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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Advances in Pediatric Ocular Pathology and Treatment
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Advances in Pediatric Ocular Pathology and Treatment

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1127

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hyun-jin Shin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
Interests: ophthalmology; extraocular muscles; strabismus; neuroscience; muscle innervation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Given the unique characteristics of pediatric eye diseases and their profound impact on vision development and overall quality of life, there is an increasing need to explore innovative diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and preventive strategies tailored specifically for children. This Special Issue aims to gather cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews highlighting recent advancements in diagnosing, managing, and treating ocular conditions in pediatric patients. Topics include genetic and molecular insights, innovative diagnostic tools, novel therapeutic approaches, and preventive strategies. We particularly encourage contributions that emphasize multidisciplinary approaches and translate research findings into clinical practice. This Special Issue seeks to provide valuable insights to enhance the care of children with ocular diseases by bringing together a diverse array of studies and perspectives. We look forward to your submissions that will help shape the future of pediatric ophthalmology and contribute to improving the visual health of children worldwide.

We invite submissions that address a broad range of topics within pediatric ophthalmology, including but not limited to:

  • Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying pediatric ocular diseases;
  • Novel diagnostic tools and imaging techniques for early detection;
  • Advances in medical and surgical treatment modalities;
  • Long-term outcomes of pediatric ocular interventions;
  • Strategies for preventing vision impairment in children;
  • The impact of systemic diseases on pediatric ocular health;
  • Innovative approaches to managing rare or complex pediatric eye conditions.

Dr. Hyun-jin Shin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric ophthalmology
  • eye diseases
  • genetics
  • medical
  • diagnostic techniques
  • ophthalmological
  • therapeutics

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
The Infratrochlear Nerve Block Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea Vomiting in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery—A Retrospective Study
by Chung-Sik Oh, Hyun Jin Shin, Seon-Ju Park, Seong-Hyop Kim and Yea-Ji Lee
Biomedicines 2025, 13(3), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030580 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Strabismus surgery in pediatric patients is associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Patients showing pain are more prone to develop PONV. As the infratrochlear nerve (ITN) block can ameliorate perioperative pain following strabismus surgery, we hypothesized [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Strabismus surgery in pediatric patients is associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Patients showing pain are more prone to develop PONV. As the infratrochlear nerve (ITN) block can ameliorate perioperative pain following strabismus surgery, we hypothesized that ITN block may influence PONV in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods: The medical charts of pediatric patients older than 2 years with exotropia who underwent strabismus surgery under general anesthesia, with or without ITN block, were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of PONV, intraoperative surgical pleth index (SPI), state entropy (SE), response entropy (RE), the changes in hemodynamics, and perioperative use of metoclopramide and ketoprofen were investigated. Results: The study population comprised 116 patients (58 for the No-block group vs. 58 for the ITN group). The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the ITN block group compared to the No-block group (5.2% vs. 22.4%, respectively; p = 0.015). The SPI at conjunctiva incision, muscle dissection and traction were significantly lower in the ITN block group than in the No-block group. SE was comparable between the two groups, but RE at muscle dissection and traction was significantly lower in the ITN block group than in the No-block group. The use of metoclopramide and ketoprofen was also lower in the ITN block group than in the No-block group. Conclusions: ITN block reduced PONV as well as perioperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Ocular Pathology and Treatment)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Study flow diagram.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Intraoperative changes in heart rate. (* <span class="html-italic">p</span> = 0.008). ITN, infratrochlear nerve; Baseline, the time of hemodynamic stability after anesthesia induction and surgical preparation; stage I, conjunctiva incision during medial rectus resection; stage II, muscle dissection during medial rectus resection; stage III, muscle traction during medial rectus resection; muscle suture, the point at which medial rectus resection was finalized.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Intraoperative changes in mean blood pressure. ITN, infratrochlear nerve; Baseline, the time of hemodynamic stability after anesthesia induction and surgical preparation; stage I, conjunctiva incision during medial rectus resection; stage II, muscle dissection during medial rectus resection; stage III, muscle traction during medial rectus resection; muscle suture, the point at which medial rectus resection was finalized.</p> Full article ">
10 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Anesthetic Depth on the Occurrence of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
by Yea-Ji Lee, Jung-Won Hwang, Sang-Hwan Do and Hyo-Seok Na
Biomedicines 2025, 13(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010063 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 615
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Emergence delirium (ED) is one of the most frequent postoperative complications in pediatric patients after general anesthesia. In adults, a deeper intraoperative level of anesthesia has been reported as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium. However, the effect of anesthetic depth on [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Emergence delirium (ED) is one of the most frequent postoperative complications in pediatric patients after general anesthesia. In adults, a deeper intraoperative level of anesthesia has been reported as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium. However, the effect of anesthetic depth on ED has rarely been demonstrated in the pediatric population. We evaluated whether the depth of general anesthesia could affect the occurrence of emergence delirium (ED). Methods: Patients aged 3–5 years, scheduled for strabismus surgery were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Intraoperative bispectral index (BIS) was monitored, and the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale was evaluated. When the PAED scale was 10 or more, it was designated as an ED case. Results: According to the intraoperative mean BIS range, enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the low BIS (BIS < 40; n = 28) and the normal BIS (BIS 40–60; n = 34) group. The incidence of ED was comparable between the two groups (67.6% vs. 67.9%, odds ratio = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.34–2.89, p = 0.986). Conclusions: The intraoperative anesthetic depth did not seem to affect the occurrence of ED in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery under general anesthesia. Future studies with a larger sample size are necessary for more authentic results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Ocular Pathology and Treatment)
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Figure 1
<p>Flow diagram of patients’ enrollment.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>PAED score variations. Each white and black dot indicates the PAED score at each time point of measurement. T1, arrival at PACU; T2, 10 min after PACU arrival; T3, 20 min after PACU arrival. PACU, post-anesthetic care unit; PAED, pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium.</p> Full article ">
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