino Virga, Alessio Facciolà and Pasqualina Laganà
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025008 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in the veterinary and zootechnic sectors poses a challenge to the reduction in antibiotic resistance rates. We evaluated the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the wastewater of dairy farms in the Sicily Region, Italy. The samples were examined by
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The use of antibiotics in the veterinary and zootechnic sectors poses a challenge to the reduction in antibiotic resistance rates. We evaluated the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the wastewater of dairy farms in the Sicily Region, Italy. The samples were examined by isolating and identifying the bacterial strains, which were then tested for the main classes of antibiotics. Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were the more commonly isolated strains (18.2%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (15.9%), Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. (13.6%). Macrolides were the drugs against which the highest resistance was detected, followed by tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins. The agri-food chain and zootechnic areas embody an important source of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, and their presence in wastewater from processing factories could play a pivotal role in spreading these microorganisms and in environmental contamination.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Climate Crises Associated with Epidemiological, Environmental, and Ecosystem Effects of a Storm: Flooding, Landslides, and Damage to Urban and Rural Areas (Extreme Weather Events of Storm Daniel in Thessaly, Greece)
by
Ioannis Adamopoulos, Aikaterini Frantzana and Niki Syrou
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025007 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 3
Abstract
The effects of climate crises and disasters must be managed appropriately. These effects can have a considerable influence on public health. This issue relates to epidemiological models and policy regarding climate factors, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and health results. Historical data were
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The effects of climate crises and disasters must be managed appropriately. These effects can have a considerable influence on public health. This issue relates to epidemiological models and policy regarding climate factors, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and health results. Historical data were analyzed so that patterns and connections between climatic factors and health outcomes could be found. Epidemiological models were used to simulate the spread of illnesses. Climate variables were used as inputs to these models to determine their effect on the spread of disease. This study examines the current public health regulations concerning epidemiology, climate change, and establishing new policies or revising existing ones to address the issues found to protect public health. To conclude, immediate efforts are needed to save human lives, protect vulnerable wildlife, and improve public health. Ecological assessments need to be conducted to understand extreme weather events (such as Storm Daniel), monitor ecosystem recovery, and adapt management strategies as needed, as well as to develop disaster preparedness to reduce future risks.
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<p>EFAS chain hydrograph for the hydrological section of Larissa, Pineios River [<a href="#B17-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">17</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), showing the Pineios, Acheloos, and Spercheios rivers in the Thessaly Geographical wide range in the projected population [<a href="#B18-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">18</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Demonstration of how a shift in average temperature influences the frequency of extreme heat [<a href="#B21-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">21</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Relationship between NDVI and TRMM, adapted from Yasmeen et al. (2022) [<a href="#B36-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> Full article ">
<p>EFAS chain hydrograph for the hydrological section of Larissa, Pineios River [<a href="#B17-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">17</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), showing the Pineios, Acheloos, and Spercheios rivers in the Thessaly Geographical wide range in the projected population [<a href="#B18-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">18</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Demonstration of how a shift in average temperature influences the frequency of extreme heat [<a href="#B21-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">21</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Relationship between NDVI and TRMM, adapted from Yasmeen et al. (2022) [<a href="#B36-msf-25-00007" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Developing a Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) Index for Italian Municipalities
by
Julia Nawaro, Lorenzo Gianquintieri and Enrico G. Caiani
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025006 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Since the establishment of the SDGs, related progress at a national level has usually been measured using the province as the smallest geographical aggregation. To cope with this gap, we aimed to develop a methodology for SDG3 index calculation for Italian municipalities. Official
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Since the establishment of the SDGs, related progress at a national level has usually been measured using the province as the smallest geographical aggregation. To cope with this gap, we aimed to develop a methodology for SDG3 index calculation for Italian municipalities. Official data for 2018–2022 were collected to cover 11 of 13 SDG3 targets that were mapped to 29 unique indicators: 10 were computed at municipal level, while for the remaining 19 a lower granularity was applied. The SDG3 index, calculated by weighting the targets equally, ranged from 0 to 1, with higher values corresponding to better goal fulfilment. The methodology was applied to the municipalities in the Lombardy region, where the index spanned 0.538 to 0.769. Since SDG indices contribute to the 2030 Agenda goal achievements at country level, more attention should be paid to the geographical details of assessment through policy information and local benchmarking.
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<p>(<b>a</b>) Location of Lombardy on the map of Italy. (<b>b</b>) The borders of the Lombardy region and its provinces and cities. MI—province of Milan, MB—province of Monza and Brianza, VA—province of Varese, CO—province of Como, LC—province of Lecco, SO—province of Sondrio, BG—province of Bergamo, BR—province of Brescia, MN—province of Mantua, CR—province of Cremona, LO—province of Lodi, PV—province of Pavia.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Availability of SDG3 targets and indicators for Italy.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Final SDG3 index for the Lombardy region.</p> Full article ">
<p>(<b>a</b>) Location of Lombardy on the map of Italy. (<b>b</b>) The borders of the Lombardy region and its provinces and cities. MI—province of Milan, MB—province of Monza and Brianza, VA—province of Varese, CO—province of Como, LC—province of Lecco, SO—province of Sondrio, BG—province of Bergamo, BR—province of Brescia, MN—province of Mantua, CR—province of Cremona, LO—province of Lodi, PV—province of Pavia.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Availability of SDG3 targets and indicators for Italy.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Final SDG3 index for the Lombardy region.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessConference Report
Preface and Abstracts of the 2nd International One Health Conference
by
Margherita Ferrante, Gea Oliveri Conti, Domenico Vito, Gabriela Fernandez, Carol Maione, Paolo Lauriola, Prisco Piscitelli, Melissa Jimenez Gomes Tagle, Carlos Dora, Jordi Serrano Pons, Carole Conforti, Joima Panisello, Paula Sol Ventura, Ilaria Bernotti, Carmen Ruiz Martin, Edgar Buloz, Marcella Trombetta, Giuseppe Banfi and Valentina Tageo
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025005 - 15 Apr 2024
Abstract
The International One Health Conference 2023, scheduled for October in Barcelona, fosters a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to health involving professionals, academics, and decision-makers. Operating in a hybrid format, the conference aims to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and policies, aligning with the
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The International One Health Conference 2023, scheduled for October in Barcelona, fosters a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to health involving professionals, academics, and decision-makers. Operating in a hybrid format, the conference aims to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and policies, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Health in All Policies (HiAP). Emphasizing community involvement and the symbiotic relationship between basic needs, sustainable lifestyles, and empowerment, the conference envisions a comprehensive approach to sustainable development. D’Alisa introduces a framework incorporating participative democracy, recognizing the interconnectedness of economic, social, environmental, and participative democratic dimensions. Framing questions for the conference delve into critical aspects, addressing the integration of the One Health framework within health sectors, emphasizing interlinkages between health, climate change, and decision-making. The conference’s five-dimension framework tackles the complexity of One Health, addressing concerns, solutions, and opportunities in a holistic paradigm.
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Open AccessEditorial
Preface: The 1st International Electronic Conference on Vaccines—RNA Vaccines, Current Challenges and Future Developments
by
François Meurens and Fanny Renois
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 26(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024026005 - 8 Apr 2024
Abstract
The 1st International Electronic Conference on Vaccines: RNA Vaccines, Current Challenges and Future Developments (IECV 2023), was held on 1–15 December 2023 [...]
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Understanding “Eco Anxiety” in Adolescents and Young Adults
by
Julie Garcia Souza
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025004 - 6 Mar 2024
Abstract
As environmental issues become more complex, so do our emotional responses to them. Paul Robbins and Sarah A. Moore offer the term “ecological anxiety” to frame scholarly discourse around a fearful response to the “negative normative influence of humans on the earth” and
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As environmental issues become more complex, so do our emotional responses to them. Paul Robbins and Sarah A. Moore offer the term “ecological anxiety” to frame scholarly discourse around a fearful response to the “negative normative influence of humans on the earth” and the “inherent influence of normative human values within one’s own science”. This comprehensive literature review unpacks the implications of “eco anxiety” within. The eco anxiety framework is relatively new, with minimal consensus on symptomatic criteria. To appropriately reflect the thoughts, emotions, and experiences of adolescents and young adults, this literature review encourages more accessible climate communication for the sake of the public and science community. Furthermore, more avenues of research are needed to study the term eco anxiety to fit a global context extending beyond Western understanding.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches
by
Rossella Grappa, Virginia Venezia, Brigida Silvestri, Aniello Costantini and Giuseppina Luciani
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025003 - 26 Feb 2024
Abstract
Lignin, a main byproduct from paper manufacturing and biorefineries, is now emerging as a new low-cost, renewable starting material for new product development. Its biocompatibility and safety make it valuable for creating novel and value-added products. Lignin, a polymer with many hydrophilic and
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Lignin, a main byproduct from paper manufacturing and biorefineries, is now emerging as a new low-cost, renewable starting material for new product development. Its biocompatibility and safety make it valuable for creating novel and value-added products. Lignin, a polymer with many hydrophilic and active groups, confers many useful properties. However, there are several challenges to overcome due to its complex chemical structure and heterogeneous self-assembly behavior. Nanostructured systems using lignin could address these challenges, finding applications in food science, cosmetics, and healthcare. This study explores two main green synthesis approaches for lignin nanoparticles: bottom-up based on the self-assembly in a solvent–antisolvent system and top-down based on the ultrasonication. These nanoparticles are evaluated for morphology, estimation of phenolic content and antioxidant effects. Specifically, the antisolvent nanostructures show a spherical conformation with a higher antioxidant activity due to a better organization of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Obtained result have been exploited to draw an efficient and cheap technological route for lignin valorization.
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<p>Micrograph SEM of (<b>a</b>) AS-1LNPs and (<b>b</b>) AS-6LNPs, (<b>c</b>) US-1LNPs and (<b>d</b>) US-6LNPs, with a 30,000× magnification.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Estimation of phenolic content of all samples.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Estimation of antioxidant activity of all samples.</p> Full article ">
<p>Micrograph SEM of (<b>a</b>) AS-1LNPs and (<b>b</b>) AS-6LNPs, (<b>c</b>) US-1LNPs and (<b>d</b>) US-6LNPs, with a 30,000× magnification.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Estimation of phenolic content of all samples.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Estimation of antioxidant activity of all samples.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Towards a One Health Assessment of Artisanal and Informal Mining in Benue State, Nigeria
by
Samuel N. Paul, Chiara Frazzoli and Orish E. Orisakwe
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025002 - 22 Feb 2024
Abstract
This study evaluated the eco-health risk associated with exposure to lead (Pb) in mining sites in Benue State, Nigeria. Lead contamination was assessed in 48 water samples and 40 human blood samples. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for Pb analysis and ELISA
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This study evaluated the eco-health risk associated with exposure to lead (Pb) in mining sites in Benue State, Nigeria. Lead contamination was assessed in 48 water samples and 40 human blood samples. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for Pb analysis and ELISA kits for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) analysis. A correlation was found between the blood Pb level (BLL) and the upregulation of KIM-1. The BLL of females was slightly higher than males, resulting in a higher inflammatory response through increased TNF-α levels. An increased inflammatory response due to chronic Pb exposure was observed with age. Miners and farmers around the mining sites recorded higher TNF-α levels compared to businesspeople, thus suggesting direct exposure to other mining-associated contaminants. Artisanal and informal mining impact environmental health and the Pb body burden.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Public Health Implications of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife at the One Health Interface
by
Julio A. Benavides, Marilia Salgado-Caxito, Carmen Torres and Sylvain Godreuil
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025001 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (CARBA) Enterobacterales is a main global cause of human deaths and a major health burden to domestic animals. AMR circulation in wildlife has also been reported worldwide, but the public health impact and
[...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (CARBA) Enterobacterales is a main global cause of human deaths and a major health burden to domestic animals. AMR circulation in wildlife has also been reported worldwide, but the public health impact and the policy actions that could limit this circulation remain unknown. Here, we summarize the key trends of AMR in wildlife, clarify the use of the term ‘reservoir’ when referring to AMR in wildlife, identify whether national plans to tackle AMR in Latin America and Europe include wildlife, and discuss the public health implications of this circulation. We provide recommendations for AMR surveillance and prevention among wild animals, as well as the key scientific knowledge gaps that are hindering understanding its dynamics. We expect our conclusions to shed light on the necessity and degree of prevention and control regarding AMR in wildlife at the human–animal–environment interface.
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<p>Number of studies including ‘antimicrobial resistance’ and ‘wildlife‘ in their title and abstract published in PubMed between 1999 and 2022. (<b>A</b>) The number of articles per year was counted using the RISmed package in R and the query ‘Antimicrobial resistance [Title/Abstract] AND wildlife [Title/Abstract]’. The year 2023 was excluded given incomplete information. (<b>B</b>) The number of articles obtained in (<b>A</b>) was normalized (divided) by the total number of articles published in PubMed per year.</p> Full article ">
<p>Number of studies including ‘antimicrobial resistance’ and ‘wildlife‘ in their title and abstract published in PubMed between 1999 and 2022. (<b>A</b>) The number of articles per year was counted using the RISmed package in R and the query ‘Antimicrobial resistance [Title/Abstract] AND wildlife [Title/Abstract]’. The year 2023 was excluded given incomplete information. (<b>B</b>) The number of articles obtained in (<b>A</b>) was normalized (divided) by the total number of articles published in PubMed per year.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Prevalence of Self-Medicated Use of Antibiotics among the Population in Ernakulam District in Kerala, India
by
Divya Nair, Padinchare Veettil Gayathri and Girish Gopinath
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 24(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECA2023-16478 - 26 Jan 2024
Abstract
Self-medication (SM) of antibiotics has become a prevalent reason for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to assess the use of self-medication practices with antibiotics and related factors among the population of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Sore throat (34%) and cough (26%)
[...] Read more.
Self-medication (SM) of antibiotics has become a prevalent reason for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to assess the use of self-medication practices with antibiotics and related factors among the population of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Sore throat (34%) and cough (26%) are found to be the major reasons for the self-usage of antibiotics among people. Various antibiotics commonly used for self-medication were amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. Reasons for the use of antibiotic self-medication were previous successful experiences (7.7%), convenience (11.5%), and to save costs (3.8%). Improper antibiotic use may lead to drug overuse and thereby antibiotic resistance. Hence, it should be taken only under strict supervision by an expert.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
MUSHROOMS4LIFE: Decoding the Molecular Basis of a Cancer-Fighting Small RNA Extracted from Edible Mushrooms
by
Inês Sá, Miguel Ribeiro, Fernando M. Nunes, Guilhermina Marques, Raquel Chaves and Daniela Ferreira
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023009 - 23 Jan 2024
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been considered an excellent source of nutraceuticals with high potential to prevent diseases such as cancer. Recently the anti-cancer potential of a small RNA (sRNA) fraction isolated from C. cibarius was described. To better understand its molecular nature, a study
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Edible mushrooms have been considered an excellent source of nutraceuticals with high potential to prevent diseases such as cancer. Recently the anti-cancer potential of a small RNA (sRNA) fraction isolated from C. cibarius was described. To better understand its molecular nature, a study was carried out regarding the anti-cancer potential of sRNAs isolated from different mushroom species. Apart from the isolation of RNA-rich fractions by anion exchange chromatography, miRNA’s extraction was also carried out using a commercial kit. The anti-proliferative activity of the different samples was tested in normal and cancer cell lines. Our data demonstrated differences regarding sRNA anti-cancer activity in different mushroom species, and this suggests that the sRNA fractions with anti-cancer potential are enriched in a specific sequence. These results reaffirm mushrooms as a source of bioactive compounds. In particular, the RNA-enriched isolated fractions demonstrated important anticancer potential.
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<p>Cell viability percentage of HDFn and Caco-2 cells treated with 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 250 µg/mL of ABIA (<b>A</b>); BEDA (<b>B</b>); BEDB (<b>C</b>); CCI3 (<b>D</b>). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by one way ANOVA. ns—non-significant, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001, **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.0001.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Cell viability percentage of the HDFn and Caco-2 cells treated with BEDS, ABIS, BEDH, and ABIH. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by one way ANOVA. ns—non-significant, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Representative images of RNA-FISH with a specific probe for miRNA isolated from CCI3 in Caco-2 Control (untreated), CCI3-, and BEDB-treated cells. The hybridization signals are represented in red, and the nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (in blue).</p> Full article ">
<p>Cell viability percentage of HDFn and Caco-2 cells treated with 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 250 µg/mL of ABIA (<b>A</b>); BEDA (<b>B</b>); BEDB (<b>C</b>); CCI3 (<b>D</b>). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by one way ANOVA. ns—non-significant, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001, **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.0001.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Cell viability percentage of the HDFn and Caco-2 cells treated with BEDS, ABIS, BEDH, and ABIH. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by one way ANOVA. ns—non-significant, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Representative images of RNA-FISH with a specific probe for miRNA isolated from CCI3 in Caco-2 Control (untreated), CCI3-, and BEDB-treated cells. The hybridization signals are represented in red, and the nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (in blue).</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Protein Extraction from Arthrospira platensis for Use in Food Processing
by
Elisa Costa, Miguel Ribeiro, Luís Filipe-Ribeiro, Fernanda Cosme and Fernando M. Nunes
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023008 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1
Abstract
Algae protein has emerged as a sustainable and non-allergenic alternative to animal protein as the market seeks to reduce reliance on traditional animal protein sources. To effectively utilize algae protein isolates, particularly from Arthrospira platensis, it is essential to develop an efficient
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Algae protein has emerged as a sustainable and non-allergenic alternative to animal protein as the market seeks to reduce reliance on traditional animal protein sources. To effectively utilize algae protein isolates, particularly from Arthrospira platensis, it is essential to develop an efficient method for protein extraction and isolation that can be scaled up. This work aims to optimize the extraction conditions to obtain high-purity protein extracts. HPLC-DAD was used to determine the total and free amino acid profiles, while SDS-PAGE and HPLC-MS/MS were used for the protein characterization. An optimized extraction method was selected based on achieving the highest protein content and purity.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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<p>Representation of the various protein extraction conditions tested.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Total amino acid content and extractability were obtained using the diverse methods tested. For each sum of amino acids (%), bars with the same letter are not significantly different (Scheffé test, <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) SDS-PAGE profile of the protein extract from method 3 (in triplicate). Sizes (in kilodaltons) of protein molecular weight markers are shown on the left (Precision Plus Protein All Blue Prestained Protein Standards, Bio-Rad, CA, USA); (<b>b</b>) peptide mass fingerprinting results of the most representative bands (highlighted with a red rectangle in (<b>a</b>)).</p> Full article ">
<p>Representation of the various protein extraction conditions tested.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Total amino acid content and extractability were obtained using the diverse methods tested. For each sum of amino acids (%), bars with the same letter are not significantly different (Scheffé test, <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) SDS-PAGE profile of the protein extract from method 3 (in triplicate). Sizes (in kilodaltons) of protein molecular weight markers are shown on the left (Precision Plus Protein All Blue Prestained Protein Standards, Bio-Rad, CA, USA); (<b>b</b>) peptide mass fingerprinting results of the most representative bands (highlighted with a red rectangle in (<b>a</b>)).</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Shotgun Proteomics: A Powerful Tool for Investigating the Chemical Complexity of Biscuit Melanoidins
by
João Siopa, Miguel Ribeiro, Fernanda Cosme and Fernando M. Nunes
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023007 - 12 Jan 2024
Abstract
Melanoidins are the final products of the Maillard reaction (MR), a non-enzymatic browning reaction that occurs during food thermal processing, including biscuits, which are widely consumed. This work developed a novel technique for extracting biscuit melanoidins. Using shotgun proteomics, proteins involved in melanoidin
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Melanoidins are the final products of the Maillard reaction (MR), a non-enzymatic browning reaction that occurs during food thermal processing, including biscuits, which are widely consumed. This work developed a novel technique for extracting biscuit melanoidins. Using shotgun proteomics, proteins involved in melanoidin formation were studied, and potential MR-induced protein modifications were investigated to elucidate the chemical structure and formation of biscuit melanoidins. It was observed that gluten proteins and soluble wheat flour-derived proteins were involved in melanoidin formation, along with the detection of protein modifications. These findings highlight shotgun proteomics as a promising tool for understanding biscuit melanoidins.
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<p>Summary of the four fractionation steps to which biscuit and flour samples were subjected.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Fractionation yields of each sample, based on the flour used in baking; (<b>b</b>) Fractionation yields relative to the total material obtained in each extraction step (Gliadins + Glutenins + Melanoidin fraction).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Browning index obtained for each fraction of each sample; (<b>b</b>) Number of proteins identified in the initial fraction of each sample; and (<b>c</b>) Number of proteins observed in the melanoidins fraction of each sample.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) Peptide from the BSA + Glyoxal model with CML; (<b>b</b>) Peptide from the BSA + Glucose model with FL; (<b>c</b>) Peptide of an HMW glutenin, from the Gluten + Fructose model, with Pyr; and (<b>d</b>) Peptide from a gamma-gliadin in the melanoidin fraction of BB, with ArgPyrimidine.</p> Full article ">
<p>Summary of the four fractionation steps to which biscuit and flour samples were subjected.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) Fractionation yields of each sample, based on the flour used in baking; (<b>b</b>) Fractionation yields relative to the total material obtained in each extraction step (Gliadins + Glutenins + Melanoidin fraction).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Browning index obtained for each fraction of each sample; (<b>b</b>) Number of proteins identified in the initial fraction of each sample; and (<b>c</b>) Number of proteins observed in the melanoidins fraction of each sample.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) Peptide from the BSA + Glyoxal model with CML; (<b>b</b>) Peptide from the BSA + Glucose model with FL; (<b>c</b>) Peptide of an HMW glutenin, from the Gluten + Fructose model, with Pyr; and (<b>d</b>) Peptide from a gamma-gliadin in the melanoidin fraction of BB, with ArgPyrimidine.</p> Full article ">
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Enzymatic Reduction of Sugar Content in Sucrose-Rich Fruit Products
by
Tiago Durães, Miguel Azevedo, Fernanda Cosme and Fernando M. Nunes
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023006 - 12 Jan 2024
Abstract
Sugar is essential to organisms, but excessive consumption can lead to certain diseases. Overconsumption is a major concern in modern society, especially in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to convert sucrose present in sucrose-rich fruit concentrates into fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using
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Sugar is essential to organisms, but excessive consumption can lead to certain diseases. Overconsumption is a major concern in modern society, especially in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to convert sucrose present in sucrose-rich fruit concentrates into fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using the enzymes invertase (Inv) or fructosyltransferase (FTase). FOS are oligosaccharides (OS) that bypass part of the digestive system and reach the colon, where they are metabolized by gut bacteria. This can simultaneously exert prebiotic effects while reducing a product’s calories. Based on these results, it was concluded that there is potential for enzymatically reducing a product’s caloric value while converting sucrose into FOS, thus enriching the product’s dietary fiber content.
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<p>The content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and oligosaccharides (expressed as %) in strawberry fruit concentrate after enzymatic reaction with Fructosyltransferase (FTase) at 10 °C (<b>a</b>) and 35 °C (<b>b</b>) and with Invertase at 10 °C (<b>c</b>) and 35 °C (<b>d</b>) (n = 1).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Energetic reduction (expressed as %) and the number of calories derived from free sugars (expressed as kcal) in strawberry fruit concentrate after enzymatic reaction with Fructosyltransferase (FTase) at 10 °C (<b>a</b>) and 35 °C (<b>b</b>) and with invertase at 10 °C (<b>c</b>) and 35 °C (<b>d</b>) (n = 1).</p> Full article ">Figure 2 Cont.
<p>Energetic reduction (expressed as %) and the number of calories derived from free sugars (expressed as kcal) in strawberry fruit concentrate after enzymatic reaction with Fructosyltransferase (FTase) at 10 °C (<b>a</b>) and 35 °C (<b>b</b>) and with invertase at 10 °C (<b>c</b>) and 35 °C (<b>d</b>) (n = 1).</p> Full article ">
<p>The content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and oligosaccharides (expressed as %) in strawberry fruit concentrate after enzymatic reaction with Fructosyltransferase (FTase) at 10 °C (<b>a</b>) and 35 °C (<b>b</b>) and with Invertase at 10 °C (<b>c</b>) and 35 °C (<b>d</b>) (n = 1).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Energetic reduction (expressed as %) and the number of calories derived from free sugars (expressed as kcal) in strawberry fruit concentrate after enzymatic reaction with Fructosyltransferase (FTase) at 10 °C (<b>a</b>) and 35 °C (<b>b</b>) and with invertase at 10 °C (<b>c</b>) and 35 °C (<b>d</b>) (n = 1).</p> Full article ">Figure 2 Cont.
<p>Energetic reduction (expressed as %) and the number of calories derived from free sugars (expressed as kcal) in strawberry fruit concentrate after enzymatic reaction with Fructosyltransferase (FTase) at 10 °C (<b>a</b>) and 35 °C (<b>b</b>) and with invertase at 10 °C (<b>c</b>) and 35 °C (<b>d</b>) (n = 1).</p> Full article ">
Open AccessEditorial
Preface and Statement of Peer Review
by
Miguel Ribeiro, Fernanda Cosme, Lucinda V. Reis, Paula Lopes, Rui Campos and Alice Vilela
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023005 - 26 Dec 2023
Abstract
The inaugural international meeting of Molecules4Life (M4L) took place from the 20th to the 22nd of September 2023 at the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal [...]
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
Open AccessProceeding Paper
The Theoretical Description for Aesculetin and Quercetin Cathodic Electrochemical Determination in Wines
by
Volodymyr V. Tkach, José Inácio F. da Paiva Martins, Zoriana M. Romanova, Viktoria V. Paientko, Sílvio C. de Oliveira, Jarem R. Garcia, Olha V. Skrypska, Yana G. Ivanushko and Petro I. Yagodynets
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023004 - 12 Dec 2023
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of cathodical electroanalytical determination of aesculetin and quercetin, the most representative polyphenolic coumarin and flavonoid, is theoretically described. The cathodic reaction is given by the electrochemical reduction of 2- and 4-pyrone rings simultaneously on a vanadium(III) oxyhydroxide-modified electrode
[...] Read more.
In this work, the possibility of cathodical electroanalytical determination of aesculetin and quercetin, the most representative polyphenolic coumarin and flavonoid, is theoretically described. The cathodic reaction is given by the electrochemical reduction of 2- and 4-pyrone rings simultaneously on a vanadium(III) oxyhydroxide-modified electrode at a pH correspondent to wine (3 < pH ≤ 7). Analysis of the mathematical model, corresponding to the reaction mechanism, lets us conclude that, although the oscillatory behavior remains highly probable, the cathodic electroanalytical process, based on VO(OH)-assisted reaction, may be even more efficient than anodic oxidation of the polyphenolic compounds in the same conditions.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Green Synthesis of Luminescent Carbon Nanomaterials from Porphyridium cruentum Microalgae
by
Inês Chouzende, Alexandra Isabel Costa, Patrícia David Barata, Sónia Martins, Magda Cardoso Semedo, Fernando Manuel Henriques Cardoso, Maria Luísa Lobo and José Virgílio Prata
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023003 - 8 Dec 2023
Abstract
Microalgae (µAlgae) biomass was employed as a sustainable source for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (μAlgae-CNDs) using a hydrothermal carbonization method and ethylenediamine (ED) as a nitrogen additive. The μAlgae-CNDs synthesized with a ratio of 0.64 of
[...] Read more.
Microalgae (µAlgae) biomass was employed as a sustainable source for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (μAlgae-CNDs) using a hydrothermal carbonization method and ethylenediamine (ED) as a nitrogen additive. The μAlgae-CNDs synthesized with a ratio of 0.64 of ED did not show cytotoxicity against non-tumor NIH 3T3 cells and sarcoma S180 cells, revealing some potential attractive properties for bioimaging.
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<p>(<b>a</b>) UV-Vis spectra (gray), excitation (blue, monitored at 435 nm), and emission (orange; <span class="html-italic">λ</span><sub>exc</sub> = 340 nm) of <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs in aqueous dispersion (0.1 mgmL<sup>−1</sup>) (inset: UV light at 366 nm); (<b>b</b>) Fluorescence emission spectra of <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs in aqueous dispersion (0.1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>) with different excitation wavelengths. The red dashed line emphasize the excitation wavelength that has the highest intensity.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>In vitro cytotoxicity assay of <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs against NIH-3T3 cells (<b>a</b>) and mouse sarcoma cell line S180 (<b>b</b>) (expressed by the decrease in cell viability).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Fluorescence microscopy images of mouse sarcoma cell line S180 with <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs (400×).</p> Full article ">
<p>(<b>a</b>) UV-Vis spectra (gray), excitation (blue, monitored at 435 nm), and emission (orange; <span class="html-italic">λ</span><sub>exc</sub> = 340 nm) of <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs in aqueous dispersion (0.1 mgmL<sup>−1</sup>) (inset: UV light at 366 nm); (<b>b</b>) Fluorescence emission spectra of <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs in aqueous dispersion (0.1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>) with different excitation wavelengths. The red dashed line emphasize the excitation wavelength that has the highest intensity.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>In vitro cytotoxicity assay of <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs against NIH-3T3 cells (<b>a</b>) and mouse sarcoma cell line S180 (<b>b</b>) (expressed by the decrease in cell viability).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Fluorescence microscopy images of mouse sarcoma cell line S180 with <span class="html-italic">µ</span>Algae-CNDs (400×).</p> Full article ">
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