Recovery Effects of Oral Administration of Glucosylceramide and Beet Extract on Skin Barrier Destruction by UVB in Hairless Mice
<p>Body weight changes in UVB-irradiated mice after oral administration of beet GlcCer or beet extract. Symbols and bars represent means and standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 6 from day −7 to day 3, and <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3 from day 4 to day 7), respectively. Symbols: Closed circles, Normal group (without UVB irradiation, vehicle administration); Open circles, Control group (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> UVB, vehicle administration); closed triangles, beet GlcCer group (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> UVB, beet GlcCer oral administration); closed squares, beet extract group (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> UVB, beet extract oral administration).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and thickness of epidermis in mouse skin. (<b>A</b>) Normal (without UVB irradiation, vehicle administration); (<b>B</b>) Control (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> UVB irradiation, vehicle administration); (<b>C</b>) Beet GlcCer (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> UVB irradiation, beet GlcCer oral administration); (<b>D</b>) Beet extract (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> UVB irradiation, beet extract oral administration); and (<b>E</b>) Epidermal thickness in UVB irradiated mice (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3). Scale bar indicates 50 μm. ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. normal group, †† <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. control group, Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Ceramide contents in stratum corneum in UVB-irradiated (200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) mice after oral administration of beet GlcCer or beet extract. Ceramide NS (<b>A</b>); NP (<b>B</b>); AS (<b>C</b>) and AP (<b>D</b>); respectively. Values are given as means and standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. control group, Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Effects of oral administration of beet GlcCer or beet extract on TEWL and stratum corneum after UVB irradiation. (<b>A</b>) Transepidermal water loss (TEWL); (<b>B</b>) water contents in stratum corneum. Values are shown as means ± standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 6 at day 0 and 3, <span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3 at day 6). * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. normal group, † <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. control group, †† <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. control group, ‡ <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. beet GlcCer group, Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Animals
2.3. Test Sample and Schedule
2.4. Measurement of Water Contents of Stratum Corneum, and TEWL
2.5. Collection of Mouse Stratum Corneum
2.6. Extraction Method and Lipid Analysis by HPTLC
2.7. Measurement of Stratum Corneum Mass
2.8. Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining
2.9. Measurement of Epidermis Thickness
2.10. Data and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight Change after Oral Administration of Beet GlcCer or Beet Extract in UVB-Irradiated Mice
3.2. Epidermal Hyperplasia Following UVB Irradiation
3.3. Comparison of Ceramide Contents in Stratum Corneum among Mouse Groups
3.4. TEWL and Water Contents in Stratum Corneum
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | UVB Irradiation (mJ/cm2) | Composition of Test Sample (mg/Mouse/Day) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
GlcCer | Beet Ethanol Extract | Processed Starch | ||
Normal | None | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Control | 200 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Beet GlcCer | 200 | 0.3 | 0 | 22 |
Beet Extract | 200 | (0.3) 1 | 8.0 | 22 |
Events/Day | −7 d | −6 d | −5 d | −4 d | −3 d | −2 d | −1 d | 0 d | 1 d | 2 d | 3 d | 4 d | 5 d | 6 d | 7 d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample administration | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | |
UV irradiation | ◯ | ||||||||||||||
Body weight | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | |||
Water content, TEWL | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||||||||||
Ceramide content | ◯ | ||||||||||||||
HE staining | ◯ |
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Tokudome, Y.; Masutani, N.; Uchino, S.; Fukai, H. Recovery Effects of Oral Administration of Glucosylceramide and Beet Extract on Skin Barrier Destruction by UVB in Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111178
Tokudome Y, Masutani N, Uchino S, Fukai H. Recovery Effects of Oral Administration of Glucosylceramide and Beet Extract on Skin Barrier Destruction by UVB in Hairless Mice. Nutrients. 2017; 9(11):1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111178
Chicago/Turabian StyleTokudome, Yoshihiro, Noriomi Masutani, Shohei Uchino, and Hisano Fukai. 2017. "Recovery Effects of Oral Administration of Glucosylceramide and Beet Extract on Skin Barrier Destruction by UVB in Hairless Mice" Nutrients 9, no. 11: 1178. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111178