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Biopolymers for Enhanced Health Benefits—2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 818

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent times, biopolymers have gained increasing importance among research groups around the world as biomaterials for a variety of biological activities. Plants, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and mammals are among the living species that produce biopolymers. Biopolymers are polymers that fall into three categories: polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biopolymers play a variety of critical roles in these living creatures, including in their structure, signaling, defense, pathogenicity, and so on. Biopolymers have a diverse chemical structure, and their physicochemical properties make them suitable for clinical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications due to their versatile characteristics, such as their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, which are key features in the design of novel advanced materials. Furthermore, the modification of biopolymers with different functional groups has resulted in improved features such as the generation of stimuli-responsive materials, improved interaction with guest biomolecules, and physical property enhancements. As a result, several systems using biopolymers in a variety of formulations (i.e., hydrogels, fibers, films, micro/nanoparticles, etc.) have been developed for application in multiple domains, such as tissue engineering, scaffolds, implant coatings, drug delivery, nutraceutical encapsulation systems, wound healing, bioimaging, for diagnostic purposes, and so on. Furthermore, antibacterial, antibiofilm, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and antiviral actions have been demonstrated in biopolymer-based advanced materials.

Since Volume 1 of the Special Issue “Biopolymers for Enhanced Health Benefits” was successful, we have reopened this issue again for the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms, ISSN 1422-0067, IF 5.6, JCR Category Q1). This Special Issue intends to collate recent original reviews and cutting-edge research works that focus on the innovative biopolymer-based materials employed in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biomedical science.

Prof. Dr. Leonard-Ionut Atanase
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanocomposites
  • biomedical materials
  • stimuli-responsive materials
  • wound healing
  • biomaterials
  • tissue engineering
  • regenerative medicine
  • targeted and controlled drug delivery
  • in vitro and in vivo biological activities
  • polymers for biomedical application
  • surface modification and their characterization
  • antibacterial & antiviral
  • microbial biofilms
  • medical-related antimicrobial/antiviral polymers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 22466 KiB  
Article
Comparative In Vitro Study between Biocompatible Chitosan-Based Magnetic Nanocapsules and Liposome Formulations with Potential Application in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
by Gabriela Vochița, Anca Niculina Cadinoiu, Delia-Mihaela Rață, Leonard Ionuț Atanase, Marcel Popa, Athar Mahdieh, Cosmin-Teodor Mihai, Alexandru-Bogdan Stache, Cristina-Veronica Moldovan, Elena Simona Băcăiţă, Iustina Petra Condriuc and Daniela Gherghel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8454; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158454 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 437
Abstract
This study describes the comparison between the interaction of a series of peptide-functionalized chitosan-based nanocapsules and liposomes with two cell lines, i.e., mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 and human endothelial cells EA.hy926. Both types of nanocarriers are loaded with magnetic nanoparticles and designed for [...] Read more.
This study describes the comparison between the interaction of a series of peptide-functionalized chitosan-based nanocapsules and liposomes with two cell lines, i.e., mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 and human endothelial cells EA.hy926. Both types of nanocarriers are loaded with magnetic nanoparticles and designed for anti-inflammatory therapy. The choice of these magnetic nanostructures is argued based on their advantages in terms of size, morphology, chemical composition, and the multiple possibilities of modifying their surface. Moreover, active targeting might be ensured by using an external magnetic field. To explore the impact of chitosan-based nanocapsules and liposomes on cell cytophysiology, the cell viability, using the MTT assay, and cell morphology were investigated. The results revealed low to moderate cytotoxicity of free nanocapsules and significant cytotoxicity induced by chitosan-coated liposomes loaded with dexamethasone, confirming its release from the delivery system. Thus, after 48 h of treatment with nanocapsules, the viability of RAW 264.7 cells varied between 88.18% (OCNPM-1I, 3.125 µg/mL) and 76.37% (OCNPM-1, 25 µg/mL). In the same conditions, EA.hy926 cell viability was between 99.91% (OCNPM-3, 3.125 µg/mL) and 75.15% (OCNPM-3, 25 µg/mL) at the highest dose (25 µg/mL), the values being comparable for both cell lines. Referring to the cell reactivity after dexamethasone-loaded liposome application, the lowest viability of RAW 264.7 cells was 41.25% (CLDM5CP-1, 25 µg/mL) and 58.20% (CLDMM2CP-1 1.25 µg/mL) in the endothelial cell line, proving a selective character of action of nanocarriers. The cell morphology test, performed to support and confirm the results obtained by the MTT test, revealed a differentiated response for the two types of nano-carriers. As expected, an intense cytotoxic effect in the case of dexamethasone-loaded liposomes and a lack of cytotoxicity for drug-free nanocapsules were noticed. Therefore, our study demonstrated the biocompatible feature of the studied nanocarriers, which highlights them for future research as potential drug delivery systems for pharmacological applications, including anti-inflammatory therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymers for Enhanced Health Benefits—2nd Edition)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Release efficiency results of free Dex-P and Dex-P from nanocapsules in PBS solution with pH = 7.4.</p>
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<p>The amount of drug released (µg) from magnetic cationic liposomes coated with chitosan, up to 24 h.</p>
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<p>Effect of 24 and 48 h treatment with different concentrations of chitosan-based nanocapsules with magnetic particles on the viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, and *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p>
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<p>Effect of 24 and 48 h treatment with different concentrations of chitosan-based nanocapsules with magnetic particles on the viability of EA.hy926 human endothelial cells. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, and *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p>
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<p>Effect of 24 and 48 h treatment with magnetic cationic liposomes, in different concentrations, on the viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01 and *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p>
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<p>Effect of 24 and 48 h treatment with magnetic cationic liposomes, in different concentrations, on the viability of EA.hy926 human endothelial cells. ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01 and *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of OCNPM-1 treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of OCNPM-1I treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of OCNPM-3 treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of OCNPM-3I treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of CLDM5CP-1 treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of CLDM5CP-2 treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of CLDM5CP-3 treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of CLDM2CP-1 treatment.</p>
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<p>The morphology of the EA.hy926 cells after 24 and 48 h of CLDMM2CP-1 treatment.</p>
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<p>Comparative analysis of the EA.hy926 human endothelial cell viability influenced by 24 and 48 h treatment with magnetic cationic liposomes, in different concentrations. Statistical significance was determined by Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test (ns—nonsignificant, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001, **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.0001).</p>
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<p>Comparative analysis of the RAW 264.7 macrophage viability influenced by 24 and 48 h treatment with magnetic cationic liposomes, in different concentrations. Statistical significance was determined by Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test (ns—nonsignificant, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001, **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.0001).</p>
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