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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease: New Treatment and Future Directions—4th Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 791

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2019, it was estimated that 17.9 million people died from CVDs (32% of all global deaths). Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. These data are usually powered by the coexistence of metabolic diseases, in particular diabetes. In fact, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries, and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. It is vital to detect CVDs and metabolic disease as early as possible, as most cases can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, and harmful uses of alcohol. Moreover, we are the main actors and observers of the innovations in every field of CVDs and metabolic disease treatment, from the pharmacological approach, with the advent of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for both heart failure and diabetes, to the improvement in new less-invasive and invasive techniques such as immediate revascularization in both heart and brain infarction and new methods of mechanical cardiac support and multiorgan transplantation for the most advanced forms of heart failure.

Given the complexity of this topic and its impact on clinical practice and public health, Biomedicines is launching a Special Issue entitled “Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease: New Treatments and Future Directions” with the aim of gathering accurate and up-to-date scientific information on all aspects of new and upcoming treatment opportunities for CVDs and metabolic diseases. It is my privilege to invite you and your co-workers to share your experiences and expertise by submitting original research articles, systematic reviews, and review articles reporting new ideas and recent advances in this topic.

Dr. Alfredo Caturano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • metabolic disease
  • diabetes
  • therapy
  • drugs
  • implantable device
  • heart failure
  • heart transplantation
  • cardiac surgery
  • future directions

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 2394 KiB  
Article
From Metabolic Syndrome to Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in the SIMETAP Study: Prevalence Rates of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Independent Associations with Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Disorders Other than Its Defining Criteria
by Antonio Ruiz-García, Ezequiel Arranz-Martínez, Adalberto Serrano-Cumplido, Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo, Carlos Escobar-Cervantes, José Polo-García and Vicente Pallarés-Carratalá
Biomedicines 2025, 13(3), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030590 - 28 Feb 2025
Viewed by 324
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent entity defined according to cardiometabolic criteria. Other disorders related to MetS could help assess the comprehensive risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to update the prevalence rates [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent entity defined according to cardiometabolic criteria. Other disorders related to MetS could help assess the comprehensive risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to update the prevalence rates of MetS and to assess its relationship with other disorders and clinical conditions other than the criteria defining MetS. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a random population-based sample of 6588 study subjects between 18 and 102 years of age. Crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of MetS were calculated, and their associations with comorbidities and clinical conditions other than their defining criteria were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The adjusted prevalence rates were 36.0% for MetS (39.8% in men; 33.5% in women), 21.5% for premorbid Mets, and 14.5% for morbid MetS. Considering only clinical conditions other than the criteria defining MetS, the independent disorders associated with premorbid MetS were hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, high levels of lipid accumulation product, high triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), high visceral adiposity index, high fatty liver index, and high waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), highlighting excess adiposity (EA). The independent disorders associated with morbid MetS were hypercholesterolaemia, high-WtHR, EA, high-TyG index, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, CKD, and albuminuria, highlighting hypertension. Conclusions: One-fifth of the adult population has premorbid MetS, and almost one-sixth has morbid MetS. Almost two-fifths of people with MetS are at moderate, high, or very high risk of CKD, and four-fifths are at high or very high cardiovascular risk. In addition to the criteria defining MetS, other cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disorders show an independent association with MetS, highlighting EA for premorbid MetS and hypertension for morbid MetS. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Flowchart for sampling and selection of study subjects.</p>
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<p>Age-specific prevalence rates of MetS (<b>a</b>), premorbid MetS (<b>b</b>), and morbid MetS (<b>c</b>). n: number of cases; N: sample size; M: male; F: female; <span class="html-italic">p</span>: <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value of the difference in percentages (M vs. F).</p>
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<p>Age-specific prevalence rates of MetS (<b>a</b>), premorbid MetS (<b>b</b>), and morbid MetS (<b>c</b>). n: number of cases; N: sample size; M: male; F: female; <span class="html-italic">p</span>: <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value of the difference in percentages (M vs. F).</p>
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<p>Diseases and clinical conditions in populations with and without MetS (<b>a</b>), with morbid MetS and without MetS (<b>b</b>), with premorbid MetS and without MetS (<b>c</b>). AIP: atherogenic index of plasma; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CI: confidence interval; CUN-BAE: according to its acronym in Spanish, <span class="html-italic">Clínica Universitaria de Navarra</span>—Body Adiposity Estimator; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LAP: lipid accumulation product index; OR: odds ratio; TyG: triglyceride-glucose index; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WtHR: waist-to-height ratio.</p>
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<p>Multivariate analysis of diseases and medical conditions for MetS (<b>a</b>), for morbid MetS (<b>b</b>), and for premorbid MetS (<b>c</b>). <sup>a</sup> OR Exp (β): odds ratio (95% confidence interval); <sup>b</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span>: <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value of Wald test with one degree of freedom. CUN-BAE: according to its acronym in Spanish, <span class="html-italic">Clínica Universitaria de Navarra</span>—Body Adiposity Estimator; LAP: lipid accumulation product index; TyG: triglyceride-glucose index; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WtHR: waist-to-height ratio.</p>
Full article ">
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