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Journals
Biomedicines
Special Issues
Cutting-Edge Research in Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles
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Cutting-Edge Research in Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 577

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sushma Anand

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1.Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
2.Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: mitochondria; neurodegeneration research; retinal gene therapy; exosomes; extracellular vesicles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has witnessed significant breakthroughs, highlighting their potential as drug delivery system and therapeutic applications. This Special Issue aims to consolidate cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews that explore the latest advancements in exosome and EV biology, with a particular emphasis on their role as targeted drug delivery vehicles. We invite contributions that investigate the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, innovative methodologies for EV isolation and characterization, and the molecular profiling of exosomal cargo, including proteins, lipids, RNAs, and metabolites.

This Special Issue will focus on the clinical applications of exosomes including their use in targeted drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and with a special interest in retinal diseases. Studies exploring the engineering of exosomes for enhanced delivery efficiency, biocompatibility, and specific targeting are particularly encouraged. Additionally, research on the use of exosomes as biomarkers for disease diagnostics and their potential in immune modulation and regenerative medicine will be featured.

By showcasing these pioneering studies, this Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future directions in exosome and EV research. We seek to foster interdisciplinary collaborations and inspire novel approaches that will drive the field forward, ultimately translating these biological insights into clinical and therapeutic innovations.

Dr. Sushma Anand
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug delivery
  • targeted therapy
  • EV engineering
  • cargo loading
  • molecular profiling
  • retinal degeneration
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • therapeutic application

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 7302 KiB  
Article
Development of LncRNA Biomarkers in Extracellular Vesicle of Amniotic Fluid Associated with Antenatal Hydronephrosis
by Ying Fu, Qiaoshu Liu, Ruojin Yao, Yimei Fu, Lei Dai, Wenyan Jian, Weishe Zhang and Jingzhi Li
Biomedicines 2025, 13(3), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030668 (registering DOI) - 8 Mar 2025
Viewed by 167
Abstract
Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is the most common congenital renal and urinary tract anomaly, and parenchymal damage and renal fibrosis due to pathological hydronephrosis are the main causes of end-stage renal disease in children and chronic kidney disease in adults. At present, [...] Read more.
Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is the most common congenital renal and urinary tract anomaly, and parenchymal damage and renal fibrosis due to pathological hydronephrosis are the main causes of end-stage renal disease in children and chronic kidney disease in adults. At present, there is no validated biomarker for ANH, and diagnostic criteria other than prenatal ultrasonography (US) assessment are lacking. Therefore, we assessed to determine if biomarkers extracted from amniotic fluid small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) might be used as ANH diagnosis. Methods: With congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) as the ultimate diagnosis, 10 pregnant women with Grade III-IV ANH and 10 normal pregnant women were recruited. The sEVs were extracted from amniotic fluid supernatant of all samples. Transcriptomic sequencing of sEVs in the discovery cohort identified the differential expression profiles for ANH. The known differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were assessed by qRT–PCR in the validation cohort. Results: We explored the global RNA expression in sEVs from amniotic fluid. The differential expression profiles of both mRNAs and lncRNAs were related to fetal kidney development. Six known DE-lncRNAs were identified for ANH, and three of those with high expression were verified in more ANH samples. In particular, the upregulated LINC02863 and its target genes were associated with renal development and morphogenesis. The four predicted novel lncRNAs in high expression were also related to mesenchymal morphogenesis and the STAT3 signaling pathway and may play roles in ANH. Conclusions: We identified differentially expressed RNAs of all species in the sEVs from amniotic fluid, and the validated known DE-lncRNAs might serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers for ANH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting-Edge Research in Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Schematic workflow showing the RNA-seq analysis of sEVs isolated from AF and its characterization. (<b>A</b>) Workflow of long RNA-seq of AF. (<b>B</b>) Electron microscopy image of sEVs isolated from the AF. (<b>C</b>) Size distribution measurements of sEVs isolated from the AF. (<b>D</b>) Western blot analysis of typical markers of sEVs isolated from AF.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>DE-mRNA profiles of sEVs isolated from the AF of the ANH and control groups. (<b>A</b>) Principal component analysis (PCA) of sEV-derived mRNAs of AF isolated from the ANH and control groups. (<b>B</b>) Volcano plots showing the statistical analysis of DE-mRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>C</b>) Heatmap showing the DE-mRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>D</b>) Bubble plot showing the numbers of DE-mRNAs in each GO enrichment. (<b>E</b>) Bubble plot showing the numbers of DE-mRNAs in each KEGG pathway. (<b>F</b>) The top 20 Metascape-enriched KEGG pathways and PPI network analysis of the DE-mRNAs. (<b>G</b>) PPI network analysis of mRNAs related to renal system development according to GO:0072001. ANH: ANH samples; CON: control samples.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Expression and network analysis of the known DE-lncRNAs with their corresponding targeted genes in the ANH and control groups. (<b>A</b>) Pearson correlation analysis of lncRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>B</b>) Principal component analysis (PCA) of lncRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>C</b>) Heatmap showing the known DE-lncRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>D</b>) Volcano plots showing the statistical analysis of the six known DE-lncRNAs identified in the ANH and control groups. (<b>E</b>) The top 20 Metascape-enriched KEGG pathways of the DE-lncRNA-targeted genes. (<b>F</b>) PPI network analysis of DE-lncRNA-targeted genes. (<b>G</b>) Cis- and trans-regulatory network analysis of DE-genes and DE-lncRNAs screened by Cytoscape (version 3.8.0). ANH: ANH samples; CON: control samples.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Expression analysis and validation of the selected known DE-lncRNAs. (<b>A</b>) Violin plot showing the expression analysis of four selected known DE-lncRNAs. (<b>B</b>) The qRT–PCR analysis of four selected sEV lncRNAs in severe ANH and control samples. (<b>C</b>) KEGG analysis of signaling pathways related to ENST00000454380. (<b>D</b>) GSEA of signaling pathways related to ENST00000454380. ANH: ANH samples; CON: control samples. The data are presented as the means ± SDs. ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01; ns indicates no significance.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Prediction and identification of novel sEV-derived lncRNA profiles in the ANH and control groups. (<b>A</b>) Venn diagram showing the novel sEV-derived lncRNA predictions generated by using four methods (CNCI, CPC, Pfam, and CPAT). (<b>B</b>) Bar chart showing the distribution of novel lncRNA numbers based on genomic location isoforms. (<b>C</b>) Bar chart showing the distribution of exons in the novel lncRNAs. (<b>D</b>) Bar chart showing the distribution of the transcript lengths of the novel lncRNAs. (<b>E</b>) Bar chart showing the distribution of exon lengths of novel lncRNAs. (<b>F</b>) A loop diagram showing the chromosomal distribution of novel lncRNAs. The chromosomes, the sense lncRNAs (green), the lincRNAs (red), the antisense lncRNAs (blue), and the intronic lncRNAs (gray) are arranged from the outside to the inside.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Expression and network analysis of the novel DE-lncRNAs and their corresponding targeted genes. (<b>A</b>) Boxplot showing the average expression of novel DE-lncRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>B</b>) Heatmap showing the novel DE-lncRNAs between the ANH and control groups. (<b>C</b>) PPI network analysis of the four novel DE-lncRNA-targeted genes. (<b>D</b>) The top 20 Metascape-enriched KEGG pathways of the novel DE-lncRNA-targeted genes. (<b>E</b>) The top 20 Metascape PPI network analyses of novel DE-lncRNAs. ANH: ANH samples; CON: control samples.</p> Full article ">
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