Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 Enhanced the Expression of Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion Transporter in Mice
<p>The effects of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on plasma (<b>a</b>), urine (<b>b</b>), and feces (<b>c</b>) uric acid levels Data are the means ± SE, n = 8, Significant difference * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. Control for Tukey–Kramer. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Liver XOD activity. Effect of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on xanthine oxidase activity in the liver Data are the means ± SE, n = 8, Significant difference * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. Control for Tukey–Kramer. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Intestinal uric acid excretion transporter expression level. Effect of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on uric acid excretion transporter expression levels in the intestine ABCG2 and PDZK1 transporter expression in the small intestine (<b>A</b>). ABCG2 and PDZK1 transporter expression in the large intestine (<b>B</b>). Data are the means ± SE, n = 8, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. PO for the Tukey–Kramer test. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Uric acid excretion transporter expression level in kidney. Effect of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on uric acid excretion transporter expression levels in the kidney Expression levels of ABCG2, URAT1 and OAT1 transporters in kidneys. Data are the means ± SE, n = 8. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Fecal excretion of protein-derived gut microbiota metabolites. Effect of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on the fecal excretion of protein-derived gut microbiota metabolites. Data are the means ± SE, n = 8, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. PO for the Tukey–Kramer test. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Short-chain fatty acids. Effect of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal excretion (<b>A</b>) and cecal content (<b>B</b>). Data are the means ± SE, n = 8, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. PO for the Tukey–Kramer test. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 6 Cont.
<p>Short-chain fatty acids. Effect of <span class="html-italic">Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</span> 06CC2 on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal excretion (<b>A</b>) and cecal content (<b>B</b>). Data are the means ± SE, n = 8, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. PO for the Tukey–Kramer test. Con: control diet, PO: potassium oxonate diet, PO + LP: potassium oxonate, 0.1% LP06CC2 diet, PO + L-LP: potassium oxonate, and 0.02% (low) LP06CC2 diet, SE: standard error.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Correlation between fecal uric acid levels and fecal indoxyl sulphate. Graph of the correlation coefficients between fecal uric acid and fecal indoxyl sulfate levels using Statcel 4. R<sup>2</sup>: coefficient of determination; R*<sup>2</sup>: degrees of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination; <span class="html-italic">p</span>: <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value, UA: uric acid, IS: indoxyl sulfate.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of LP06CC2
2.3. Animal Experiments
2.4. Western Blot Analysis
2.5. Measurement of UA
2.5.1. UA Extraction from Feces
2.5.2. Sample Preparation
2.5.3. Measurement
2.6. Measurement of XOD Activity
2.7. Measurement of Protein-Derived Gut Microbiota Metabolites in the Feces
2.8. Measurement of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Cecal Contents and Feces
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Parameters and Tissue Weights
3.2. UA and Liver XOD Activity
3.3. Intestinal UA Excretion Transporter Expression Level
3.4. UA Excretion Transporter Expression Level in Kidney
3.5. Fecal Excretion of Protein-Derived Gut Microbiota Metabolites
3.6. Fecal and Cecal SCFAs Content
3.7. Correlation between Fecal UA Levels and Fecal Indoxyl Sulphate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients (g) | Con | PO | PO + L-LP | PO + LP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Casein | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Corn starch | 397.5 | 362.5 | 362.3 | 361.5 |
α-Corn starch | 132 | 132 | 132 | 132 |
Sucrose | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Soybean oil | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 |
Cellulose | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Choline bitartrate | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
L-cystine | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Mineral mix | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
Vitamin mix | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
tert-Butylhydroquinone | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
RNA from yeast | 0 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Potassium oxonate | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
LP06CC2 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1 |
Total | 1000.014 | 1000.014 | 1000.014 | 1000.014 |
Con | PO | PO + L-LP | PO + LP | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Final body weight (g) | 24.1 ± 0.39 | 23.5 ± 0.25 | 23.3 ± 0.56 | 23.2 ± 0.45 |
Food intake (g/day) | 3.11 ± 0.09 | 3.20 ± 0.11 | 3.40 ± 0.17 | 3.01 ± 0.07 |
Urine volume (mL/day) | 1.01 ± 0.06 | 1.17 ± 0.11 | 0.81 ± 0.11 | 0.91 ± 0.05 |
(mg/g Body Weight) | Con | PO | PO + L-LP | PO + LP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liver | 47.2 ± 0.8 | 47.5 ± 0.9 | 46.9 ± 1.2 | 46.3 ± 0.6 |
Epididymal fat | 14.0 ± 0.8 | 11.9 ± 0.8 | 11.9 ± 1.7 | 13.0 ± 0.9 |
Small intestine | 19.8 ± 1.2 | 29.6 ± 1.3 | 29.1 ± 1.5 | 24.7 ± 1.9 |
Large intestine | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 6.3 ± 0.3 |
Kidney | 18.0 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.5 | 18.0 ± 0.6 | 17.2 ± 0.2 |
Perinephric fat | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.3 |
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Nei, S.; Matsusaki, T.; Kawakubo, H.; Ogawa, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Tsend-Ayush, C.; Nakano, T.; Takeshita, M.; Shinyama, T.; Yamasaki, M. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 Enhanced the Expression of Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion Transporter in Mice. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3042. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173042
Nei S, Matsusaki T, Kawakubo H, Ogawa K, Nishiyama K, Tsend-Ayush C, Nakano T, Takeshita M, Shinyama T, Yamasaki M. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 Enhanced the Expression of Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion Transporter in Mice. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):3042. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173042
Chicago/Turabian StyleNei, Shunsuke, Tatsuya Matsusaki, Hibiki Kawakubo, Kenjirou Ogawa, Kazuo Nishiyama, Chuluunbat Tsend-Ayush, Tomoki Nakano, Masahiko Takeshita, Takuo Shinyama, and Masao Yamasaki. 2024. "Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 06CC2 Enhanced the Expression of Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion Transporter in Mice" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 3042. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16173042