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Agriculture
Special Issues
Water Needs of Crops and Irrigation Management under Climate Change
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Water Needs of Crops and Irrigation Management under Climate Change

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2023) | Viewed by 3873

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhandong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China
Interests: crop water physiology; water-saving technique; mechanism of crop water regulation in farmland; advanced irrigation application in maize production
Dr. Anzhen Qin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China
Interests: irrigation water use; regulated and deficit irrigation; drip and sprinkler irrigation; remote sensing in agriculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wen Yin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Interests: regulation mechanism of water use with diversified planting of crops; technologies and mechanisms for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in farmland; mechanism of soil carbon sequestration in farmland
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change has become a major challenge impacting world food production and crop water management. Crop production substantially relies on irrigation. At present, irrigated farmlands have contributed more than 50% of global available calories; meanwhile, crop irrigation consumes more than 60% of water withdrawn worldwide. Given the expansion of irrigated farmland, water shortage is escalating in the agricultural sector. Great efforts should be made to balance the water needs and supply while achieving high crop productivity. However, the climate system is changing, and the global average surface temperature has increased 0.65–1.06 °C. Climate change brings about temperature rises and erratic rainfall, increasing crop vulnerability in yield formation. Crop water needs are expected to markedly increase with global warming, further accelerating the world’s water crisis. In this context, global food security should be guaranteed by optimizing crop water management and improving crop adaptation to climate change. Understanding crop water needs under climate change is of irreplaceable importance for the sustainable development of agriculture. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of the latest developments in the major fields of crop water needs, water physiology, drought mitigation, water-saving techniques, smart irrigation, and strategies for optimizing crop water management in the context of climate change. With its paramount importance to meet the goal of global food and water safety under climate change, we welcome original research articles and reviews to this Special Issue entitled “Water Needs of Crops and Irrigation Management under Climate Change”.

Dr. Zhandong Liu
Dr. Anzhen Qin
Dr. Wen Yin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crop evapotranspiration
  • water physiology
  • water use and regulation
  • advanced water-saving technique
  • climate change
  • irrigation forecast

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 60539 KiB  
Article
Starch-Based Superabsorbent Enhances the Growth and Physiological Traits of Ornamental Shrubs
by Andrzej Pacholczak, Karolina Nowakowska and Marta Joanna Monder
Agriculture 2023, 13(10), 1893; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101893 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1492
Abstract
Periods of heat and water deficit often occur together and are especially dangerous for plants grown in pots, where the substrate volume for roots is limited. The purpose of the present research was to understand the response of shrubs planted in containers to [...] Read more.
Periods of heat and water deficit often occur together and are especially dangerous for plants grown in pots, where the substrate volume for roots is limited. The purpose of the present research was to understand the response of shrubs planted in containers to the addition of a starch-based superabsorbent to their growing medium. The growth parameters, physiological conditions, and oxidative stress of Cornus alba ’Aurea’, Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’, and Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Red Baron’ were assessed by adding a hydrogel (1, 2, or 3 g·dm−3) to their growing medium. The use of the superabsorbent improved the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, resulting in better growth parameters. The application of 1 g·dm−3 hydrogel increased the chlorophyll content in hydrangea and ninebark leaves (8%) and increased the content of total soluble sugars in these plants (12% and 15%, respectively). The highest increase in reducing sugars was caused by a dosage of 3 g·dm−3. The lowest dose of hydrogel resulted in a decrease in hydrogen peroxide content in the leaves of all the taxa. The relationship between the contents of biologically active components and oxidative stress proved ambiguous for all the taxa. Oxidative stress was reduced, as evidenced by lower hydrogen peroxide and an increase in pigment content. In summary, a hydrogel dosage of 2 g·dm−3 in the medium could be optimal in pot nursery production using 3 dm3 pots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Needs of Crops and Irrigation Management under Climate Change)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Means of monthly temperatures (°C) (average, minimum, maximum; absolute minimum and maximum) in the year 2022 and the mean of average temperatures in the years 1951–2021 in Warsaw [<a href="#B25-agriculture-13-01893" class="html-bibr">25</a>]. The numbers I–XII denote the months from January to December.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The relative soil humidity (%RH) around root ball measured in the afternoon (1 p.m.) and evening (7 p.m.) with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (three-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The linear regression analysis between the relative soil humidity around the root ball (%RH) measured at afternoon (1 p.m.) and in the evening (7 p.m.) with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Data represent the mean ± standard error (n = 3).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The evaluation scale for the root systems (root balls) of plants used in the assessment at the end of the experiment.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Means of shoot length increments (cm) in shrubs taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Means of leaf blade area (cm<sup>2</sup>) in shrubs taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Leaf blades of shrubs growing in a substrate enriched with one of three doses of starch-based superabsorbent in <span class="html-italic">Cornus alba</span> ’Aurea’ (<b>A</b>), <span class="html-italic">Hyndrangea paniculata</span> ‘Limelight’ (<b>B</b>), and <span class="html-italic">Physocarpus opulifolius</span> ‘Red Baron’ (<b>C</b>). Scale bars—10 cm.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Linear regression analysis between increments in shoot length (cm) and leaf area (cm<sup>2</sup>) for the taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Data represent the means of fifteen measurements ± standard error (n = 15).</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>The quality of root system in evaluation scale of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. The following 5-point scale was used: 1—single, poorly formed, and visible roots; 2—at least a dozen poorly formed roots; 3—a few longer and clearly visible roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated in length, starting to form a root ball; 5—roots strong, forming a well-developed root ball (<a href="#agriculture-13-01893-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>). Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Photosynthetic rate (A) (µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>) of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Stomatal conductance (gs) (mol H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>) of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Linear regression analysis between stomatal conductance (gs) (mol H<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>) and photosynthetic rate (A) (µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>) of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Data represent the mean ± standard error (n = 3).</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Epidermis stomata width in <span class="html-italic">Hyndrangea paniculata</span> ‘Limelight’ in (<b>A</b>) control and (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) plants treated with starch-based superabsorbent (respectively: (<b>B</b>) 1 g·dm<sup>−3</sup>; (<b>C</b>) 2 g·dm<sup>−3</sup>; (<b>D</b>) g·dm<sup>−3</sup>) and (<b>E</b>) means of stomatal pore width (Wp) (µm). Designations: Sc—stomata closed; So—stomata open. Bar = 60 µm. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan‘s multiple range test at α = 0.05.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>The chlorophylls content (mg·g<sup>−1</sup> DW) in leaves of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>The carotenoids content (mg·g<sup>−1</sup> DW) in leaves of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>The total carbohydrates content (mg·g<sup>−1</sup> DW) in leaves of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 17
<p>The reducing carbohydrates content (mg·g<sup>−1</sup> DW) in leaves of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">Figure 18
<p>The hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content (µg·g<sup>−1</sup> DW) in leaves of taxa planted in medium with starch-based superabsorbent and control. Bars followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (two-way ANOVA).</p> Full article ">
20 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Solutions for Arid Regions: Harnessing Aquaponics Water to Enhance Soil Quality in Egypt
by Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim, Eman Yousef, Marwa Hussien, Ahmad Hamza, Ahmad Menesi, Naglaa Youssef, Maha Omar, Joanna Lemanowicz, Gaber E. Eldesoky, Nesrin S. Abdelkarim, Renata Gaj, Jean Diatta and Samir A. Haddad
Agriculture 2023, 13(8), 1634; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081634 - 19 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1823
Abstract
Dual use of water for fish and crop production could be a promising approach to improve irrigation under arid conditions. A watercress pot study was carried out to assess the effects of irrigation by catfish and tilapia aquaculture water on the sandy soil [...] Read more.
Dual use of water for fish and crop production could be a promising approach to improve irrigation under arid conditions. A watercress pot study was carried out to assess the effects of irrigation by catfish and tilapia aquaculture water on the sandy soil properties as well as the growth parameters of watercress with various combinations of artificial NPK fertilizers at El-Minia Governorate of Egypt (28°18′16″ N latitude and 30°34′38″ E longitude). Catfish aquaculture water had the greatest phytoplankton abundance at 83,762 units (×104/L), while the minimum number of phytoplankton existed in tilapia aquaculture water, recorded at 14,873 units (×104/L). There were significant average changes that varied from 120 to 237 (×104 cfu/mL−1) in total bacterial counts in tilapia and catfish waters. Watercress growth quality parameters closely paralleled at all NPK application rates, indicating that the highest quality plants were produced in pots receiving 25% of the recommended levels and irrigated with catfish aquaculture water. Nitrate concentrations of watercress plants were determined under pollution levels established by the European Commission for leafy and tuber vegetables. In conclusion, the use of microbial and phytoplankton-rich aquaculture water to irrigate vegetables and as fertilizer can maintain a balanced soil ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Needs of Crops and Irrigation Management under Climate Change)
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