Electrochemical Behaviour of an Au-Ge Alloy in an Artificial Saliva and Sweat Solution
<p>Open-circuit potential value as a function of different immersion times.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Potentiodynamic polarisation curves of the Au-Ge alloy immersed in artificial sweat at different periods.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) The Bode phase angle and (<b>b</b>) Bode magnitude of the Au-Ge alloy immersed in artificial sweat at different periods.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Potentiodynamic polarisation curves of the Au-Ge alloy immersed in artificial saliva (pH = 4.81) at different periods.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Potentiodynamic polarisation curves of the Au-Ge alloy immersed in artificial saliva (pH = 2.51) at different periods.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>(<b>a</b>) The Bode phase angle and (<b>b</b>) Bode magnitude of the Au-Ge alloy immersed in artificial saliva (pH = 4.81) at different periods.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(<b>a</b>) The Bode phase angle and (<b>b</b>) Bode magnitude of the Au-Ge alloy immersed in artificial saliva (pH = 2.51) at different periods.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>SEM/EDX analysis of the Au-Ge alloy samples after 24 h of immersion in the artificial sweat and artificial saliva solution during electrochemical testing.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Artificial Sweat
3.1.1. Open-Circuit Potential Measurement—Artificial Sweat
3.1.2. Potentiodynamic Measurements—Artificial Sweat
3.1.3. EIS Measurements—Artificial Sweat
3.2. Artificial Saliva
3.2.1. Open-Circuit Potential Measurement—Artificial Saliva
3.2.2. Potentiodynamic Measurements—Artificial Saliva
3.2.3. EIS Measurements—Artificial Saliva
3.3. SEM/EDX Analysis
4. Conclusions
- -
- The obtained results showed that the polarisation curves of the tested alloy were similar in all measurements, suggesting that the main corrosion mechanism was the same, regardless of the immersion times. The difference in behaviour occurred only in the length of the Tafel’s, mixed, and passive region, as well as in the value of the passive current density.
- -
- As a function of immersion time, a shift in EOCP and Ecorr towards the anodic direction was also recorded, as well as an increase in the corrosion current density. This kind of behaviour suggests that the layer formed on the alloy’s surface in the artificial sweat solution formed a kind of insulating barrier, but it was, nevertheless, permeable to ions’ exchange.
- -
- The EIS measurements confirmed that, after one hour in the artificial sweat solution, the Au-Ge alloy surface did not stabilise. Because of that, the immersion time of 1 h differed in the behaviour when compared to the later period, and was described by a model with two time constants in contrast to the later measurements, where only one time constant occurred.
- -
- The slight increase in the polarisation resistance and the double layer capacitance over time also suggests that the layer formed on the alloy’s surface in the artificial sweat solution behaved as a kind of insulating barrier, but it was still permeable to ions from the solution.
- -
- The potentiodynamic polarisation measurement showed that, in both saliva solutions during the immersion time, a shift in the EOCP and Ecorr towards the cathodic direction was recorded, as well as an increase in the corrosion current density.
- -
- After 7 days, the corrosion potential in both solutions was not much different, but, in the acidic saliva solution, the corrosion current density was significantly higher (higher corrosion rate) than in the original artificial saliva solution.
- -
- Only one time constant appeared in the EIS measurements of both tested saliva solutions, independent of the immersion time.
- -
- The results obtained at different immersion times showed that the corrosion resistance of the tested alloy decreased as a function of time.
- -
- The results also showed that, in the acidic saliva solution (pH = 2.51), the corrosion rate of the studied alloy was higher, which was accompanied by a decrease in the impedance (Z), phase angle, and polarisation resistance, and an increase in the double layer capacitance over time when compared to the original saliva solution (pH = 4.81).
- -
- The SEM/EDX analysis results are in good agreement with the results obtained through the electrochemical measurements in the artificial sweat and the artificial saliva solutions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time | EOCP (mV) | Ecorr (mV) | jcorr (µA/cm2) |
---|---|---|---|
1 h | −333 ± 10 | −423 ± 5 | 9.42 ± 1.20 |
24 h | −307 ± 8 | −404 ± 7 | 35.2 ± 2.10 |
72 h | −289 ± 4 | −383 ± 4 | 17.4 ± 1.50 |
7 days | −230 ± 5 | −325 ± 5 | 16.6 ± 1.80 |
Time | Tafel reg. (mV) from Ecorr to | Mixed reg. (mV) from Tafel reg. to | Passive reg. (mV) from Mix. reg. to | jpass (µA/cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | −400 ± 25 | +100 ± 25 | 530 ± 10 | 0.14 ± 0.07 |
24 h | −360 ± 15 | +200 ± 10 | 670 ± 5 | 0.80 ± 0.18 |
72 h | −320 ± 20 | +200 ± 20 | 700 ± 6 | 0.40 ± 0.20 |
7 days | −200 ± 15 | +450 ± 15 | 670 ± 8 | 0.70 ± 0.16 |
Time | Rs (Ohm/cm2) | Rp (kOhm/cm2) | Cdl (mF/cm2) | n | Rf (kOhm/cm2) | Cf (µF/cm2) | χ2·10−3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 15 ± 1.0 | 5.80 ± 0.02 | 1.05 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.005 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.02 | 2.20 |
24 h | 5 ± 0.5 | 2.15 ± 0.03 | 3.67 ± 0.11 | 0.87 ± 0.001 | - | - | 1.15 |
72 h | 5 ± 0.5 | 4.53 ± 0.10 | 4.55 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.002 | - | - | 2.82 |
7 days | 5 ± 0.5 | 4.85 ± 0.08 | 4.45 ± 0.18 | 0.85 ± 0.002 | - | - | 1.87 |
pH = 4.81 | pH = 2.51 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | EOCP (mV) | Ecorr (mV) | jcorr (µA/cm2) | EOCP (mV) | Ecorr (mV) | jcorr (µA/cm2) |
1 h | −24 ± 5 | 96 ± 10 | 0.30 ± 0.15 | 20 ± 8 | 112 ± 10 | 0.26 ± 0.10 |
24 h | −50 ± 3 | 8 ± 5 | 0.15 ± 0.09 | −362 ± 10 | −361 ± 10 | 12.94 ± 1.85 |
72 h | −268 ± 7 | −247 ± 9 | 1.56 ± 0.50 | −367 ± 7 | −372 ± 7 | 14.09 ± 1.26 |
7 days | −339 ± 4 | −320 ± 4 | 1.95 ± 0.80 | −376 ± 9 | −388 ± 9 | 9.37 ± 0.98 |
pH = 4.81 | pH = 2.51 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Tafel reg. (mV) from Ecorr to | jpass (µA/cm2) | Tafel reg. (mV) from Ecorr to | jpass (µA/cm2) |
1 h | 230 ± 12 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 370 ± 20 | 9.0 ± 1.8 |
24 h | 280 ± 25 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | −270 ± 18 | 1100 ± 50 |
72 h | −100 ± 14 | 39 ± 7.0 | −270 ± 16 | 1400 ± 75 |
7 days | −220 ± 8 | 110 ± 2.0 | −240 ± 10 | 250 ± 10 |
pH = 4.81 | pH = 2.51 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Log Z | −phase | Log Z | −phase |
1 h | 5.2 | 72 | 4.7 | 63 |
24 h | 5.2 | 70 | 4.0 | 62 |
72 h | 4.2 | 64 | 3.1 | 48 |
7 days | 4.0 | 62 | 3.0 | 46 |
pH = 4.81 | pH = 2.51 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Rs (Ohm/cm2) | Rp (kOhm/cm2) | Cdl (mF/cm2) | n | χ2·10−3 | Rs (Ohm/cm2) | Rp (kOhm/cm2) | Cdl (mF/cm2) | n | χ2·103 |
1 h | 5 ± 1 | 280 ± 0.2 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.84 ± 0.002 | 5.2 | 5 ± 2 | 270 ± 0.4 | 1.10 ± 0.02 | 0.83 ± 0.001 | 1.1 |
24 h | 5 ± 1 | 120 ± 1.0 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.84 ± 0.001 | 2.5 | 80 ± 5 | 2.50 ± 0.1 | 1.24 ± 0.017 | 0.81 ± 0.001 | 4.3 |
72 h | 15 ± 0.2 | 10.25 ± 0.5 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.80 ± 0.003 | 1.8 | 80 ± 4 | 1.30 ± 0.08 | 2.37 ± 0.032 | 0.86 ± 0.001 | 5.9 |
7 days | 15 ± 0.2 | 16.00 ± 0.4 | 0.11 ± 0.008 | 0.80 ± 0.001 | 2.2 | 80 ± 5 | 1.20 ± 0.15 | 2.51 ± 0.022 | 0.81 ± 0.002 | 2.1 |
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Vastag, G.; Majerič, P.; Lazić, V.; Rudolf, R. Electrochemical Behaviour of an Au-Ge Alloy in an Artificial Saliva and Sweat Solution. Metals 2024, 14, 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060668
Vastag G, Majerič P, Lazić V, Rudolf R. Electrochemical Behaviour of an Au-Ge Alloy in an Artificial Saliva and Sweat Solution. Metals. 2024; 14(6):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060668
Chicago/Turabian StyleVastag, Gyöngyi, Peter Majerič, Vojkan Lazić, and Rebeka Rudolf. 2024. "Electrochemical Behaviour of an Au-Ge Alloy in an Artificial Saliva and Sweat Solution" Metals 14, no. 6: 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060668