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Dentistry Journal
Special Issues
3D Printing and Restorative Dentistry
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3D Printing and Restorative Dentistry

A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767). This special issue belongs to the section "Restorative Dentistry and Traumatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2025 | Viewed by 5007

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Neamat Hassan Abubakr

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
Interests: dental material; restorative dentistry; dental pain; dental anxiety; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

By proposing new designs and fabrications of dental prostheses, 3D printing has modernized the field of restorative dentistry. The advent of 3D printing has led to the development of new materials and techniques that will be utilized to advance restorative dentistry. Using biocompatible and bioactive materials promotes tissue regeneration and enhances the long-term success of dental restorations.

Furthermore, 3D printing technology improves dental restorations’ quality by fabricating restorations with improved accuracy, fit, and aesthetics. This process has created opportunities for creating cost-effective complex restorations.

The future of restorative dentistry will continue to be shaped by 3D printing, increasing the number of treatment options and expanding the capabilities of dental professionals.

Prof. Dr. Neamat Hassan Abubakr
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Dentistry Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D printing
  • 3D printed crowns
  • 3D printed dentures
  • 3D printed dental implants surgical guides
  • 3D printed retainers

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3243 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Dental Virtualization, Restoration Types, and Placement Angles on the Trueness and Contact Space in 3D-Printed Crowns: A Comprehensive Exploration
by Tsung-Yueh Lu, Wei-Chun Lin, Tzu-Hsuan Yang, Citra Dewi Sahrir, Yung-Kang Shen and Sheng-Wei Feng
Dent. J. 2024, 12(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12010002 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
The current digital dentistry workflow has streamlined dental restoration production, but the effectiveness of digital virtual design and 3D printing for restorations still needs evaluation. This study explores the impact of model-free digital design and 3D-printing placement angles on restorations, including single crowns [...] Read more.
The current digital dentistry workflow has streamlined dental restoration production, but the effectiveness of digital virtual design and 3D printing for restorations still needs evaluation. This study explores the impact of model-free digital design and 3D-printing placement angles on restorations, including single crowns and long bridges produced with and without casts. The restorations are 3D printed using resin at placement angles of 0°, 60°, and 90°. Each group of samples was replicated ten times, resulting in a total of 120 restorations. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value was used to evaluate the surface integrity of the restoration. In addition, the contact space, edge gap, and occlusal space of restorations produced by different processes were recorded. The results indicate that there was no significant difference in the RMSE value of the crown group (p > 0.05). Changing the bridge restoration angle from 0° to 90° resulted in RMSE values increasing by 2.02 times (without casts) and 2.39 times (with casts). Furthermore, the marginal gaps in the crown group were all less than 60 μm, indicating good adaptation. In contrast, the bridge group showed a significant increase in marginal gaps at higher placement angles (p > 0.05). Based on the findings, virtual fabrication without casts does not compromise the accuracy of dental restorations. When the position of the long bridge exceeds 60 degrees, the error will increase. Therefore, designs without casts and parallel placement result in higher accuracy for dental restorations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing and Restorative Dentistry)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
<p>Schematic diagram of the study design and process.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The schematic of the setup of a dental resin restoration from different angles.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Schematic diagram of measuring the accuracy, contact, and margin of dental resin restorations by digital software. The orange line is an enlarged diagram. The red line is the distance.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Surface 3D trueness color distribution for different resin restorations compared to each other. (<b>A</b>) Single crown. (<b>B</b>) Long bridge.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Accuracy analysis of different resin restorations. The RMSE value of the (<b>A</b>) crown and (<b>B</b>) bridge. Means with different letters were significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, mean ± SD, <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Contact space and margin space analysis of single crown. (<b>A</b>) Mesial contact space. (<b>B</b>) Distal contact space. (<b>C</b>) Marginal gaps. (<b>D</b>) Occlusal space. Means with different letters were significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, mean ± SD, <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Marginal gaps analysis of long bridge. Means with different letters were significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, mean ± SD, <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10).</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Occlusal space analysis of long bridge. Means with different letters were significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, mean ± SD, <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10).</p> Full article ">
31 pages, 8205 KiB  
Article
Ranking Technologies of Additive Manufacturing of Removable Complete Dentures by the Results of Their Mechanical Testing
by Dmitry I. Grachev, Igor V. Zolotnitsky, Dmitry Yu. Stepanov, Alexander A. Kozulin, Magomet Sh. Mustafaev, Aslan V. Deshev, Dmitriy S. Arutyunov, Islam V. Tlupov, Sergey V. Panin and Sergey D. Arutyunov
Dent. J. 2023, 11(11), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11110265 - 13 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
In this study, a methodology was developed for ranking manufacturing technologies of removable complete dentures (RCDs) according to the results of their full-scale mechanical tests. The actuality of the study is motivated by establishing the advantages and drawbacks of 3D-printed RCDs in contrast [...] Read more.
In this study, a methodology was developed for ranking manufacturing technologies of removable complete dentures (RCDs) according to the results of their full-scale mechanical tests. The actuality of the study is motivated by establishing the advantages and drawbacks of 3D-printed RCDs in contrast with ones manufactured via an analog protocol. The RCDs were fabricated via four technological routes that included various combinations of subtractive technologies (hot polymerization/HP and CAD/CAM milling) and additive manufacturing (digital light processing/DLP) ones and the installation of commercially available cosmetic denture teeth (DT). In the mechanical tests, different blocks of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars) were loaded. To solve the ranking problem, it was proposed to interpret the results of the mechanical tests in terms of the reliability, durability and compliance/stiffness criteria. For this purpose, the combined AHP-VIKOR method was applied. In addition, a computer simulation of the mechanical loading conditions and the response of the RCDs was performed based on the finite element method (FEM). As the key conclusion, it was stated that additive manufacturing (AM) methods are competitive and cost-effective techniques for the fabrication of RCDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing and Restorative Dentistry)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>The photographs of all four types of the studied RCDs (the test mandrel (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) and bottom view (<b>e</b>–<b>h</b>)): (<b>a</b>,<b>e</b>) ‘HP+DT’; (<b>b</b>,<b>f</b>) ‘3D+3D’; (<b>c</b>,<b>g</b>) ‘3D+DT’; and (<b>d</b>,<b>h</b>) ‘3D+CAM’.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The Mechanical test fixture with an RCD sample.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The fixtures prepared for testing the RCDs: (<b>a</b>) asymmetrical to the ‘3D+3D’ right premolar; (<b>b</b>) symmetrical on both ‘HP+DT’ molars.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The ‘<span class="html-italic">P</span>–∆<span class="html-italic">l</span>’ load–displacement diagrams obtained in the mechanical tests: (1) ’HP+DT’ (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>); (2) ‘3D+3D’ (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>); (3) ‘3D+DT’ (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>); and (4) ‘3D+CAM’ (<b>g</b>,<b>h</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 4 Cont.
<p>The ‘<span class="html-italic">P</span>–∆<span class="html-italic">l</span>’ load–displacement diagrams obtained in the mechanical tests: (1) ’HP+DT’ (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>); (2) ‘3D+3D’ (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>); (3) ‘3D+DT’ (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>); and (4) ‘3D+CAM’ (<b>g</b>,<b>h</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Comparison of the estimates and non-linearity coefficients.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Comparison of the estimates and the durability criteria.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Radial diagrams of the <span class="html-italic">S</span> (<b>a</b>,<b>d</b>), <span class="html-italic">R</span> (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>) and <span class="html-italic">Q</span> (<b>c</b>,<b>f</b>) estimates at the loading points of the RCDs for the cases of the equivalence of the criteria (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) and the reliability preference (<b>d</b>–<b>f</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>The RCD solid model (maxillary prosthesis) used in the calculations (<b>a</b>); the assembly model of the prosthesis on the support (<b>b</b>); and the top (<b>c</b>) and bottom (<b>d</b>) views of the prosthesis.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>The loading boundary conditions for the incisor (tooth No. 5) at the load of 50 N (<b>a</b>); the kinematic boundary conditions of the rigid fixation of the support base (<b>b</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>The fields of equivalent stresses (<b>a</b>) and total displacements (<b>b</b>) in the loaded RCD, as well as vector representations of the displacements in the model (<b>c</b>) and the tooth (<b>d</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>The fields of equivalent stresses (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) and displacements (blue axis) (<b>d</b>–<b>f</b>) under the application of the load on the incisors: No. 6 (<b>a</b>,<b>d</b>), No. 7 (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>) and No. 6 and 7 (<b>c</b>–<b>f</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>The load–displacement diagrams for the uniaxial compression scheme. The load applied to teeth No. 6 and 7 as well as both No. 6 and 7 (<b>a</b>); No. 4 and 9 as well as 4–9 (<b>b</b>); No. 1 (<b>c</b>); and No. 2 (<b>d</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>The fields of equivalent stresses (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) and displacements (blue axis) (<b>d</b>–<b>f</b>) under the application of the load on the canines: No. 4 (<b>a</b>,<b>d</b>), No. 9 (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>) and No. 4–9 (<b>c</b>–<b>f</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>The fields of equivalent stresses (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>) and displacements (blue axis) (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>) under the application of the point load on the molar No. 1 (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) and the premolar No. 2 (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>); the loaded tooth is not shown in (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>f</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 14 Cont.
<p>The fields of equivalent stresses (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>) and displacements (blue axis) (<b>b</b>,<b>d</b>) under the application of the point load on the molar No. 1 (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) and the premolar No. 2 (<b>b</b>,<b>e</b>); the loaded tooth is not shown in (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>f</b>).</p> Full article ">

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13 pages, 5037 KiB  
Case Report
Three Dimensional-Printed Gingivectomy and Tooth Reduction Guides Prior Ceramic Restorations: A Case Report
by Carlos A. Jurado, Jose Villalobos-Tinoco, Mark A. Lackey, Silvia Rojas-Rueda, Manuel Robles and Akimasa Tsujimoto
Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080245 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dentistry have significantly changed workflows in recent years. Restorations and devices can now be digitally designed and 3D-printed for dental care purposes. This clinical case report provides straightforward protocols for the digital design and 3D manufacture of [...] Read more.
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dentistry have significantly changed workflows in recent years. Restorations and devices can now be digitally designed and 3D-printed for dental care purposes. This clinical case report provides straightforward protocols for the digital design and 3D manufacture of gingivectomy and tooth preparation guides. These types of guides improved the gingival architecture of the anterior teeth and provided controllable tooth preparations prior to labial ceramic veneers. Thoughtful clinical evaluation started with listening to the patient’s chief complaint and extra- and intra-oral evaluations. Then a digital wax-up was performed, followed by an intra-oral mock-up, to evaluate the shape of the proposed restorations. After patient acceptance, the clinical procedure started with the gingivectomy and tooth preparation. Hand-crafted porcelain veneers were bonded under rubber dam isolation to avoid any contamination and maximize the bonding protocol. The esthetic and functional demands were fully satisfied. Predictable outcomes can be obtained whenever a meticulous evaluation and execution of all the steps are performed. Three dimensional printing technology allows the fabrication of devices such as gingivectomy and tooth reduction guides that help accomplish the desired results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing and Restorative Dentistry)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Initial extra-oral situation. (<b>A</b>) Face smiling, (<b>B</b>) close-up of the smile, and (<b>C</b>) patient disliking to smile.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Initial intra-oral situation. (<b>A</b>) Frontal view, (<b>B</b>) right side view and (<b>C</b>) left side view.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Digital design of the 3D-printed gingivectomy and tooth reduction guide; (<b>A</b>) initial situation; (<b>B</b>) digital wax-up; (<b>C</b>) gingivectomy guide design over the digital wax-up; (<b>D</b>) gingivectomy guide alone frontal view; (<b>E</b>) cross-shaped tooth reduction guide over the digital wax-up; and (<b>F</b>) cross-shaped guide alone frontal view.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Gingivectomy procedure. (<b>A</b>) Placement of the printed guide, (<b>B</b>) gingivectomy procedure, (<b>C</b>) measuring with periodontal probe, and (<b>D</b>) result of the gingivectomy frontal view.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Tooth preparation with reduction guide. (<b>A</b>) Placement of the tooth reduction guide, (<b>B</b>) tooth preparation with the reduction guide in place, (<b>C</b>) measuring with periodontal probe at the gingival third and (<b>D</b>) at the incisal edge.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Finishing final tooth preparations. (<b>A</b>) Refining with fine diamond bur, (<b>B</b>) polishing with fine grift disc, (<b>C</b>) polishing with super fine grift disc, and (<b>D</b>) final polished preparations.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Final impression. (<b>A</b>) lateral view of final preps, (<b>B</b>) second cord packing process, (<b>C</b>) second cord packed, and (<b>D</b>) final impression.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Fabrication of ceramic veneers. (<b>A</b>) Placement of body porcelain, (<b>B</b>) placement of translucent porcelain, (<b>C</b>) placement of porcelain with different shades, (<b>D</b>) final restorations right side view, (<b>E</b>) final restorations left side view, and (<b>F</b>) final restorations frontal view.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Bonding of the final restorations. (<b>A</b>) Rubber dam placement, (<b>B</b>) bonding of veneers for central incisors, (<b>C</b>) removing excess with blade, (<b>D</b>) final restoration’s lateral view, and (<b>E</b>) final restoration’s frontal view.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Intra-oral view of final restorations. (<b>A</b>) Frontal view (<b>B</b>) right side view, and (<b>C</b>) left side view.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Extra-oral view of final restorations. (<b>A</b>) Full-face smile, (<b>B</b>) smile and (<b>C</b>) patient liking to smile.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Three-year follow-up. (<b>A</b>) Face smiling, (<b>B</b>) smile, and (<b>C</b>) intra-oral frontal view.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Flowchart describing the clinical workflow implemented for this dental treatment.</p> Full article ">
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