Pluteus insidiosus Complex, Four New Species Described and Pluteus reisneri Resurrected
<p>Best tree from the ML analysis of the nrITS + <span class="html-italic">TEF1-α</span> dataset. Bootstrap values ≥ 70% and posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 are indicated on or below the branches. The root length has been reduced to facilitate graphical representation.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Boxplots illustrating variability of patristic distances between collections of <span class="html-italic">Pluteus</span> belonging to the Clade I. Intra- and interspecific variation comparison across: nrITS1, nrITS2, nrITS (nrITS1-5.8S-nrITS2), <span class="html-italic">TEF1-α</span>-intron, <span class="html-italic">TEF1-α</span>-exon, <span class="html-italic">TEF1-α</span>, nrITS + <span class="html-italic">TEF1-α</span>.</p> "> Figure 3
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus</span><span class="html-italic">insidiosus</span> holotype L0053623. (<b>a</b>) cheilocystidia, (<b>b</b>) basidia, (<b>c</b>) spores, (<b>d</b>) pleurocystidia, (<b>e</b>) pileipellis elements. Scale bar 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 4
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus pseudoinsidiosus</span> basidiomata in situ: (<b>a</b>) holotype LIP0401350; (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. pseudoinsidiosus</span> basidiomata in situ, GM3569.</p> "> Figure 5
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus pseudoinsidiosus</span> holotype LIP0401350: (<b>a</b>) cheilocystidia; (<b>b</b>) basidia; (<b>c</b>) spores; (<b>d</b>) pleurocystidia; (<b>e</b>) pileipellis elements. Scale bar 20 μm.</p> "> Figure 6
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus</span><span class="html-italic">farensis</span> basidiomata in situ: (<b>a</b>) GDOR 5086; (<b>b</b>) GDOR 5085 (holotype).</p> "> Figure 7
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus</span><span class="html-italic">farensis</span> holotype GDOR 5085: (<b>a</b>) pileipellis elements; (<b>b</b>) caulocystidia; (<b>c</b>) cheilocystidia; (<b>d</b>) pleurocystidia; (<b>e</b>) basidia; (<b>f</b>) spores. Scale bar 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 8
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus flavostipitatus</span> basidioma in situ, holotype LE 313350. Scale bar 10 mm.</p> "> Figure 9
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus flavostipitatus</span> holotype LE 313350: (<b>a</b>) cheilocystidia; (<b>b</b>) pileipellis elements; (<b>c</b>) pleurocystidia; (<b>d</b>) basidia and spores. Scale bar 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 10
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus assimilatus</span> basidioma in situ: (<b>a</b>) LE 313452 (holotype); (<b>b</b>) TUF118809 (photo: Vello Liiv). Scale bar 10 mm.</p> "> Figure 11
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus assimilatus</span> LE 313452 holotype: (<b>a</b>) caulocystidia; (<b>b</b>) cheilocystidia; (<b>c</b>) pileipellis elements; (<b>d</b>) pleurocystidia; (<b>e</b>) basidia and spores. Scale bar 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 12
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus reisneri</span> holotype PRC, Velenovský herbarium, bottle 135: (<b>a</b>) cheilocystidia; (<b>b</b>) basidium and spores; (<b>c</b>) caulocystidia; (<b>d</b>) pileipellis elements. Scale bar 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 13
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus reisneri</span> basidiomata: (<b>a</b>) epitype BRNM781263; (<b>b</b>) FG24062020013; (<b>c</b>) FG14092019062; (<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>) BRNM781265; (<b>f</b>) FG13102019047; (<b>g</b>) BRNM808902; (<b>h</b>) BRNM817756; (<b>i</b>) FG26092019042; (<b>j</b>,<b>k</b>) BRNM825833; (<b>l</b>) OKA-TR1823.</p> "> Figure 14
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus reisneri</span> OKA-TR1823: (<b>a</b>) spores; (<b>b</b>) basidia and basidioles; (<b>c</b>) pleurocystidia; (<b>d</b>) cheilocystidia; (<b>e</b>) pileipellis elements. Scale bars: 10 μm.</p> "> Figure 15
<p><span class="html-italic">Pluteus reisneri</span> FG14092019062-FG26092019042-FG29092019000: (<b>a</b>) pileipellis elements; (<b>b</b>) caulocystidia; (<b>c</b>) cheilocystidia. (<b>d</b>) basidia; (<b>e</b>) spores. Scale bar: 20 μm.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Morphology
2.2. Molecular Phylogeny
2.2.1. DNA Extraction, Amplification, Sequencing and Sequence Alignment
2.2.2. Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Phylogeny
3.2. Taxonomy
4. Discussion
Identification Key | |
1 Cheilocystidia without rostrum………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus assimilatus |
1 Cheilocystidia with rostrum…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | 2 |
2 Stipe candle yellow (RAL 060-70-40)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus flavostipitatus |
2 Stipe whitish or pale greyish, sometimes with a bluish tinge……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | 3 |
3 Caulocystidia abundant, in clusters at least at lower part of the stipe, pileipellis without or with very rare elongate elements up to 70 µm, in few places in bigger clusters or not…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus reisneri |
3 Caulocystidia rare or absent at least at the lower part of the stipe, pileipellis without elongate elements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | 4 |
4 Stipe with bluish to greenish tinge………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus pseudoinsidiosus |
4 Stipe without bluish tinge………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | 5 |
5 Basidiospores predominantly globose to subglobose, clavate caulocystidia present at the upper part of the stipe………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus farensis |
5 Basidiospores predominantly subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, caulocystidia absent or very rare………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | 6 |
6 Pleurocystidia absent or very rare, without rostrum; lamellar edge heterogenous, in some parts with cheilocystidia forming clusters rendering the lamellar edge sterile, in other parts fertile with only scattered cheilocystidia………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus insidiosus |
6 Pleurocystidia absent or very rare, some with rostrum; lamellar edge sterile………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… | Pluteus pseudoinsidiosus |
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxon | Collection | Country | ITS | TEF1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
P. phlebophorus | AJ81 (NBM-F-009110) | Spain | HM562039 | ON133554 * |
P. rugosidiscus | BRNM761706 | Slovakia | MH010876 | LT991752 |
P. “insidiosus” | MCVE 15120 | Italy | JF908626 | – |
P. assimilatus | TUF118809 | Estonia | UDB019488 | ON133546 * |
P. assimilatus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0108769 | – |
P. assimilatus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0295281 | – |
P. assimilatus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0431493 | – |
P. assimilatus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0188089 | – |
P. assimilatus | LE313452! | Russia (North western FD) | ON118385 * | ON133545 * |
P. cf. thomsonii | MCVE 603 | Italy | JF908607 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | LE234787 | Russia | FJ774084 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | LE303662 | Russia (Siberia) | KX216329 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | LE303685 | Russia (Siberia) | KX216328 | ON133555 * |
P. cf. thomsonii | AJ206(LOU) | Spain | HM562053 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | GM2976 (NBM) | Spain | ON118386 * | ON133556 * |
P. cf. thomsonii | MA-Fungi 54629 | Spain | HM562066 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | iNaturalist 37478844 | USA (California) | iNaturalist 37478844 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | UC1859868 | USA (California) | KF306027 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | AMD 120 (SIU) | USA (Illinois) | HM562067 | – |
P. cf. thomsonii | Homola930 (MICH) | USA (Michigan) | HM562197 | – |
P. dominicanus var. hyalinus | SP393695 | Brazil | FJ816665 | – |
P. farensis | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0642780 | – |
P. farensis | GDOR5086 | Italy | ON118387 * | – |
P. farensis | GDOR5085! | Italy | ON118388 * | – |
P. flavostipitatus | LE 313350! | Russia (Far East) | ON118389 * | ON133542 * |
P. insidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB075094 | – |
P. insidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0528968 | – |
P. insidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0651839 | – |
P. insidiosus | L0053623! | Netherlands | ON118390 * | ON133541 * |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | BRNM747560 | Czech Republic | ON118391 * | ON133543 * |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0240603 | – |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0282747 | – |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0436887 | – |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0616398 | – |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | Environmental sample | Estonia | UDB0225977 | – |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | LIP0401350! | France | ON118392 * | ON133544 * |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | DMS10194422 | Iran | ON118393 * | – |
P. pseudoinsidiosus | GM3569 | Spain | ON118394 * | – |
P. reisneri | BRNM788198 | Czech Republic | MN597451 | – |
P. reisneri | BRNM788196 | Czech Republic | MN597450 | – |
P. reisneri | BRNM781263! | Czech Republic | LT838189 | – |
P. reisneri | BRNM792933 | Czech Republic | ON118395 * | ON133553 * |
P. reisneri | BRNM808902 | Czech Republic | ON118396 * | ON133547 * |
P. reisneri | BRNM817757 | Czech Republic | ON118397 * | ON133550 * |
P. reisneri | BRNM825834 | Czech Republic | ON118398 * | ON133549 * |
P. reisneri | BRNM817756 | Czech Republic | ON118399 * | ON133548 * |
P. reisneri | BRNM825833 | Czech Republic | ON118400 * | ON133551 * |
P. reisneri | BRNM808992 | Czech Republic | ON118401 * | ON133552 * |
P. reisneri | TUF118320 | Estonia | UDB015599 | – |
P. reisneri | FG24062020015 | Slovenia | ON118402 * | – |
P. reisneri | FG29092019000 | Slovenia | ON118404 * | – |
P. reisneri | FG14092019062 | Slovenia | ON118406 * | – |
P. reisneri | FG26092019042 | Slovenia | ON118405 * | – |
P. reisneri | FG13102019047 | Slovenia | ON118403 * | – |
P. reisneri | OKATR1823 | Turkey | OM654764 * | – |
P. reisneri | OKATR1824 | Turkey | OM654765 * | – |
Pluteus sp. | AJ 606 (NBM-F-009111) | USA (New York) | KR022011 | – |
Pluteus sp. | AJ491 (NBM-F-009112) | USA (US Virgin Islands) | KM983712 | – |
Uncultured Pluteus | HATFD14-10 | India | KU847900 | – |
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Ševčíková, H.; Ferisin, G.; Malysheva, E.; Justo, A.; Heilmann-Clausen, J.; Horak, E.; Kalinina, L.; Kaygusuz, O.; Knudsen, H.; Menolli, N., Jr.; et al. Pluteus insidiosus Complex, Four New Species Described and Pluteus reisneri Resurrected. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060623
Ševčíková H, Ferisin G, Malysheva E, Justo A, Heilmann-Clausen J, Horak E, Kalinina L, Kaygusuz O, Knudsen H, Menolli N Jr., et al. Pluteus insidiosus Complex, Four New Species Described and Pluteus reisneri Resurrected. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(6):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060623
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠevčíková, Hana, Giuliano Ferisin, Ekaterina Malysheva, Alfredo Justo, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Egon Horak, Lyudmila Kalinina, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Henning Knudsen, Nelson Menolli, Jr., and et al. 2022. "Pluteus insidiosus Complex, Four New Species Described and Pluteus reisneri Resurrected" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060623