Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications
<p>LncRNAs and prognosis of BC patients. Here both up-regulated lncRNA in BC tissue (HOTAIR, TINCR, LIP1, MALAT1, and LINC000473) and circulating lncRNA in plasma (HOTAIR, H19, and GAS5) predict poor prognosis of BC patients. The red or white up arrows respectively refer to up-regulation of the relevant lncRNA in BC patients’ tissue or plasma.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>LncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC patients. Up-regulated expression of DANCR, NAMPT-AS, ATB, and HIF1A-AS2 predict poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Down-regulated expression of MIR503HG predicts poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Red up arrows refer to up-regulation of the relevant lncRNA. Blue down arrows refer to down-regulation of the relevant lncRNA.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. LncRNAs That Enhance Aggressiveness of BC Cells
2.1. LncRNAs That Promote Invasion and Migration of BC Cells
2.1.1. DANCR
2.1.2. H19
2.1.3. HOTAIR
2.1.4. LINC00152
2.1.5. LINC00461
2.1.6. NEAT1
2.1.7. LINC01857
2.2. LncRNAs That Promote Distant Metastasis of BC Cells
2.2.1. H19
2.2.2. HOTAIR
2.2.3. HIF1A-AS2
2.2.4. RP1
2.2.5. MALAT1
3. LncRNAs That Attenuate Aggressiveness of BC Cells
3.1. LncRNAs That Inhibit Invasion and Migration of BC Cells
3.1.1. GAS5
3.1.2. MT1JP
3.1.3. NEF
3.1.4. NKILA
3.1.5. LET
3.1.6. TFAP2A-AS1
3.1.7. LncKLHDC7B
3.2. LncRNAs That Inhibit Distant Metastasis of BC Cells
3.2.1. MALAT1
3.2.2. MEG3
3.2.3. NLIPMT
3.2.4. XIST
4. The Regulation of LncRNAs in the Stemness of BC Cells
5. The Regulation of LncRNAs in the Angiogenesis in BC
6. The Regulation of LncRNAs in Chemotherapy Resistance in BC
7. LncRNAs That Function as Prognostic Biomarkers for BC Patients
7.1. LncRNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers for BC Patients
7.2. LncRNAs as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of TNBC Patients
8. Discussion
- LncRNAs participate in regulating the aggressiveness of BC cells (such as HOTAIR, H19, DANCR, RP1, GAS5, LNC00152, NEF, and NKILA).
- LncRNAs can regulate the stemness properties of BC cells (such as HOTAIR, H19, ES1, TUNAR, lncRNA-Hh, XIST, and FEZF1-AS1).
- LncRNAs can regulate angiogenesis of BC (such as MALAT1, MEG3, and LINC00968).
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Function | LncRNA | Ensembl ID | Subcellular Localization | Signaling Axis and Pathway | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Promote | invasion and migration of BC cells | DANCR | ENSG00000226950 | Cytoplasm | DANCR/EZH2/ABCG2 | [27] |
DANCR/miRNA-216a-5p | [30] | |||||
H19 | ENSG00000130600 | Cytoplasm | H19/miR-152/DNMT | [36] | ||
HOTAIR | ENSG00000228630 | Cytoplasm and nucleus | HOTAIR/P53/AKT/JNK/MMPs | [44] | ||
HOTAIR/AKT/mTOR | [45] | |||||
HOTAIR/miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 | [46] | |||||
LINC00152 | ENSG00000222041 | Cytoplasm | LINC00152/BRCA1/PTEN | [48] | ||
LINC00461 | ENSG00000245526 | Nucleus | LINC00461/miR-30a-5p/integrin β3 | [53] | ||
NEAT1 | ENSG00000245532 | Nucleus | NEAT1/miR-448/ZEB1 | [58] | ||
LINC01857 | ENSG00000224137 | Nucleus | LINC01857/CREBBP/H3K27Ac and CREB1 | [60] | ||
distant metastasis of BC cells | H19 | ENSG00000130600 | Cytoplasm | H19/let-7b/CYTH3/ARF | [63] | |
HOTAIR | ENSG00000228630 | Cytoplasm and nucleus | TGF-β1/CDK5/HOTAIR/H3K27 | [69] | ||
HIF1A-AS2 | ENSG00000258667 | Cytoplasm | unclear | [180] | ||
RP1 | ENST00000420172 | Cytoplasm | KLF5/RP1/p27kip1 | [76] | ||
MALAT1 | ENSG00000251562 | Nucleus | MALAT1/miR-1/slug | [80] | ||
MALAT1/miR-129-5p | [85] | |||||
stemness of BC cells | TUNAR | ENSG00000250366 | Cytoplasm | TUNAR/SOX2 | [134] | |
LINC00511 | ENSG00000227036 | Cytoplasm | LINC00511/miR-185-3p/E2F1/Nanog | [139] | ||
lncRNA-Hh | lncRNA-Hh/GAS1/SOX2/OCT4 | [136] | ||||
FEZF1-AS1 | ENSG00000230316 | Nucleus | FEZF1-AS1/miR-30a/Nanog | [138] | ||
FGF13-AS1 | ENSG00000226031 | Nucleus | FGF13-AS1/IGF2BPs/Myc | [140] | ||
ES1 | ENSG00000226673 | Nucleus | ES1/Oct4/Sox2/miR-302 | [135] | ||
RP1 | ENST00000420172 | Cytoplasm | RP1/p-4E-BP1/eIF4E/p27kip1/Snail1 | [76] | ||
H19 | ENSG00000130600 | Cytoplasm | H19/let-7/HIF-1/PDK1 | [143] | ||
HOTAIR | ENSG00000228630 | Cytoplasm and nucleus | HOTAIR/miR-34a/SOX2 | [137] | ||
BC angiogenesis | MALAT1 | ENSG00000251562 | Nucleus | MALAT1/miR-145/VEGF | [148] | |
Inhibit | invasion and migration of BC cells | GAS5 | ENSG00000234741 | Cytoplasm and nucleus | GAS5/miR-21/RISC | [88] |
GAS5/miR-196a-5p/FOXO1/PI3K/AKT | [89] | |||||
MT1JP | ENSG00000255986 | Cytoplasm | MT1JP/miR-24-3p/Wnt/β-catenin | [161] | ||
NKILA | ENSG00000278709 | Cytoplasm | NKILA/NF-ĸB/MMPs | [100] | ||
NEF | NEF/miRNA-155 | [97] | ||||
LET | unclear | [101] | ||||
TFAP2A-AS1 | TFAP2A-AS1/miR-933/SMAD2 | [102] | ||||
LncKLHDC7B | unclear | [103] | ||||
distant metastasis of BC cells | MALAT1 | ENSG00000251562 | Nucleus | PTEN/microRNA/MALAT1 | [109] | |
MALAT1/YAP-TEAD | [107] | |||||
MEG3 | ENSG00000214548 | Nucleus | miR-506/SP3/SP1/DNMT1/MEG3 | [111] | ||
NLIPMT | Cytoplasm | NLIPMT/GSK3β and EMT proteins | [115] | |||
XIST | ENSG00000229807 | Nucleus | XIST/MSN/c-Met | [125] | ||
XIST/miR-155/CDX1 | [123] | |||||
stemness of BC cells | XIST | ENSG00000229807 | Nucleus | XIST/MSN/EMT proteins | [125] | |
BC angiogenesis | MEG3 | ENSG00000214548 | Nucleus | MEG3/AKT signaling | [150] |
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Huang, Q.-Y.; Liu, G.-F.; Qian, X.-L.; Tang, L.-B.; Huang, Q.-Y.; Xiong, L.-X. Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications. Cancers 2019, 11, 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111802
Huang Q-Y, Liu G-F, Qian X-L, Tang L-B, Huang Q-Y, Xiong L-X. Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111802
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Qi-Yuan, Guo-Feng Liu, Xian-Ling Qian, Li-Bo Tang, Qing-Yun Huang, and Li-Xia Xiong. 2019. "Long Non-Coding RNA: Dual Effects on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Clinical Applications" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111802