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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Craniofacial Pain and Headaches—Second Edition
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Recent Advances in Craniofacial Pain and Headaches—Second Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 912

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ignacio Elizagaray-García

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CranioSPain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: neurosciences; pain; physiotherapy; headaches; temporomandibular disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alfonso Gil-Martínez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. CranioSPain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28023 Madrid, Spain
2. Unidad de Fisioterapia, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ (Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research), 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: neurosciences; pain; physiotherapy; headaches; temporomandibular disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pain is the most prevalent symptom of all and accounts for up to 80% of visits to health care facilities through the emergency department. From this perspective, the field of pain should be one of the greatest challenges for health care providers. Among the different types of pain, craniofacial pain and headaches have proven to be highly disabling and involve significant health care costs.

In recent decades, our approach to both pain assessment and treatment has undergone significant changes and advances. The development of new neurophysiological models that aim to explain how pain works and how it impacts an individual from a biopsychosocial point of view has been key to these advances.

Specifically, this Special Issue aims to bring together new research in the field of craniofacial pain and headaches. We welcome original articles and reviews focused on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of craniofacial pain and headaches.

Dr. Alfonso Gil-Martínez
Dr. Ignacio Elizagaray-García
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • craniofacial pain
  • headache
  • migraine
  • painful temporomandibular disorders
  • orofacial pain
  • biomedical advances
  • treatment
  • assessment
  • innovation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 1274 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms for Orofacial Pain: Roles of Immunomodulation, Metabolic Reprogramming, Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Regulation
by Saniyya Khan and Feng Tao
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020434 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 510
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Orofacial pain corresponds to pain sensitization originating from the facial and oral regions, often accompanied by diagnostic complexity due to a multitude of contributory factors, leading to significant patient distress and impairment. Here, we have reviewed current mechanistic pathways [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Orofacial pain corresponds to pain sensitization originating from the facial and oral regions, often accompanied by diagnostic complexity due to a multitude of contributory factors, leading to significant patient distress and impairment. Here, we have reviewed current mechanistic pathways and biochemical aspects of complex orofacial pain pathology, highlighting recent advancements in understanding its multifactorial regulation and signaling and thus providing a holistic approach to challenging it. Materials and Methods: Studies were identified from an online search of the PubMed database without any search time range. Results: We have discussed neuron–glia interactions and glial cell activation in terms of immunomodulatory effects, metabolism reprogramming effects and epigenetic modulatory effects, in response to orofacial pain sensitization comprising different originating factors. We have highlighted the fundamental role of oxidative stress affecting significant cellular pathways as well as cellular machinery, which renders pain pathology intricate and multidimensional. Emerging research on the epigenetic modulation of pain regulatory genes in response to molecular and cellular environmental factors is also discussed, alongside updates on novel diagnostic and treatment approaches. Conclusions: This review deliberates the integrative perspectives and implications of modulation in the immune system, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction as well as epigenetic regulation accommodating the effect of dysregulated non-coding RNAs for an interdisciplinary understanding of pain pathology at the molecular level, aiming to improve patient outcomes with precise diagnosis offering improved pain management and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Craniofacial Pain and Headaches—Second Edition)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Glial cell activation and immunomodulation of orofacial pain through various mediators, including chemokines like CCL2 and CX3CL1, neuropeptides like calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and Substance P, cytokines like TNFα, neurotrophins like BDNF and NGF, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL33), receptors like nucleotide P2Y receptors and glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), prostaglandins like E2, astroglial glutamate–glutamine shuttle, gap junctions connexins like CX43, and pannexins like Panx.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Orofacial pain pathophysiology is controlled by a multitude of factors encompassing metabolic and epigenetic elements. The metabolic factors include glucose and lipid metabolites along with reactive species regulating mitochondrial function, and the epigenetic mechanism is mainly composed of DNA methylation and histone modification.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>A holistic approach integrating immunomodulatory, metabolic and epigenetic regulation of pain pathways to fully elucidate mechanisms underlying pain pathophysiology.</p> Full article ">
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