The Geochemistry, Petrogenesis, and Rare-Metal Mineralization of the Peralkaline Granites and Related Pegmatites in the Arabian Shield: A Case Study of the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen Ring Complexes, Central Saudi Arabia
<p>A simplified geological map of the ANS (modified after [<a href="#B11-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">11</a>,<a href="#B12-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">12</a>,<a href="#B13-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">13</a>]) with the sites of the study areas and other rare-metal alkaline granites in the AS (red circles).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>A geological map of (<b>a</b>) the Dayheen area (modified after [<a href="#B14-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">14</a>]) and (<b>b</b>) the Jabal Sayed area (modified after [<a href="#B15-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">15</a>]). Sample locations are also shown.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Sharp intrusive contact between diorite and peralkaline granite in the Dayheen area. (<b>b</b>) A pegmatite dyke within the Dayheen peralkaline granite. (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) Photomicrographs showing the major minerals in the Dayheen hornblende–biotite granite. (<b>e</b>) A photomicrograph showing a blue subhedral crystal of riebeckite within the Dayheen aegirine–riebeckite granite. (<b>f</b>) A photomicrograph showing the slender prismatic shape of aegirine within the Dayheen aegirine–riebeckite granite. (<b>g</b>) A prismatic crystal of zircon within the Dayheen pegmatite. (<b>h</b>) Zoned allanite crystals within the Dayheen pegmatite. Mineral abbreviations according [<a href="#B16-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">16</a>].</p> "> Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) A photo of the pegmatite sheets showing the contact with the Jabal Sayid peralkaline granite. (<b>b</b>) A photo of the oxidized granite within the Jabal Sayid peralkaline granite. (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) Photomicrographs showing the deep-blue crystal of riebeckite and the euhedral crystal of aegirine within the Jabal Sayid peralkaline granite. (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>) Photomicrographs showing major mineral constituents of the Jabal Sayid pegmatite. Mineral abbreviations according to [<a href="#B16-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">16</a>].</p> "> Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) Wavelength-dispersion spectral scans of fluorite from Jabel Sayid peralkaline granite. (<b>b</b>) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum of synchysite from Jabel Sayid pegmatite. (<b>c</b>) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum of thorite from Jabel Sayid pegmatite.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The classification of the studied granitic samples according to the R1-R2 diagram [<a href="#B24-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">24</a>].</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Magma-type diagrams of Jabal Sayid and Dayheen granites. (<b>a</b>) A/CNK vs. A/NK diagram [<a href="#B25-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">25</a>], (<b>b</b>) AR vs. SiO<sub>2</sub> diagram [<a href="#B26-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">26</a>], AR (Alkalinity Ratio) = [Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + CaO + (Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O)]/[Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + CaO-(Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O)], (<b>c</b>) K<sub>2</sub>O vs. SiO<sub>2</sub> diagram [<a href="#B27-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">27</a>], and (<b>d</b>) FeO<sub>t</sub>/(FeO<sub>t</sub> + MgO) vs. SiO<sub>2</sub> diagram of [<a href="#B28-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">28</a>]. Symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The ocean ridge granite normalized spider diagram of trace elements [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">29</a>] for (<b>a</b>) the Dayheen peralkaline granites and pegmatites; (<b>b</b>) the Jabal Sayid peralkaline granites and pegmatites; (<b>c</b>) the Dayheen monzogranites; and (<b>d</b>) the Dayheen granodiorite–diorite association. Symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Chondrite-normalized REE patterns [<a href="#B30-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">30</a>] for (<b>a</b>) the Dayheen peralkaline granites and pegmatites; (<b>b</b>) the Jabal Sayid peralkaline granites and pegmatites; (<b>c</b>) the Dayheen monzogranites; and (<b>d</b>) the Dayheen granodiorite–diorite association. Symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>The histogram shows a comparison between Jabal Sayid and Dayheen in terms of their rare metal contents.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>(<b>a</b>) The R1-R2 tectonic setting discrimination diagram of [<a href="#B24-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">24</a>], with tectonic setting fields based on [<a href="#B31-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">31</a>]. The blue dashed line with arrows reflects different stages within a single orogenic cycle. (<b>b</b>) Y + Nb vs. Rb discrimination diagram [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">29</a>], post-collisional field (red dashed circle) after Pearce (1996). VAG = volcanic arc granite, SYN-COLG = syn-collision granite, ORG = ocean ridge granite, and WPG = within-plate granite. Symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>(<b>a</b>) Rb/Zr vs. SiO<sub>2</sub> (after [<a href="#B36-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">36</a>]). (<b>b</b>) Zr + Nb + Ce + Y (ppm) vs. (Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O)/CaO (after [<a href="#B35-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">35</a>]). (<b>c</b>) The Zr vs. SiO<sub>2</sub> discrimination diagram for I- and A-type granitoid rocks [<a href="#B37-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">37</a>]. (<b>d</b>) The ternary diagram of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/(Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MgO)-3CaO-5(K<sub>2</sub>O/Na<sub>2</sub>O) (after [<a href="#B38-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">38</a>]). The different fields represent the compositions of melts derived from a range of potential sources (tonalites, metasediments, and low- and high-K mafic rocks), determined by major element compositions of partial melts in experimental studies. (<b>e</b>) The Sr–Rb–Ba ternary plot for the studied granites (modified after [<a href="#B39-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">39</a>]). (<b>f</b>) Molar CaO/(MgO + FeO<sub>total</sub>) vs. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/(MgO + FeO<sub>total</sub>) (after [<a href="#B40-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">40</a>]). Symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>(<b>a</b>) Rb/Sr ranges of the studied granitoid and associated pegmatites. (<b>b</b>) The Nb-Y-3Ga ternary diagram of [<a href="#B33-applsci-14-02814" class="html-bibr">33</a>]. Symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Pie charts illustrating the proportions of HREEs (Gd to Lu), LREEs (La to Sm), Zr, Y, and Nb in rare-metal peralkaline granites and related pegmatite in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Correlations between the contents of rare metals and Nb as an indicator of magma fractionation. The open diamond symbols represent the Dayheen pegmatites, closed diamond symbols represent the Jabal Sayid pegmatites, and other symbols as in <a href="#applsci-14-02814-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>A simplified model for the tectonomagmatic evolution of the juvenile crust in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas, the western AS of Saudi Arabia. (<b>A</b>) The subduction of the oceanic crust, ophiolite detachment, and thrusting along the Bir Umq suture zone with the arc volcanism and arc-related plutonism of the granodiorite–diorite association. (<b>B</b>) The collisional phase, crustal anatexis, and monzogranite intrusions. (<b>C</b>) The partial melting of the crustal material leads to the generation of peralkaline granites and related pegmatites in post-collisional extension settings. The crust and mantle thickness are not to scale.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- What are the specific mechanisms involved in the petrogenesis of the peralkaline granites and related pegmatites in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas?
- (2)
- What are the geochemical similarities or differences among the peralkaline granites and related pegmatites in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas?
- (3)
- What is the significance of the rare metal data in terms of the granitic evolution in both the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas? The researchers aim to understand how rare metals, including REEs, Zr, Y, Nb, U, and Th, are concentrated and fractionated during the late-stage magmatic processes that have influenced the evolution of the granitic systems in these areas.
- (4)
- What is the role of crystallization, partial melting, and the nature of the source protolith in shaping the rare-metal granitic systems in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas?
2. Geological Settings
2.1. Dayheen Ring Complex
2.2. Jabal Sayid
3. Analytical Techniques
4. Petrography
4.1. Dayheen Ring Complex
4.1.1. Peralkaline Granites
4.1.2. Monzogranite
4.1.3. Pegmatite
4.2. Jabal Sayed
4.2.1. Peralkaline Granite
4.2.2. Pegmatite
5. Geochemistry
5.1. Major and Trace Element Characteristics
5.2. REEs Characteristics
5.3. Rare Metal Contents
6. Discussion
6.1. Tectonic Setting
6.2. The Petrogenesis of the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen Granitoids
6.2.1. Subduction-Related Granitoids
6.2.2. Collision-Related Granitoids
6.2.3. Post-Orogenic or Anorogenic Granitoids
6.3. Genesis of Rare Metals
6.4. Genetic Model
- (a)
- Subduction-related magmatism: During this stage, the early mafic magma produced subduction-related granodiorite–diorite in the early stage of underplating. This mafic magma, likely derived from the subducting oceanic lithosphere, interacted with the overlying continental crust. The interaction resulted in the production of subduction-related granodiorite–diorite (Figure 16A). This stage represents the initial phase of magmatic activity related to subduction. Slab breakoff can lead to a change in subduction dynamics and the cessation of subduction-related magmatism. Subduction initiation and the formation of arc terranes occurred between 870 and 620 Ma [10].
- (b)
- Collision-related magmatism: As the tectonic processes continued, crustal thickening occurred in the region, and consequently the subducted oceanic slab broke off (Figure 16B). The deeper portions of the overlying crust, composed of metatonalites and graywackes, were subjected to increased pressure and temperature conditions. These conditions brought these rocks above their solidus temperatures, leading to partial melting. The resulting melt contributed to the early mafic magma, giving rise to a new generation of intermediate magma that produced monzogranites. Ref. [6] reported zircon U-Pb ages of 625 ± 11 Ma for the hornblende–biotite granite and 613 ± 4 Ma for the monzogranite in the core of the Dayheen ring complex. These ages suggest that the monzogranite is younger than the rimmed hornblende–biotite granite. This age relationship contradicts the interpretation based on the present geochemical results, which suggest that the monzogranite is related to the collision stage, while the hornblende–biotite granite formed later in a post-collision stage. This implies that the monzogranite in the core of the ring complex is indeed older than the peralkaline rocks in the rim, consistent with the geological fact that the monzogranite was emplaced earlier than the rimmed granitic rocks, as stated by [56].
- (c)
- Post-collision magmatism: The geochemistry and previous geochronology show that the Dayheen and Jabal Sayid rare-metal-bearing peralkaline granites and related pegmatites were probably generated in a post-collision extensional setting. During this stage, anatexis, or partial melting, took place in the crustal material, leading to the generation of a new magma, which produced peralkaline granites and related pegmatites (Figure 16C). The magma composition was likely influenced by progressive chemical fractionation processes, which caused the development of peralkaline A-type granites and related pegmatites. The development of the Najd fault system is believed to have facilitated the ascent of magmas and the formation of peralkaline granitoids within the AS [9,57,58,59,60,61]. This fault system provided pathways for the upward migration of magmas from deeper levels to shallower crustal levels, where they eventually crystallized and formed peralkaline granitoids. The extensive crystallization and differentiation processes that occur during the emplacement and cooling of post-collision granite magma can lead to the enrichment of rare metals and other related elements in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas.
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Accessory Mineral Group | Dayheen | Jabal Sayid | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mineral Name | Formula | Mineral Name | Formula | |
REEs-Ti-Zr association | Zircon Titanite | ZrSiO4 CaTiSiO5 | Synchysite Bastnaesite Titanite Zircon | (Ca, Ce(CO3)2F (Ca, La)(CO3)F CaTiSiO5 ZrSiO4 |
REEs-Ca-P association | Apatite Allanite Monazite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl) (Ce,Ca)2(Al, Fe3+)3(SiO3)3(OH) (La,Ce,Nd,Th)PO4 | Xenotime Monazite | (Y, Yb)(PO4) (La,Ce,Nd,Th)PO4 |
REEs-Y-Nb association | Pyrochlore Samarskite | (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6 (OH,F) (Y-Yb) Fe3+Nb2O8 | Pyrochlore | (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6 (OH,F) |
Th-U-Pb minerals | thorite | ThSiO4 | Thorite Kasolite | ThSiO4 Pb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O |
Rock Type | DL * | Peralkaline Granites | Pegmatites | Monzogranites | Granodiorites | Diorites | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegirine–Riebeckite Granite | Hornblende–Biotite Granite | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sample | GT1 | GT2 | GT3 | GT4 | GT5 | GT6 | GT7 | GT8 | GT9 | GT10 | GT11 | GT12 | GT13 | PG1 | PG2 | PG3 | PG4 | MZ1 | MZ2 | MZ3 | GD1 | GD2 | Dio1 | Dio2 | |
Major elements (wt%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
SiO2 | 0.1 | 73.2 | 71.5 | 71.8 | 73.0 | 71.3 | 72.5 | 75.9 | 70.5 | 72.5 | 74.1 | 74.2 | 71.8 | 72.1 | 69.7 | 66.3 | 72.6 | 71.9 | 73.6 | 73.0 | 72.7 | 69.9 | 62.5 | 56.9 | 58.8 |
TiO2 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Al2O3 | 0.01 | 11.6 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 11.6 | 9.6 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 10.6 | 7.8 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 16.8 |
Fe2O3 ** | 0.01 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.4 |
MnO | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
MgO | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 1.02 | 2.60 | 2.76 | 2.03 |
CaO | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 5.6 | 8.3 | 6.1 |
Na2O | 0.01 | 5.5 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 9.0 | 4.3 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
K2O | 0.01 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
P2O5 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 3.00 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.01 |
Cr2O3 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
LOI | −5.11 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 2.8 |
SUM | 99.4 | 99.7 | 99.0 | 100.6 | 99.2 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 99.2 | 99.7 | 99.2 | 99.7 | 99.1 | 99.6 | 94.8 | 96.4 | 100.5 | 96.4 | 100.2 | 99.3 | 100.0 | 100.4 | 100.1 | 100.5 | 99.5 | |
REEs (ppm) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
La | 0.1 | 82.4 | 27.7 | 161 | 106 | 62.3 | 120 | 360 | 108 | 94.2 | 89.2 | 38.9 | 204 | 109 | 907.6 | 759.0 | 361.0 | 337 | 22.2 | 25.5 | 18.9 | 36.8 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 15.7 |
Ce | 0.1 | 187 | 59.0 | 358 | 227 | 146 | 273 | 870 | 191 | 195 | 196 | 93.4 | 385 | 247 | 2316 | 1731 | 848.7 | 779 | 46.2 | 34.5 | 50.2 | 70.2 | 26.4 | 20.8 | 34.6 |
Pr | 0.02 | 24.1 | 7.9 | 48.2 | 29.8 | 20.1 | 37.6 | 99.2 | 21.7 | 25.7 | 26.0 | 12.1 | 48.5 | 30.5 | 300.5 | 219.0 | 110.5 | 101 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 7.9 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 4.7 |
Nd | 0.3 | 101 | 32.6 | 206 | 126 | 87.2 | 154 | 334 | 89.3 | 109 | 111 | 49.3 | 194 | 119 | 1215 | 719.0 | 430.1 | 416 | 23.9 | 24.5 | 27.9 | 30.4 | 16.3 | 11.1 | 21.2 |
Sm | 0.05 | 24.0 | 6.8 | 45.9 | 25.9 | 20.7 | 38.4 | 91.4 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 22.2 | 12.1 | 38.9 | 27.2 | 345.7 | 172.0 | 120.1 | 101 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 5.6 |
Eu | 0.02 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 17.2 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 4.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Gd | 0.05 | 23.5 | 5.9 | 40.2 | 21.0 | 19.3 | 39.4 | 96.1 | 27.3 | 16.2 | 19.1 | 11.7 | 31.9 | 28.3 | 372.5 | 166.9 | 139.1 | 131 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 5.4 |
Tb | 0.01 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 6.3 | 17.9 | 5.6 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 64.7 | 37.9 | 29.0 | 26.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
Dy | 0.05 | 15.5 | 3.3 | 25.9 | 9.7 | 15.0 | 36.9 | 107 | 43.4 | 9.8 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 17.9 | 35.0 | 378.5 | 302.9 | 191.0 | 163 | 9.3 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 7.1 |
Ho | 0.02 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 7.4 | 22.5 | 11.8 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 8.2 | 79.6 | 81.9 | 38.6 | 36.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
Er | 0.03 | 6.7 | 1.1 | 9.3 | 2.4 | 7.8 | 19.5 | 57.6 | 39.5 | 4.6 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 24.6 | 209.6 | 278.9 | 112.0 | 106 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 4.3 |
Tm | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 31.2 | 46.9 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Yb | 0.05 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 7.9 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 15.2 | 36.5 | 49.0 | 4.6 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 23.6 | 196.2 | 313.9 | 118.3 | 103 | 7.7 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.5 |
Lu | 0.01 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 4.7 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 29.5 | 47.0 | 19.8 | 17.0 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Trace elements (ppm) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Y | 0.1 | 73.6 | 18.5 | 103 | 33.6 | 76.5 | 192 | 640 | 314 | 55.8 | 68.2 | 59.4 | 79.2 | 223 | 185.7 | 2399 | 1461 | 974 | 66.3 | 45.3 | 29.2 | 23.2 | 19.5 | 27.5 | 42.5 |
Hf | 0.1 | 19.5 | 5.5 | 30.4 | 3.7 | 23.5 | 44.5 | 41.7 | 258 | 11.7 | 31.6 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 80.6 | 617.7 | 531.0 | 360.0 | 131 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 4.8 |
Nb | 0.1 | 64.0 | 9.4 | 58.0 | 32.3 | 121 | 115 | 579 | 141 | 42.6 | 40.7 | 60.5 | 360 | 136 | 2129 | 659.0 | 1639 | 1351 | 16.9 | 14.0 | 21.0 | 6.2 | 2.4 | 4.7 | 6.6 |
Ta | 0.1 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 28.8 | 13.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 40.7 | 11.6 | 163.8 | 81.6 | 96.6 | 94.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Th | 0.2 | 7.4 | 2.1 | 18.0 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 13.1 | 91.7 | 21.3 | 3.1 | 10.5 | 7.2 | 267 | 22.2 | 263.8 | 2201 | 601.2 | 222 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 9.5 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 5.8 |
Zn | 1 | 86.0 | 32.0 | 17.0 | 20.0 | 38.0 | 65.0 | 630 | 26.0 | 13.0 | 20.0 | 14.0 | 62.0 | 69.0 | 1653 | 255 | 381.8 | 503 | 42.0 | 61.0 | 52.0 | 51.0 | 43.0 | 53.0 | 63.0 |
Co | 0.2 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 39.9 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 22.3 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 9.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 7.4 | 16.6 | 16.9 | 15.9 |
Ni | 0.1 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 10.6 | 28.7 | 13.9 |
Ba | 0.01 | 4.0 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 155.0 | 61.0 | 229.9 | 137 | 256 | 193 | 189 | 565 | 727 | 171 | 178 |
V | 8 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 53.0 | 13.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 36.0 | 145 | 158 | 156 |
Cu | 0.1 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 15.2 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 17.9 | 17.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 21.8 | 89.3 | 60.8 | 73.8 |
Sr | 0.5 | 13.5 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 8.2 | 12.0 | 20.3 | 21.5 | 21.2 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 16.7 | 13.2 | 53.7 | 59.0 | 56.0 | 12.0 | 92.6 | 120 | 290 | 331 | 531 | 440 | 615 |
Zr | 0.1 | 642 | 175 | 1115 | 101 | 918 | 1622 | 1563 | 9295 | 409 | 1157 | 311 | 102 | 2936 | 24,596 | 20,950 | 15,020 | 2392 | 149 | 180 | 156 | 152 | 121 | 73 | 149 |
Rb | 0.1 | 441 | 349 | 444 | 438 | 429 | 385 | 390 | 530 | 372 | 314.1 | 329.8 | 599.2 | 540.4 | 96.6 | 11.0 | 373.0 | 373 | 77.9 | 125 | 144 | 43.7 | 32.0 | 13.6 | 16.0 |
As | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 2.6 |
Be | 1 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 108.0 | 92.0 | 88.2 | 95.2 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | <1 | 5.0 |
Sb | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | <0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Sn | 1 | 20.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 25.0 | 39.0 | 35.0 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 25.0 | 34.0 | 202.0 | 269.0 | 130.2 | 124 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | <1 | <1 |
U | 0.1 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 9.4 | 68.2 | 28.5 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 12.1 | 15.8 | 287.8 | 251.0 | 139.7 | 101 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
W | 0.5 | 48.1 | 38.2 | 408 | 43.4 | 47.6 | 54.5 | 88.5 | 38.0 | 48.1 | 50.5 | 21.9 | 21.0 | 228.7 | 103.7 | 97.1 | 92.3 | 67.0 | 35.0 | 40.1 | 38.0 | 17.6 | 20.8 | 11.4 | 23.8 |
Cd | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Cs | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Ga | 0.5 | 51.7 | 64.6 | 56.4 | 55.8 | 59.5 | 51.4 | 39.3 | 48.2 | 52.0 | 47.2 | 46.7 | 58.8 | 48.0 | 45.5 | 57.2 | 29.2 | 38.5 | 16.1 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 15.7 | 15.0 |
Mo | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 98.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
Pb | 0.1 | 30.0 | 11.1 | 34.8 | 10.4 | 29.6 | 74.7 | 258 | 147 | 11.6 | 15.6 | 25.1 | 37.0 | 19.5 | 414 | 101 | 261.5 | 243 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 6.3 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.5 |
Au | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 9.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
Bi | 0.1 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Se | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 11.9 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Eu/Eu * | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.72 | |
(La/Yb)N | 14.34 | 23.06 | 19.07 | 57.27 | 7.06 | 7.40 | 9.49 | 2.07 | 19.12 | 11.16 | 8.45 | 54.96 | 4.34 | 4.36 | 2.28 | 2.87 | 3.09 | 2.70 | 11.02 | 9.32 | 15.19 | 5.64 | 5.04 | 4.26 | |
Y/Nb | 1.15 | 1.97 | 1.78 | 1.04 | 0.63 | 1.67 | 1.11 | 2.23 | 1.31 | 1.68 | 0.98 | 0.22 | 1.64 | 0.09 | 3.64 | 0.89 | 0.72 | 3.92 | 3.24 | 1.39 | 3.74 | 8.13 | 5.85 | 6.44 | |
Nb/Ta | 12.08 | 8.55 | 14.50 | 12.92 | 14.21 | 12.93 | 20.11 | 10.78 | 13.74 | 13.57 | 14.76 | 8.85 | 11.76 | 13.00 | 8.08 | 16.97 | 14.27 | 8.45 | 9.33 | 10.00 | 6.89 | 4.80 | 11.75 | 11.00 | |
Rb/Sr | 32.6 | 40.6 | 77.9 | 74.3 | 52.3 | 32.1 | 19.2 | 24.6 | 17.5 | 87.3 | 48.5 | 35.9 | 40.9 | 1.8 | 0.186 | 6.659 | 31.05 | 0.8 | 1.042 | 0.497 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.031 | 0.026 |
Rock Type | DL * | Peralkaline Granites | Pegmatites | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | SD1 | SD2 | SD3 | SD4 | SD5 | SD6 | SD7 | SD8 | SD9 | SD10 | SDPG1 | SDPG2 | SDPG3 | SDPG4 | SDPG5 | SDPG6 | |
Major elements (wt%) | |||||||||||||||||
SiO2 | 0.1 | 73.9 | 74.8 | 74.3 | 74.0 | 74.9 | 74.2 | 75.3 | 74.9 | 75.0 | 74.8 | 74.6 | 73.7 | 71.8 | 73.8 | 70.0 | 71.6 |
TiO2 | 0.01 | 11.03 | 11.01 | 11.22 | 10.89 | 10.92 | 11.09 | 10.44 | 10.40 | 10.88 | 11.20 | 9.28 | 7.25 | 7.53 | 7.37 | 6.65 | 6.14 |
Al2O3 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 1.75 | 1.33 | 0.62 | 0.88 | 0.45 |
Fe2O3 ** | 0.01 | 3.97 | 3.55 | 3.71 | 3.98 | 3.97 | 4.01 | 4.74 | 3.33 | 3.10 | 3.21 | 4.15 | 4.09 | 2.93 | 5.01 | 4.84 | 7.22 |
MnO | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.50 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.11 | <0.01 | 0.34 |
MgO | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.17 |
CaO | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 1.12 | 0.19 | 1.06 | 1.20 | 2.82 | 0.81 | 4.21 | 1.91 |
Na2O | 0.01 | 4.66 | 4.86 | 5.56 | 5.51 | 4.96 | 5.30 | 4.13 | 5.11 | 4.58 | 5.51 | 4.19 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.37 |
K2O | 0.01 | 3.99 | 3.97 | 3.39 | 3.88 | 3.94 | 4.02 | 3.98 | 4.34 | 3.82 | 3.98 | 3.34 | 5.26 | 5.09 | 5.07 | 4.41 | 4.53 |
P2O5 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.31 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
Cr2O3 | 0.01 | 0.018 | 0.022 | 0.017 | 0.010 | 0.019 | 0.112 | 0.123 | 0.107 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.320 | 0.420 | 0.239 | 0.142 | 0.027 | 0.161 |
LOI | −5.11 | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.99 | 0.21 | 1.28 | 1.83 | 3.58 | 1.86 | 4.02 | 2.60 |
SUM | 99.60 | 99.75 | 99.69 | 99.95 | 99.47 | 99.91 | 99.91 | 99.26 | 99.69 | 99.38 | 99.56 | 96.55 | 96.45 | 95.25 | 95.50 | 95.65 | |
REEs (ppm) | |||||||||||||||||
La | 0.1 | 65.1 | 110.0 | 79.2 | 54.6 | 72.80 | 93.6 | 135.4 | 63.9 | 61.3 | 85.7 | 334.6 | 745.4 | 2008.6 | 415.4 | 1775.6 | 1241.2 |
Ce | 0.1 | 144.9 | 271.1 | 185.0 | 131.0 | 181.70 | 224.9 | 323.0 | 156.8 | 150.3 | 181.6 | 828.3 | 1731.9 | 2881.0 | 971.2 | 2742.2 | 2580.5 |
Pr | 0.02 | 19.02 | 35.00 | 22.00 | 15.82 | 19.84 | 29.03 | 40.76 | 21.13 | 18.86 | 22.70 | 103.03 | 230.28 | 269.47 | 121.73 | 288.12 | 339.20 |
Nd | 0.3 | 83.0 | 134.1 | 82.0 | 63.9 | 82.30 | 116.3 | 167.9 | 86.4 | 78.6 | 89.7 | 409.4 | 927.0 | 852.1 | 470.8 | 1024.1 | 1530.1 |
Sm | 0.05 | 22.00 | 45.00 | 22.10 | 16.03 | 22.32 | 31.98 | 41.18 | 25.90 | 18.99 | 19.34 | 131.72 | 310.82 | 282.40 | 180.75 | 409.61 | 700.37 |
Eu | 0.02 | 1.00 | 2.08 | 1.06 | 0.80 | 0.29 | 1.45 | 2.15 | 1.80 | 1.14 | 0.90 | 7.33 | 18.20 | 18.29 | 11.94 | 28.26 | 42.57 |
Gd | 0.05 | 23.93 | 57.11 | 25.01 | 16.79 | 26.29 | 30.96 | 43.62 | 31.70 | 18.55 | 19.95 | 179.61 | 432.22 | 500.88 | 299.01 | 736.33 | 1138.77 |
Tb | 0.01 | 3.83 | 11.04 | 4.80 | 2.69 | 4.67 | 4.40 | 8.01 | 6.27 | 3.42 | 3.47 | 39.64 | 99.02 | 130.52 | 79.94 | 176.13 | 241.11 |
Dy | 0.05 | 22.97 | 76.00 | 29.01 | 14.49 | 35.43 | 23.57 | 46.38 | 37.09 | 19.13 | 19.70 | 244.81 | 661.31 | 945.39 | 612.56 | 1223.14 | 1496.99 |
Ho | 0.02 | 3.67 | 15.92 | 5.47 | 2.90 | 7.49 | 4.73 | 8.78 | 8.77 | 4.71 | 4.15 | 52.80 | 154.65 | 238.82 | 155.56 | 284.26 | 324.01 |
Er | 0.03 | 12.99 | 44.81 | 12.99 | 7.19 | 22.74 | 11.95 | 21.86 | 26.49 | 13.21 | 11.04 | 135.24 | 424.68 | 695.71 | 473.31 | 767.08 | 774.31 |
Tm | 0.01 | 1.80 | 7.74 | 1.67 | 0.98 | 2.63 | 1.89 | 3.31 | 4.59 | 2.24 | 1.79 | 18.16 | 55.61 | 97.60 | 77.07 | 109.79 | 90.12 |
Yb | 0.05 | 11.10 | 31.04 | 7.99 | 5.22 | 18.88 | 11.47 | 19.83 | 27.42 | 12.15 | 10.43 | 87.79 | 303.28 | 549.87 | 470.88 | 609.28 | 399.70 |
Lu | 0.01 | 1.95 | 3.79 | 0.99 | 0.84 | 2.08 | 1.76 | 3.39 | 4.92 | 2.44 | 1.79 | 10.45 | 46.08 | 78.33 | 66.31 | 77.77 | 46.67 |
Trace elements (ppm) | |||||||||||||||||
Y | 0.1 | 1229.7 | 443.9 | 149.0 | 76.1 | 210.20 | 123.5 | 223.9 | 229.2 | 121.3 | 107.1 | 1322.5 | 3626.7 | 5764.3 | 3445.5 | 7049.0 | 7905.0 |
Hf | 0.1 | 29.9 | 48.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 15.50 | 28.5 | 57.7 | 68.6 | 28.8 | 32.1 | 45.2 | 414.3 | 271.7 | 369.7 | 278.0 | 111.6 |
Nb | 0.1 | 87.3 | 167.1 | 55.0 | 119.0 | 113.70 | 123.6 | 219.0 | 121.0 | 104.5 | 63.7 | 912.7 | 1107.7 | 928.0 | 1480.5 | 618.6 | 1386.2 |
Ta | 0.1 | 6.0 | 12.6 | 3.4 | 23.9 | 8.60 | 8.1 | 14.7 | 10.8 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 67.2 | 92.0 | 107.3 | 131.8 | 61.4 | 94.0 |
Th | 0.2 | 25.1 | 56.0 | 45.5 | 11.7 | 79.60 | 34.2 | 86.1 | 5.1 | 27.9 | 31.9 | 236.1 | 163.0 | 2224.7 | 1628.0 | 1886.8 | 2617.1 |
Zn | 1 | 81 | 277 | 42 | 25 | 84.10 | 25 | 249 | 36 | 93 | 50 | 1583 | 181 | 171 | 424 | 509 | 3873 |
Co | 0.2 | 9.7 | 7.0 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.30 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 6.4 | 50.2 | 5.1 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.0 |
Ni | 0.1 | 12.8 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 3.60 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 4.5 |
Ba | 0.01 | 21 | 25 | 14 | 19 | 9.10 | 14 | 16 | 6 | 15 | 9 | 76 | 26 | 80 | 41 | 28 | 47 |
V | 8 | 35 | <8 | 8 | <8 | <8 | <8 | <8 | <8 | <8 | 15 | 23 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 11 |
Cu | 0.1 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 47.0 | 8.3 | 3.10 | 2.9 | 7.8 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 17.3 | 29.7 | 24.9 | 30.3 | 9.8 | 43.0 |
Sr | 0.5 | 26.0 | 18.1 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 5.90 | 17.1 | 6.9 | 13.5 | 12.0 | 6.7 | 35.7 | 27.6 | 55.7 | 27.6 | 622.8 | 317.5 |
Zr | 0.1 | 11,310 | 2015 | 769 | 788 | 731.6 | 1120 | 2261 | 2712 | 1079 | 1064 | 2342 | 19,962 | 14,577 | 19,914 | 15,867 | 5846 |
Rb | 0.1 | 243.0 | 323.2 | 221.1 | 225.0 | 248.30 | 345.7 | 320.0 | 309.3 | 242.0 | 214.6 | 227.6 | 650.4 | 748.7 | 598.4 | 622.3 | 696.8 |
As | 0.5 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 4.40 | 21.1 | 1.1 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 6.2 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 10.2 | 12.2 |
Be | 1 | 5 | 8 | 19 | 6 | 14.10 | 10 | 4 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 9 | 25 | 25 | 14 | 10 | 18 |
Sb | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.40 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Sn | 1 | 12 | 20 | 13 | 12 | 13.10 | 17 | 38 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 63 | 180 | 132 | 154 | 77 | 182 |
U | 0.1 | 9.0 | 19.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 16.20 | 9.4 | 25.1 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 87.8 | 139.6 | 357.6 | 319.6 | 252.1 | 552.8 |
W | 0.5 | 67.4 | 61.0 | 55.6 | 51.0 | 60.30 | 55.4 | 60.8 | 77.8 | 56.8 | 550.7 | 37.6 | 69.3 | 40.8 | 49.7 | 38.4 | 32.7 |
Cd | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 5.5 |
Cs | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.00 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.6 |
Ga | 0.5 | 37.9 | 40.0 | 41.2 | 36.2 | 36.60 | 42.8 | 40.8 | 38.8 | 39.1 | 35.8 | 39.6 | 31.9 | 32.1 | 40.1 | 34.2 | 32.1 |
Mo | 0.1 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.00 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
Pb | 0.1 | 27.3 | 38.3 | 37.6 | 9.0 | 48.30 | 29.7 | 112.9 | 29.3 | 14.2 | 20.3 | 63.9 | 146.4 | 320.5 | 847.5 | 139.9 | 284.9 |
Au | 0.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 2.1 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 31.2 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 |
Bi | 0.1 | 0.5 | <0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.50 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <0.1 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 0.3 |
Se | 0.2 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | 0.7 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 | <0.5 |
Eu/Eu * | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | |
(La/Yb)N | 5.53 | 3.34 | 9.34 | 9.86 | 3.63 | 7.69 | 6.43 | 2.20 | 4.75 | 7.74 | 3.59 | 2.32 | 3.44 | 0.83 | 2.75 | 2.93 | |
Y/Nb | 14.09 | 2.66 | 2.71 | 0.64 | 1.85 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.89 | 1.16 | 1.68 | 1.45 | 3.27 | 6.21 | 2.33 | 11.40 | 5.70 | |
Nb/Ta | 14.55 | 13.26 | 16.18 | 4.98 | 13.22 | 15.26 | 14.90 | 11.20 | 13.06 | 12.74 | 13.58 | 12.04 | 8.65 | 11.23 | 10.07 | 14.74 | |
Rb/Sr | 9.3 | 17.9 | 15.1 | 17.3 | 42.08 | 20.2 | 46.4 | 22.9 | 20.2 | 32.0 | 6.4 | 23.6 | 13.4 | 21.7 | 1.0 | 2.2 |
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Abd El-Naby, H.H.; Dawood, Y.H. The Geochemistry, Petrogenesis, and Rare-Metal Mineralization of the Peralkaline Granites and Related Pegmatites in the Arabian Shield: A Case Study of the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen Ring Complexes, Central Saudi Arabia. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 2814. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072814
Abd El-Naby HH, Dawood YH. The Geochemistry, Petrogenesis, and Rare-Metal Mineralization of the Peralkaline Granites and Related Pegmatites in the Arabian Shield: A Case Study of the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen Ring Complexes, Central Saudi Arabia. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(7):2814. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072814
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbd El-Naby, Hamdy H., and Yehia H. Dawood. 2024. "The Geochemistry, Petrogenesis, and Rare-Metal Mineralization of the Peralkaline Granites and Related Pegmatites in the Arabian Shield: A Case Study of the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen Ring Complexes, Central Saudi Arabia" Applied Sciences 14, no. 7: 2814. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072814