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Biomedicines
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Endothelial Dysfunction: From a Pathophysiological Mechanism to a Potential Therapeutic...
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Endothelial Dysfunction: From a Pathophysiological Mechanism to a Potential Therapeutic Target—3rd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2025 | Viewed by 1201

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pasquale Ambrosino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular risk; endothelial function; arterial stiffness; atherosclerosis; COVID-19; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma; biomarkers; rehabilitation; chronic disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Guido Grassi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo di Monza, Monza, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome; diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the success of the first two volumes of the Special Issue titled "Endothelial Dysfunction: From a Pathophysiological Mechanism to a Potential Therapeutic Target", we are pleased to announce the launch of a third volume. This new edition aims to gather and disseminate the latest cutting-edge research on this vital topic.

Endothelial cells are fundamental in both physiological and pathological contexts, as they synthetize and respond to a wide range of chemical signals. In this regard, nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a primary mediator produced by endothelial cells, being crucial for maintaining vascular and organ homeostasis. Additionally, other endothelium-derived mediators are involved in the regulatory functions of the endothelium.

Endothelial dysfunction has, therefore, been identified as an early and significant pathogenic mechanism in a wide array of acute and chronic conditions, including cardiovascular, respiratory, rheumatological, neurological, and infectious diseases. Moreover, due to its systemic nature and potential reversibility in the early stages, it has emerged as an appealing therapeutic target in many clinical conditions, with promising results from specific pharmacological treatments and tailored exercise-based rehabilitation strategies. This has highlighted the importance of monitoring endothelial function through various clinical and laboratory methods, which remain a subject of ongoing research and continuous development.

This Special Issue will focus on the mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and prognostic and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction as a biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular disease. We welcome submissions that encompass basic and clinical research, as well as omics-based and translational approaches. The issue will include original research articles, reviews, and a limited number of relevant meta-analyses.

Dr. Pasquale Ambrosino
Prof. Dr. Guido Grassi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endothelial function
  • arterial stiffness
  • vascular medicine
  • cardiovascular risk
  • nitric oxide
  • reactive oxygen species
  • interleukins
  • inflammation
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1701 KiB  
Article
Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Reactivity in Individuals with High Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Preliminary Trial
by Roberta Lupoli, Ilenia Calcaterra, Pasquale Ambrosino, Rosalba Giacco, Marilena Vitale, Giuseppe Della Pepa, Angela Albarosa Rivellese, Gabriella Iannuzzo, Lutgarda Bozzetto and Matteo Di Minno
Biomedicines 2024, 12(11), 2595; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112595 - 13 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 930
Abstract
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as an early modification involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Evidence suggests that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with endothelial function improvement and, in turn, plays an important role in atherosclerosis development and progression. Objectives: To [...] Read more.
Background: Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as an early modification involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Evidence suggests that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with endothelial function improvement and, in turn, plays an important role in atherosclerosis development and progression. Objectives: To evaluate both acute and sustained effects of the MD on endothelial function in patients with high cardiometabolic risk. Methods: A total of 25 subjects were randomly assigned to either the MD group or the Control Diet (CD) group according to a single-blind, parallel-group study design. Endothelial function was evaluated through non-invasive flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurements at baseline (T0) and after 8 weeks (Tw8) of the MD or CD intervention, under both 12 h fast condition (fasting) and 2 h post-meal resembling the assigned diet (2 h). Assessments were conducted by a blinded sonographer. Results: FMD at T0-fasting was similar between MD and CD groups (6.11% ± 0.67 vs. 7.90% ± 1.65; p = 0.266). A significant difference in FMD between MD and CD groups was observed at T0-2h (12.14% ± 1.93 vs. 4.01% ± 1.03; p = 0.004), T8w-fasting (9.76% ± 1.18 vs. 5.03% ± 0.89; p = 0.008), and T8w-2h (8.99% ± 1.22 vs. 3.86% ± 0.52; p = 0.003). Oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) at T0 correlated with FMD percent changes from T0-fasting to T0-2h (r = 0.414, p = 0.044). After adjusting for age, gender, and OGIS, MD was an independent predictor of percent changes in FMD from T0-fasting to T0-2h (β: −0.582, p = 0.003), from T0-fasting to T8w-fasting (β: −0.498, p = 0.013), and from T0-fasting to T8w-2h (β: −0.479, p = 0.018). Conclusions: Adherence to the MD may improve endothelial function in both the short- and medium-term among patients at high cardiometabolic risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endothelial Dysfunction: From a Pathophysiological Mechanism to a Potential Therapeutic Target—3rd Edition)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Study flow diagram. FMD: flow-mediated dilation. R: randomization.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chat of study participants.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Control Diet (CD) groups at different time-points. 2h: 2 h after the test meal. 8w: 8 weeks after nutritional intervention.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Percent changes in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values from T0-fasting to T0-2h (Panel <b>A</b>), T8w-fasting (Panel <b>B</b>), and T8w-2h (Panel <b>C</b>) in Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Control Diet (CD) groups. 2h: 2 h after the test meal. 8w: 8 weeks after nutritional intervention.</p> Full article ">
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