Societies

17 pages, 506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Indigenous Community Radio as Two-Way Communications Infrastructure: Communal Engagement and Political Mobilization in Ecuador

by Andrés Tapia, Nicholas Simpson and Carolyn Smith-Morris

Societies 2024, 14(8), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080156 - 21 Aug 2024

Viewed by 586

Abstract

Because Indigenous peoples face unique challenges to their autonomy and lifeways from dominant media influences, Indigenous radio has been used to facilitate intra-community engagement among these groups. A small but long-standing literature reveals both strengths and vulnerabilities of Indigenous radio, though the rapidly [...] Read more.

Because Indigenous peoples face unique challenges to their autonomy and lifeways from dominant media influences, Indigenous radio has been used to facilitate intra-community engagement among these groups. A small but long-standing literature reveals both strengths and vulnerabilities of Indigenous radio, though the rapidly changing communications landscape suggests new possibilities for these media sources. Our research was a community–academic collaboration that employed exploratory and mixed (survey, interview, and observational) methods across two Indigenous communities in the Central and Southern Amazon of Ecuador. The Indigenous radio station, La Voz de la CONFENIAE (Confederación de las Nacionalidades Indígenas de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana), sought to perform an impact assessment that would measure both the character and extent of the impact of radio programming with sensitivity to the priorities of listeners as to the purpose, function, and appropriate impact metrics for an Indigenous radio station. A total of 92 surveys and 30 interviews across two communities were conducted in July and August of 2022. Our findings reveal (a) the informational function of this radio for the Indigenous communities in its listening reach; (b) that radio programming conveys family, community, and cultural knowledge bi-directionally both from and to its listening audience; and (c) that members of the audience were, in turn, prompted to action and engagement. In our discussion, we identify opportunities to improve the assessment of community-owned radio as a bidirectional resource for communities. Our work also advances a model of self-determined and stakeholder-driven evaluation for Indigenous community radio, with particular attention to the material (e.g., behavioral) impacts of radio messages and potential for radio to support communal and collective engagements desired by the communities it serves. Full article

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15 pages, 1020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Gendered Lens on Mediation and Market Governance: Experiences of Women Market Vendors in Papua New Guinea

by Wilma Langa, Jackie Kauli and Verena Thomas

Societies 2024, 14(8), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080155 - 18 Aug 2024

Viewed by 385

Abstract

The majority of market vendors at urban informal markets in Papua New Guinea are women. They face vulnerabilities related to safety, security and infrastructural support. They operate within male-dominated mediation structures where women’s contributions to mediation and market governance are often invisible. However, [...] Read more.

The majority of market vendors at urban informal markets in Papua New Guinea are women. They face vulnerabilities related to safety, security and infrastructural support. They operate within male-dominated mediation structures where women’s contributions to mediation and market governance are often invisible. However, in this article, we demonstrate how women market vendors contribute to the social aspect of market governance, particularly addressing issues of law and order within Awagasi market. Through the efforts of women vendors in mediation and conflict management, safety in the market and normal operation of the informal market have improved. The study involved 18 women market vendors, as well as male market vendors, at Awagasi market. It used focus group discussions, interviews and creative mapping to examine the different roles of women market vendors regarding mediation and market governance at Awagasi market. The study revealed the different roles women play and their social innovations in keeping peace and order in the market. Recognising women’s agency in conflict management can support the promotion and strengthening of safe market spaces in urban environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Innovation in Urban and Rural Areas: Empowerment, (Disruptive) Transformative Processes and Impact on Community Development)

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18 pages, 2629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tea Shops in Myanmar: Micro-Institutional Functions for Rural Migrants and Women

by Zaw Lin and Joseph J. Molnar

Societies 2024, 14(8), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080154 - 14 Aug 2024

Viewed by 424

Abstract

Lahpet-Ye-Hsain, commonly referred to as “tea shops” or teahouses, are versatile establishments that serve as both dining places and social gathering spots. These micro-institutions are fundamental to Myanmar society at the local level, playing a significant role in daily social interactions, economic [...] Read more.

Lahpet-Ye-Hsain, commonly referred to as “tea shops” or teahouses, are versatile establishments that serve as both dining places and social gathering spots. These micro-institutions are fundamental to Myanmar society at the local level, playing a significant role in daily social interactions, economic activities, and political discourse. Operated as private businesses and informal meeting spots, tea shops are primarily staffed by women who serve tea and food to a predominantly male clientele at various times of the day. The size of tea shops can vary, from small snack shops to larger establishments offering a wide range of menu options. In a typical small village tea shop, customers sit on footstools around small square tables, creating a space for sharing tea and food, and exchanging ideas, opinions, problems, hopes, and aspirations. Tea shops attract a diverse range of individuals, as they are known for their inclusive nature that welcomes people from all backgrounds and walks of life, although women are often on the periphery. Historically dominated by men, we suggest that empowering women’s involvement in tea shops could positively impact their agency in other aspects of life, especially during political change. These micro-institutions serve as the initial connection point for residents in the village or neighborhood, traditionally catering to men but now increasingly broadened to women, newcomers, and young individuals exploring new opportunities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)

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21 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Anti-Roma Racism in Italian Middle Schools

by Concetta Smedile and Antonia Ramírez-García

Societies 2024, 14(8), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080153 - 13 Aug 2024

Viewed by 737

Abstract

This study examines persistent racism, despite its formal denial, through an interdisciplinary approach that combines critical race theories, whiteness study and social psychology. It questions whether the analytical and empirical distinction between different forms of prejudice—despite their coexistence—can yield positive outcomes in the [...] Read more.

This study examines persistent racism, despite its formal denial, through an interdisciplinary approach that combines critical race theories, whiteness study and social psychology. It questions whether the analytical and empirical distinction between different forms of prejudice—despite their coexistence—can yield positive outcomes in the fight against racism. Considering the case of the Roma community in Italy, specifically within the universalistic approach of the Italian school system, the level of prejudice was measured in a sample of 305 middle school teachers. The main findings confirm the persistence of blatant prejudice concealed beneath a veneer of subtle racism and reveal that an educational institution’s rhetorical commitment to democracy may not substantially impact the behavior of democratic teachers when interacting with Roma individuals. The systemic inequalities ingrained within the education system are reminiscent of colonial times, where practices that once suppressed the potential of Africans are now used against Italian Roma citizens. This article finally suggests how teacher training might be improved to reduce racism, based on the different profiles of prejudicial attitudes detected among teachers. Full article

14 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patents and Public Health: State Responsibility to Opt for a Balanced Approach

by Saima Butt, Kamran Shaukat, Talha Mahboob Alam and Tony Jan

Societies 2024, 14(8), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080152 - 13 Aug 2024

Viewed by 505

Abstract

The topic of public health is indispensable to talk about. It is essential to discuss new inventions, new and improved treatments, and their efficiencies with different combinations, but one thing that is important to remember is whether these inventions are available for those [...] Read more.

The topic of public health is indispensable to talk about. It is essential to discuss new inventions, new and improved treatments, and their efficiencies with different combinations, but one thing that is important to remember is whether these inventions are available for those in need. Availability concerns are linked with affordability, as the affordability of a drug determines its consumption; furthermore, affordability can lead to overconsumption. The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement provides flexibility to control the misuse of patent monopolies. The object of this research is twofold: one is to investigate whether and how Pakistan incorporates TRIPS flexibilities in its national patent legislation, and the second is to find out the reason for unaffordable cancer treatment in Pakistan. This research highlights that the use of TRIPS flexibilities in Pakistan will help the state authorities to provide better health facilities to the public generally as well as particularly in cancer cases, as cancer treatment in Pakistan is unaffordable. The methodology applied for this research is primarily comparative and bears the qualitative aspect of the issue. This research concludes that Pakistan’s legal system fails to incorporate effective legal provisions related to TRIPS flexibilities, and it also highlights that the ever-greening of patents results in the high prices of cancer medicines in Pakistan. This research further recommended that there is a dire need to incorporate and use TRIPS flexibilities in the country to control the high prices of cancer treatment and cancer mortality rate in the country. Full article

19 pages, 1759 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Women’s Entrepreneurial Success in a Patriarchal Society: Empirical Evidence from Morocco

by Jaouad Rharzouz, Houda Bouarir, Badreddine El Moutaqi, Nabil Rizqi and Omar Boubker

Societies 2024, 14(8), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080151 - 12 Aug 2024

Viewed by 805

Abstract

The purpose of the current study is to identify factors associated with women’s entrepreneurial success. By embracing social feminism theory, this study provides a well-rounded analysis of the individual, social, institutional, and economic factors that shape successful women’s business development in a patriarchal [...] Read more.

The purpose of the current study is to identify factors associated with women’s entrepreneurial success. By embracing social feminism theory, this study provides a well-rounded analysis of the individual, social, institutional, and economic factors that shape successful women’s business development in a patriarchal society within a Muslim and Arab country. Following the conceptual model development, data were obtained from 212 Moroccan women business owners using a web-based questionnaire. The results, based on structural equation modeling, revealed the positive and direct influence of individual factors on women entrepreneurs’ success, including the need for achievement, and risk-taking. Additionally, external factors, particularly government support, social support, and access to finance, were found to be an important determinant of the entrepreneurial success of Moroccan women. This study enriches the existing knowledge on the determinants of the entrepreneurial success of women in developing countries. It offers offer useful managerial implications for policymakers who should implement appropriate actions to promote gender equality, as well as foster an environment conducive to enabling Moroccan women to launch and develop their own businesses. Full article

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25 pages, 10387 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aftermaths of COVID-19 Lockdown on Socioeconomic and Psychological Nexus of Urban Population: A Case in Hyderabad, Pakistan

by Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur, Shabir Hussain Khahro, Muhammad Saad Khan, Fahad Ahmed Shaikh and Yasir Javed

Societies 2024, 14(8), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080150 - 12 Aug 2024

Viewed by 631

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic started in the last week of December, 2019. An emergency was declared throughout the globe as the virus spread over 208 counties within a short amount of time. This pandemic had significant negative impacts on common men living in densely [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic started in the last week of December, 2019. An emergency was declared throughout the globe as the virus spread over 208 counties within a short amount of time. This pandemic had significant negative impacts on common men living in densely populated countries, including Pakistan. Hence, this research aimed to record people’s perception of the 7th largest settlement in Pakistan, namely Hyderabad. This study mainly focused on socioeconomic and psychological parameters. The close-ended questionnaire was designed concerning the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The DASS-21 is an optimal tool for recording the emotional values of depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 400 questionnaires were filled out; they used a 5-point Likert scale. Significant socioeconomic issues were noted, such as lower household income, economic recession, job cuts, inaccessible Internet services during online teaching or working from home, etc. The primary challenges in the lockdown situation were Internet access (4.06) and anxiety (4.86) in the female population. There were higher levels of depression (N = 200), anxiety (N = 341), and stress (N = 125) in the local inhabitants. Other notable problems were illuminated, such as restrictions on social gatherings, electricity load shedding, and lower incomes. This study concludes that the degree of psychological problems varied according to the typology of gender. Based on study findings, this study recommends the prompt execution of policies considering possible future pandemics to restrain anxiety and depression in the female population. The local government is also advised to revitalize infrastructure to provide uninterrupted power supplies and Internet facilities. The income-generating channels should be open for lower-income households concerning future lockdowns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family, Work, and Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Is the Legacy of the Pandemic and What Have We Learned about the Work–Family Nexus and Health?)

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5 pages, 161 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Aasan et al. The Relative Importance of Family, School, and Leisure Activities for the Mental Wellbeing of Adolescents: The Young-HUNT Study in Norway. Societies 2023, 13, 93

by Bodil Elisabeth Valstad Aasan, Monica Lillefjell, Steinar Krokstad, Mari Sylte and Erik Reidar Sund

Societies 2024, 14(8), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080149 - 12 Aug 2024

Viewed by 327

Abstract

In the original publication [...] Full article

18 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Capacity Building for Student Teachers in Learning, Teaching Artificial Intelligence for Quality of Education

by Zehra Altinay, Fahriye Altinay, Ramesh Chander Sharma, Gokmen Dagli, Rustam Shadiev, Betul Yikici and Mehmet Altinay

Societies 2024, 14(8), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080148 - 10 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 757

Abstract

The future of education relies on the integration of information technologies, emphasizing the importance of equity and inclusiveness for quality education. Teacher education programs are essential for fostering qualified educators for the future. Integrating AI in education is crucial to ensure inclusivity and [...] Read more.

The future of education relies on the integration of information technologies, emphasizing the importance of equity and inclusiveness for quality education. Teacher education programs are essential for fostering qualified educators for the future. Integrating AI in education is crucial to ensure inclusivity and comprehensive services for all. This study aims to evaluate student teachers’ perceptions of using AI in learning and teaching, and to provide suggestions for enhancing sustainable education through information technologies. A qualitative research design was adopted to gather perceptions and experiences from 240 student teachers who participated in a seminar on AI usage and completed self-reflection tasks. These student teachers, enrolled in various teaching methods and principal courses, contributed to the thematic analysis. The study reveals that AI should be carefully planned and incorporated into lesson plans to enhance personalized learning. Student teachers reported that AI supports and motivates the learning process, effectively transforming students’ needs and learning experiences. However, they also noted potential drawbacks, such as AI imposing restrictions on the teaching profession, replacing teachers, and producing biased results. The study suggests that capacity-building strategies for student teachers should be enriched across different courses to raise awareness about AI’s applications. Full article

17 pages, 1024 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Transition to Adulthood from the Perspective of Former Foster Youth: A Socio-Educational Approach

by Pedro Alemán Ramos, Paula Morales Almeida and Miriam Brito Sánchez

Societies 2024, 14(8), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080147 - 9 Aug 2024

Viewed by 511

Abstract

Background: The transition to adulthood is especially critical for young people who have been in the child protection system, as they face significant challenges in areas such as education, mental health, employment, and economics. Methods: This qualitative study examines the perceptions of 20 [...] Read more.

Background: The transition to adulthood is especially critical for young people who have been in the child protection system, as they face significant challenges in areas such as education, mental health, employment, and economics. Methods: This qualitative study examines the perceptions of 20 young adults from Spain who have exited the child protection system regarding their transition to adulthood. Structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using IRAMuTeQ software to identify thematic patterns. Results: The young adults reported inadequate preparation and a need for ongoing support, and they faced challenges in areas such as housing, employment, financial education, and mental health. They emphasized the importance of social and emotional support networks for successful adaptation. The results reveal a deficit in training programs and structural support, suggesting the need for a review of existing Spanish policies. Conclusions: Social educators play a crucial role in facilitating the transition to adulthood for young people who have been in protective systems in Spain, providing emotional support and resources to aid in their integration and autonomy. Effective coordination between institutional actors and Spanish society is vital to ensure a successful transition to adulthood. Full article

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17 pages, 2078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Between Fact and Fiction: Elizabeth II’s Funeral and Its Connection to The Crown on X (Twitter)

by Raquel Rodríguez-Díaz, Palmira Chavero and Naftalí Paula-Veloz

Societies 2024, 14(8), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080146 - 8 Aug 2024

Viewed by 570

Abstract

Television series enhance the social visibility of their content, as is the case with Queen Elizabeth II and The Crown. Netflix is the streaming television platform that has turned Peter Morgan’s successful series (2016) into a television icon where the monarch is the [...] Read more.

Television series enhance the social visibility of their content, as is the case with Queen Elizabeth II and The Crown. Netflix is the streaming television platform that has turned Peter Morgan’s successful series (2016) into a television icon where the monarch is the main protagonist, taking us on a biographical journey that mixes the historical and the political with fiction. The main character is made to seem more humane and is brought closer to the general public, all of which leads to a transmedia narrative. This research aims to analyze the content of the messages published on Twitter during the days surrounding the Queen’s State funeral in September 2022 and their connection with the series through the hashtag #TheCrown. The topics that have become trends worldwide are quantitatively analyzed, using different digital tools. The sample collected 1,489,279 tweets published during the days from the announcement of the death of Elizabeth II to the day of her funeral (from 8 to 19 September 2022). The results show nodes of connection between different players and linked communities to #TheCrown while offering the traffic generated by the hashtag with different nodes and edges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Democracy, Social Networks and Mediatization)

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27 pages, 1595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determining the Factors Influencing the Behavioral Intention of Job-Seeking Filipinos to Career Shift and Greener Pasture

by Prince Reuben C. Belida, Ardvin Kester S. Ong, Michael N. Young and Josephine D. German

Societies 2024, 14(8), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080145 - 8 Aug 2024

Viewed by 693

Abstract

The current diverse opportunities available worldwide have caused an increase in the pursuit of changing jobs in the Philippines for greener pastures, leading to a decrease in organization efficiency due to career shifts or intentions for shifting. With the evident movement of workers, [...] Read more.

The current diverse opportunities available worldwide have caused an increase in the pursuit of changing jobs in the Philippines for greener pastures, leading to a decrease in organization efficiency due to career shifts or intentions for shifting. With the evident movement of workers, this study aimed to establish a model for determining the factors that influence job-seeking Filipino workers to shift careers and seek greener pastures by holistically analyzing variables using the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm. A total of 210 valid responses among employees who shifted careers were collected through online surveys via social media platforms using purposive sampling. Partial least square structural equation modeling as the main multivariate tool was utilized to assess the hypothesized relationships. The findings of this study revealed that self-transcendence values in shaping personal norms and ascription to responsibility affected the intention to career shift or greener pasture-seeking behavior. In addition, subjective norms affected attitude, while organizational commitment negatively affected intention for greener pastures. It was seen that the factors that affect intention behavior the most among Filipinos were better opportunities, financial stability, workplace environment, and work–life balance—a notion that connects with the Protestant Work Ethics. It was evident that self-perception of a better career, growth, and overall profit merged to influence the intention of a career shift. It could be suggested that job rotation and job enhancement may reduce these intentions and lead to satisfaction among employees. Moreover, job roles may be reevaluated to identify (dis)satisfaction among employees, so the spearheading team may evaluate what actions are needed. Enhancement of skills and development through seminars and training may also be considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revitalizing Workplaces: The Intersection of Public Health and Sustainable Wellbeing in Organizations)

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32 pages, 401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosexual Health and Well-Being of Trans and Gender-Diverse Individuals in Portugal

by Mariana Henriques and Henrique Pereira

Societies 2024, 14(8), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080144 - 7 Aug 2024

Viewed by 468

Abstract

This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of trans and gender-diverse individuals (TGD) in Portugal regarding the implications on their psychological, social, and psychosexual health. A qualitative investigation was conducted using an electronic interview answered by 32 participants. The data were [...] Read more.

This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of trans and gender-diverse individuals (TGD) in Portugal regarding the implications on their psychological, social, and psychosexual health. A qualitative investigation was conducted using an electronic interview answered by 32 participants. The data were examined through a thematic analysis, and the following themes were identified: experiences with healthcare services, social interaction, discrimination experiences, mental health, social support systems, self-esteem, social identity, sex and sexual health, quality of life, and sociopolitical enhancement strategy proposals. The analysis of these themes provides information on the perceptions and experiences of the participants and suggests factors that impact the well-being and quality of life of the individuals in the current sample. Full article

13 pages, 1585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moral Faces: How Spontaneous Ideological Inferences from Facial Cues Influence Moral Judgments

by Ahreum Maeng

Societies 2024, 14(8), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080143 - 4 Aug 2024

Viewed by 612

Abstract

This research demonstrates that individuals make moral judgments based on ideological inferences from facial cues. Using racially homogeneous male faces, four studies showed that individuals infer ideological beliefs—and thus group membership (in- versus out-group)—from a novel face and that the fit between the [...] Read more.

This research demonstrates that individuals make moral judgments based on ideological inferences from facial cues. Using racially homogeneous male faces, four studies showed that individuals infer ideological beliefs—and thus group membership (in- versus out-group)—from a novel face and that the fit between the inferred social identity and the perceiver’s own social identity leads to judgments of moral superiority. Further evidence shows that a salient social identity moderates moral evaluation. These results reflect the automaticity of social categorization, which contributes to moral judgments of a person. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Issues in Social Cognition and Consumer Preferences)

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20 pages, 17928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Generated Graffiti Simulation for Building Façade and City Fabric

by Naai-Jung Shih

Societies 2024, 14(8), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080142 - 3 Aug 2024

Viewed by 484

Abstract

Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion [...] Read more.

Graffiti represents a multi-disciplinary social behavior. It is used to annotate urban landscapes under the assumption that building façades will constantly evolve and acquire modified skins. This study aimed to simulate the interaction between building façades and generative AI-based graffiti using Stable Diffusion^® (SD v 1.7.0). The context used for graffiti generation considered the graffiti as the third skin, the remodeled façade as the second skin, and the original façade as the first skin. Graffiti was created based on plain-text descriptions, representative images, renderings of scaled 3D prototype models, and characteristic façades obtained from various seed elaborations. It was then generated from either existing graffiti or the abovementioned context; overlaid upon a campus or city; and judged based on various criteria: style, area, altitude, orientation, distribution, and development. I found that rescaling and reinterpreting the context presented the most creative results: it allowed unexpected interactions between the urban fabric and the dynamics created to be foreseen by elaborating on the context and due to the divergent instrumentation used for the first, second, and third skins. With context awareness or homogeneous aggregation, graphic partitions can thus be merged into new topologically re-arranged polygons that enable a cross-gap creative layout. Almost all façades were found to be applicable. AI generation enhances awareness of the urban fabric and facilitates a review of both the human scale and buildings. AI-based virtual governance can use generative graffiti to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures in an urban context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

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18 pages, 1717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Importance of University Students’ Perception of Adoption and Training in Artificial Intelligence Tools

by José Carlos Vázquez-Parra, Carolina Henao-Rodríguez, Jenny Paola Lis-Gutiérrez and Sergio Palomino-Gámez

Societies 2024, 14(8), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080141 - 3 Aug 2024

Viewed by 976

Abstract

Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are becoming increasingly common in people’s lives. The educational field is one of the most reflective on the importance of its adoption. Universities have made great efforts to integrate these new technologies into their classrooms, considering that every [...] Read more.

Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are becoming increasingly common in people’s lives. The educational field is one of the most reflective on the importance of its adoption. Universities have made great efforts to integrate these new technologies into their classrooms, considering that every future professional will need AI skills and competencies. This article examines the importance of student perception and acceptance in adopting AI tools in higher education effectively. It highlights how students’ positive perceptions can significantly influence their motivation and commitment to learning. This research emphasizes that to integrate AI into university curricula successfully, it is essential to include its technologies in all areas of study and foster positivity among students regarding their use and training. This study’s methodology applied the validated instrument “Perception of Adoption and Training in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Profession” to a sample of Mexican students. This exploratory analysis highlights the need for educational institutions to understand and address student perceptions of AI to design educational strategies that incorporate technological advances, are pedagogically relevant, and align with the students’ aspirations and needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

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31 pages, 359 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Depiction of Rohingya Refugees in India’s Online News Platforms Following the Shift in the Indian Government’s Stance in 2017

by Yasmin Aldamen and Dilana Thasleem Abdul Jaleel

Societies 2024, 14(8), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080140 - 1 Aug 2024

Viewed by 684

Abstract

The media plays a crucial role in framing and representing humanitarian crises, significantly influencing public opinion. The representation of these crises in the media directly impacts the dissemination of information to the global public. One prominent international crisis is the plight of the [...] Read more.

The media plays a crucial role in framing and representing humanitarian crises, significantly influencing public opinion. The representation of these crises in the media directly impacts the dissemination of information to the global public. One prominent international crisis is the plight of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, which dates back to the 1970s. News about the Rohingya refugees has been a major humanitarian topic on the global stage. The findings of this study reveal that Rohingya refugees are predominantly represented negatively in popular media platforms in India. Negative framing, including dehumanization and misrepresentation, is often employed in political discourse and developments. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in Indian media frequently resorts to one-dimensional and stereotypical depictions. The frequent occurrence of dehumanization and misrepresentation, identifiable through the use of language and selective reporting practices, indicates a strong alignment of most Indian mainstream media with the government’s position. However, it is noteworthy that some platforms maintain a critical perspective. The portrayal of Rohingya refugees in India’s mainstream news outlet’s online platforms, such as Hindustan Times Online, NDTV Online, The Times of India Online, and India Today Online, reveals a complex landscape with varying narratives and governmental alignments. Full article

15 pages, 7922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing Urban Management Challenges for Sustainable Development: Analyzing the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on Crime Distribution in Chicago

by Omid Mansourihanis, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki, Shiva Sheikhfarshi, Fatemeh Mohseni and Ebrahim Seyedebrahimi

Societies 2024, 14(8), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080139 - 1 Aug 2024

Viewed by 667

Abstract

Urban crime prevention remains a critical challenge intertwined with socioeconomic disparities. This study investigates the spatial nexus between urban deprivation and crime decline in Chicago from 2015 to 2022, addressing the question: How do changes in neighborhood deprivation relate to crime reduction patterns? [...] Read more.

Urban crime prevention remains a critical challenge intertwined with socioeconomic disparities. This study investigates the spatial nexus between urban deprivation and crime decline in Chicago from 2015 to 2022, addressing the question: How do changes in neighborhood deprivation relate to crime reduction patterns? Using comprehensive crime incident and census tract Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data, this study conducted exploratory spatial analysis, regression modeling, and local bivariate relationship analysis. The findings reveal persistent hotspots of concentrated deprivation on Chicago’s south and west sides, alongside a general citywide crime decline. However, the current research uncovered significant spatial heterogeneity in both deprivation patterns and crime reduction, challenging the achievement of equitable public safety outcomes. Surprisingly, while crime incidents in 2015 and 2022 significantly predicted crime change, ADI scores were not statistically significant predictors in our regression model. Local bivariate analysis exposed diverse relationships between ADI changes and crime rate changes across neighborhoods, with 72.2% of census tracts showing no statistically significant relationship. This underscores the complexity of urban crime dynamics and the importance of local context in understanding these patterns. Our research contributes a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between urban deprivation and crime patterns, providing valuable insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and urban planners. These findings highlight the need for integrated, long-term strategies that address both crime prevention and socioeconomic disparities, ultimately fostering safer, more equitable urban environments and informing evidence-based interventions tailored to specific neighborhood contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Criminal Justice Involvement on the Health and Wellness of Individuals and Families)

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17 pages, 454 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Transforming the Balance of Power? Child First Collaboration: A Conceptual Analysis

by Kathy Hampson, Sean Creaney and Samantha Burns

Societies 2024, 14(8), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080138 - 1 Aug 2024

Viewed by 2025

Abstract

Collaboration is one of the major tenets of Child First justice and yet is proving problematic in its application across the sector, especially where children are compelled through court orders to engage with interventions, creating inevitable power imbalances. In order to facilitate children [...] Read more.

Collaboration is one of the major tenets of Child First justice and yet is proving problematic in its application across the sector, especially where children are compelled through court orders to engage with interventions, creating inevitable power imbalances. In order to facilitate children in genuinely influencing decision-making processes which concern them, their voice needs to be given its proper value. In this article we use the youth justice system of England and Wales to explore the meaning, value and presence of collaboration within youth justice whilst examining the power dynamics at play through the analytical lenses of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological approach and Bourdieu’s analytical tools. This lends itself to a novel conceptualisation of collaboration within the youth justice space, which is applicable to youth justice contexts internationally, distinguishing between different forms of the concept and examining how much opportunity for influence is actually given to children within their own youth justice journeys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Youth Justice: Social Policy, Social Work and Practice)

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16 pages, 1745 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyberbullying and Resilience: Lessons Learned from a Survey

by Juergen Stegmair and Victor Prybutok

Societies 2024, 14(8), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080137 - 30 Jul 2024

Viewed by 403

Abstract

Cyberbullying (CB) is a recurring, long-standing phenomenon that negatively affects people’s lives. Resilience is a personality trait that helps people to react to, cope with, and persist in the presence of obstacles such as cyberbullying. To determine variables and factors affecting coping with [...] Read more.

Cyberbullying (CB) is a recurring, long-standing phenomenon that negatively affects people’s lives. Resilience is a personality trait that helps people to react to, cope with, and persist in the presence of obstacles such as cyberbullying. To determine variables and factors affecting coping with cyberbullying incidents, an original research survey was administered to 1317 undergraduate students who attended a large public university in Texas (n = 1086). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four relevant factors: Self-Efficacy, Religiosity, Friend and Social Engagement, and Culture. These findings show that factors supporting resiliency are helpful in achieving a positive behavioral response. The discriminant analysis provided a model verification for the theoretical model for these factors and led to a 79.9% predictability of the function. Full article

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41 pages, 359 KiB

Open AccessReview

Occupational Health, Psychosocial Risks and Prevention Factors in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, and Other Populations: A Narrative Review

by António Oliveira, Henrique Pereira and Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho

Societies 2024, 14(8), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080136 - 26 Jul 2024

Viewed by 732

Abstract

Despite advances in legislation and social attitudes, workplace discrimination against sexual and gender minority populations remains prevalent, posing significant psychosocial risks. This study aims to explore the occupational health challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ populations, examining factors of discrimination, support, and prevention strategies. Methods: [...] Read more.

Despite advances in legislation and social attitudes, workplace discrimination against sexual and gender minority populations remains prevalent, posing significant psychosocial risks. This study aims to explore the occupational health challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ populations, examining factors of discrimination, support, and prevention strategies. Methods: A narrative review of articles from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was carried out, focusing on studies published between 2011 and 2024. Articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. Results: 359 studies were identified, and 11 articles were selected for analysis. The findings reveal pervasive discrimination experienced by LGBTQIA+ workers in the workplace, impacting their mental health and job satisfaction. Factors influencing disclosure of sexual or gender identity at work were identified, including workplace characteristics and anti-discrimination policies. Conclusions: Promoting inclusive and supportive work environments is crucial to the well-being of LGBTQIA+ employees. Recommendations include strengthening anti-discrimination protections, improving education and training on LGBTQIA+ issues, and promoting explicit communication about support and equality. Despite progress, more research is needed to address gaps in understanding and effectively promote the occupational health of sexual and gender minority populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revitalizing Workplaces: The Intersection of Public Health and Sustainable Wellbeing in Organizations)

20 pages, 2566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Current Evolution of International Political Economy: Exploring the New Theoretical Divide between New Globalization and Anti-Globalization

by Charis Michael Vlados

Societies 2024, 14(8), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080135 - 25 Jul 2024

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Abstract

This study explores the evolving theoretical divide within the field of International Political Economy (IPE), focusing on the debate between the advocates of new globalization and critics from the anti-globalization perspective. By conducting an integrative review of the contemporary literature, we explore the [...] Read more.

This study explores the evolving theoretical divide within the field of International Political Economy (IPE), focusing on the debate between the advocates of new globalization and critics from the anti-globalization perspective. By conducting an integrative review of the contemporary literature, we explore the foundational theories, core components, and primary theorists of both perspectives, aiming to understand their predictions for future global dynamics. The investigation reveals a polarization in theoretical orientation, reflecting divergent views on the implications of globalization. Through a critical analysis, the paper identifies the liberal international order and the respective contemporary neo-Marxist viewpoints as central to the debate, evaluating their critiques and contributions to understanding the new globalization’s trajectory. We suggest a synthesis of these perspectives, positing that the future of globalization—or “new globalization”—will be influenced by structural changes in global power dynamics, ongoing crises, and technological progress. This is encapsulated in the “evolutionary structural triptych” (EST) approach, which perceives the world economy as an evolutionary result of political, economic, and technological structures, which correspondingly reposition the objectives of stability, growth, and innovation in the new emerging era. In conclusion, we advocate for a balanced approach to globalization, emphasizing the need for policies that promote fairness, sustainability, and cooperation in the changing global environment. This leads to the re-introduction of an appealing concept for globalization’s future: a new, realistic, open, and innovative global liberalism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Globalization vs. Anti-Globalization: Current Challenges in International Political Economy)

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Approaches in International Political Economy (IPE) underpinning the new globalization vs. anti-globalization divide. Full article ">Figure 2
Contrasting approaches: new globalization versus anti-globalization. Full article ">Figure 3
Trends in US family wealth distribution (1989–2013): a stark rise in wealth inequality depicted, with the wealthiest 10% holding 76% of total wealth by 2013, compared to a mere 1% owned by the bottom half of families. (Source: Wikimedia Commons, under a Creative Commons license. <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Wealth_Inequality_-_v2.png" target="_blank">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Wealth_Inequality_-_v2.png</a>, accessed on 20 July 2024). Full article ">Figure 4
Overview of main structural poles of global dynamics. Full article ">Figure 5
Transitioning from Strohmer et al.’s [<a href="#B3-societies-14-00135" class="html-bibr">3</a>] framework to new globalization through the lens of the evolutionary structural triptych (EST) [<a href="#B1-societies-14-00135" class="html-bibr">1</a>]. Full article ">Figure 6
Detailed exploration of the EST framework. Full article ">

20 pages, 563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influential Factors Affecting the Intention to Utilize Advance Care Plans (ACPs) in Thailand and Indonesia

by Irianna Futri, Chavis Ketkaew and Phaninee Naruetharadhol

Societies 2024, 14(8), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080134 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 702

Abstract

Demographic shifts resulting from population aging are evident globally, including in Southeast Asia, Thailand, and Indonesia. The relevance of advance care plans is becoming increasingly apparent as the worldwide demographic transforms due to aging. This study sought to investigate the factors influencing the [...] Read more.

Demographic shifts resulting from population aging are evident globally, including in Southeast Asia, Thailand, and Indonesia. The relevance of advance care plans is becoming increasingly apparent as the worldwide demographic transforms due to aging. This study sought to investigate the factors influencing the use and implementation of advance care plans (ACPs) using the health belief model (HBM) and technology acceptance model (TAM). This study selected a sample of individuals aged 30–60 in Indonesia and Thailand based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study utilized the purposive random sampling method, integrating aspects of purposive and random selection. A total of 532 questionnaires were distributed via an online form, and 472 were obtained after data cleaning. Most respondents to this survey came from Indonesia, comprising 238 out of 472 respondents (50.4%), and from Thailand, comprising 49.5%; most respondents were women who were between 36 and 40 years old, and most reported graduating with a bachelor’s degree. A significant construct influences the use of advance care plans, i.e., perceived barriers. The perceived barrier (PBA) construct included data security, accessibility, and language barriers. In summary, overcoming existing barriers can indirectly increase the benefits of advance care plans. The results show that perceived usefulness (β = 0.189, p < 0.001), perceived ease of use (β = 0.150, p < 0.01), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.153, p < 0.01), perceived severity (β = 0.105, p < 0.05), and perceived benefits (β = 0.241, p < 0.001) all had significant positive effects on behavioral intention. In contrast, health motivation (β = 0.073, p = 0.100) and perceived barriers (β = 0.034, p = 0.134) did not show significant relationships with behavioral intention in Indonesia and Thailand, offering insights into both countries’ development strategies and the promotion of advance care plans with media as the technology. Full article

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15 pages, 3708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of a Digital Growth Mindset on Enhancing the Motivation and Performance of Chemistry Students: A Non-Cognitive Approach

by Muhammad Naeem Sarwar, Zahida Javed, Muhammad Shahid Farooq, Muhammad Faizan Nazar, Shahbaz Hassan Wasti, Intzar Hussain Butt, Ghulam Jillani Ansari, Rabia Basri, Sumaira Kulsoom and Zaka Ullah

Societies 2024, 14(8), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080133 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 595

Abstract

The current study investigates the effects of a digital growth mindset on the motivation and success of chemistry students. The approach involves the use of technological tools that encourage students to face challenges and keep trying even when things become difficult. Students can [...] Read more.

The current study investigates the effects of a digital growth mindset on the motivation and success of chemistry students. The approach involves the use of technological tools that encourage students to face challenges and keep trying even when things become difficult. Students can achieve milestones by following this fruitful methodology. This study utilized a mixed-method design of an ordered–explanatory type, as identified in one of the categories of mixed-method approaches. The quantitative aspects of the research project were conducted using a matching-only pre-test–post-test control-group design. This was conducted because the study was carried out on secondary school students in Lahore, Pakistan, and the population included students up to the tenth grade. Only the experimental group participated in digital growth mindset activities. The control group was taught using traditional methods. The qualitative aspect of the study involved conducting focus group discussions with students in the experimental group. The results showed a significant improvement in motivation and chemistry achievement among the students in the experimental group, as evidenced by the higher mean scores from the pre-tests and the post-tests compared to the control group. The present research findings reveal that digital growth mindset interventions, when appropriately incorporated into chemistry curricula, possess the capacity to not only improve student engagement and subsequent performance but also to provide educators with valuable insights into instructional practices that are worth implementing in the digital era. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Construction of a Knowledge Society: Developments in Information Technology and Educational Management)

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20 pages, 294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pet Ownership and Psychosocial Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Over: Results of a Large Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey

by Pauline Rebecca Hansen, Hans-Helmut König and André Hajek

Societies 2024, 14(8), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14080132 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 721

Abstract

Thus far, few cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors. As longitudinal studies on this topic are mostly lacking, this study aimed to analyze the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, [...] Read more.

Thus far, few cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors. As longitudinal studies on this topic are mostly lacking, this study aimed to analyze the association between pet ownership and psychosocial factors (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social isolation, and life satisfaction) using a longitudinal approach. The data used were taken from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (n = 12,438 observations). Two waves were used (year 2014 and year 2017). Validated multi-item scales were used to measure psychosocial factors. Linear fixed effects (FE) regressions were performed. In summary, only a few significant longitudinal associations were detected in regression analyses. No associations between general pet ownership and psychosocial factors were found. However, cat ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with increases in loneliness levels among the total sample and men. Cat ownership was also significantly longitudinally associated with increases in social isolation levels among men. Among women, dog ownership was significantly longitudinally associated with decreases in life satisfaction. This study reveals some associations between pet ownership and unfavorable psychosocial factors longitudinally. These associations were only significant for subgroups (cat vs. dog ownership and females vs. males). Full article

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Societies, Volume 14, Issue 8 (August 2024) – 25 articles

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