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Sustainability, Volume 16, Issue 16 (August-2 2024) – 533 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Disaster-specific resilience and adaptation were investigated amongst individuals from the Noosa Shire following a bushfire event. The following study provides valuable insights into community resilience, particularly with respect to demographic differences, by employing the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale (DARS). Our results showed that older residents and homeowners had significantly higher resilience. Unexpectedly, prior experience with natural disasters had no identifiable resilience benefit. Our research accomplished the important task of establishing baseline measurements that can inform future efforts for devising interventions aimed at building resilience in the community and improving disaster preparedness. View this paper
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20 pages, 2960 KiB  
Review
Opportunities and Challenges in the Implementation of Modular Construction Methods for Urban Revitalization
by Cansu Coskun, Jinwoong Lee, Jinwu Xiao, Geoffrey Graff, Kyubyung Kang and Deniz Besiktepe
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7242; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167242 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 639
Abstract
The urban landscape is undergoing significant transformations due to economic shifts, urban planning initiatives, technological advancements, and sociopolitical changes. Almost 89% of the U.S. population is projected to reside in urban areas by 2050, which increases a pressing need for innovative and efficient [...] Read more.
The urban landscape is undergoing significant transformations due to economic shifts, urban planning initiatives, technological advancements, and sociopolitical changes. Almost 89% of the U.S. population is projected to reside in urban areas by 2050, which increases a pressing need for innovative and efficient urban revitalization strategies. Modular construction is an extensively researched topic with potential promise for addressing these challenges; however, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of its specific opportunities and challenges within the context of urban revitalization. This paper explores the potential of modular construction methods as a viable solution in densely populated areas with limited space and competing land uses. This study employs a systematic literature review using PRISMA and mixed methods analysis with NVivo to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing modular construction in urban settings. The findings highlight the advantages of modular construction, including reduced construction time, enhanced quality control, and improved sustainability. However, challenges such as land scarcity, restrictive zoning laws, and the need for innovative planning and collaboration among stakeholders are also emphasized. This paper provides valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and developers to effectively leverage modular construction methods for sustainable and efficient urban renewal efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy and Modular Construction for a Sustainable Built Environment)
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<p>Research design.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>PRISMA: final criteria.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Word cloud of opportunities (<b>left</b>) and challenges (<b>right</b>). The size of each word in the cloud represents its frequency of occurrence, with larger words indicating higher word counts.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Top 20 keywords in the opportunities category.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Top 20 keywords in the challenges category.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 2310 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Implications of Organic Nutrient Management Protocols on Soil Properties, Economic Sustainability, and Yield Optimization in Fenugreek Cultivation in Acidic Soils of Northeast India
by Chongtham Tania, Ingudam Bhupenchandra, Chingakham Premabati Devi, Amit Phonglosa, Chongtham Sonia, Mangsatabam Norjit Singh, Phuritsabam Chandramani, Yumnam Prabhabati Devi, Hidangmayum Lembisana Devi, Madhumita Dasgupta, Elizabeth Devi Wahengbam, Mayengbam Premi Devi, Bibhuti Bhusan Sahoo and Manas Ranjan Sahoo
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7241; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167241 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 492
Abstract
Utilizing yield, profitability, and environmental sustainability in terms of soil quality as the goal variables, we created a methodological protocol for a thorough assessment of nutrient management (NM) technologies for feasibility and optimized fenugreek production employing organic sources of nutrients in the acid [...] Read more.
Utilizing yield, profitability, and environmental sustainability in terms of soil quality as the goal variables, we created a methodological protocol for a thorough assessment of nutrient management (NM) technologies for feasibility and optimized fenugreek production employing organic sources of nutrients in the acid soil of Northeast India. Five organic nutrient management technologies were tried and tested comprising T1: absolute control; T2: 2.5 t ha−1 vermicompost (VC) + 250 kg ha−1 lime; T3: 5 t ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM) + 250 kg ha−1 lime; T4: 10 t ha−1 FYM + 250 kg ha−1 lime; and T5: 5 t ha−1 VC + 250 kg ha−1 lime with four replications laid out in a randomized block design for two consecutive growing seasons during 2018–2020. Results indicated that across the differential levels of organic amendments (treatments) employed, the addition of maximum doses of VC and FYM, in general, excelled over the other treatments concerning fenugreek seed yield, its yield attributes, soil properties, and better economic returns. Thus, the overall findings elucidated that the addition of higher doses of organic amendments (VC and FYM) can sustainably improve fenugreek productivity, soil properties, and economic returns for fenugreek growers in the acid soil of Northeast India. Full article
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<p>Effect of organic nutrient management technologies on quality parameters in fenugreek.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) matrix between the diverse yield attributes and soil properties under fenugreek. Note: PH = plant height, DFF = days to first flowering, NPB = No. of primary branches, NSB = No. of secondary branches, NPP = No. of pods/plant, DM = days to maturity, NSP = No. of seeds/pod, SYP = seed yield/plot (g), Av. = available, Ex. = exchangeable. * and ** are the level of significance at <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05 and <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, respectively.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Two-dimensional graphical biplot depicting the loadings and score plot formed by PC1 and PC2 of diverse yield attributes and soil properties under fenugreek. Percentage values on PC1 and PC2 indicate the respective variance explained by the first two PCA axes.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
Exploring Sustainable Investments: How They Drive Firm Performance in Indian Private and Publicly Listed Companies
by Mohd Yousuf Javed, Mohammad Hasan, Mohd Aqil, Mohd Ziaur Rehman and S. A. Atif Salar
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7240; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167240 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 626
Abstract
This research aims to present a holistic view of sustainable investments on firm performance by exploring the dimensions of sustainable investments and firm performance concerning Indian private and publicly listed companies. Panel data regression has been used to explore the relationship between sustainable [...] Read more.
This research aims to present a holistic view of sustainable investments on firm performance by exploring the dimensions of sustainable investments and firm performance concerning Indian private and publicly listed companies. Panel data regression has been used to explore the relationship between sustainable investment and firm performance. The data of 75 BSE-listed companies has been extracted from Prowess IQ from 2012–2022.Two panels based on different ownership structures were created to observe the impact of sustainable investment and firm performance. The findings of this study indicate that sustainable investments positively impact firm performance in private ownership but negatively impact the firm’s performance in public ownership. The study provides an extensive and holistic view of sustainable investments in Indian companies listed in the BSE, which can be helpful for researchers, professionals, and policymakers in the field. The findings of this research contribute to the solutions to socio-economic challenges and support sustainable development goals through sustainable investments. This research is one of the first attempts to provide a holistic view of sustainable investments by including various aspects of sustainability and firm performance in Indian listed companies and ownership. Full article
20 pages, 1471 KiB  
Article
Methodology for Quantification of Technological Processes in Passenger Railway Transport Using Alternatively Powered Vehicles
by Martin Kendra, Daniel Pribula and Tomáš Skrúcaný
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7239; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167239 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 409
Abstract
Due to the reduction in diesel propulsion on railway networks across the world, it is essential to consider the introduction of an alternative propulsion where electrification would not be feasible. The introduction of alternative propulsions may influence the technological processes of train processing [...] Read more.
Due to the reduction in diesel propulsion on railway networks across the world, it is essential to consider the introduction of an alternative propulsion where electrification would not be feasible. The introduction of alternative propulsions may influence the technological processes of train processing and interrupt its quantification methodology, due to their specific operational requirements. The problem of the quantification of technological processes of train processing is not sufficiently solved even in the field of conventional propulsions; therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a unique methodological procedure for the quantification of selected processes of train processing operated by multiple units with a conventional or alternative propulsion. The new process quantification methodology enables the duration determination of a specific process, which can be simply determined for multiple units of different length and propulsion under local conditions. The duration determination is based on the final formula or its graphical representation. The function is based on data obtained by analysing the evaluated workflow of a model and multiple units using the PERT network analysis method. The proposed methodological procedure is verified by different types of propulsions through a case study using real values. The application of the methodology can prevent the risks related to non-compliance of the required technological times and at the same time increase the sustainability of the operation stability of railway passenger transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transport Research and Railway Network Performance)
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<p>Example of network graph and vertices; (<b>a</b>) an example of network graph; (<b>b</b>) vertices of network graph. Source: Authors.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Example of network PERT graph for FCMU turnaround. Source: Authors.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The curve of turnaround train duration. Source: Authors.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The curve of the starting train duration. Source: Authors.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>The curve of the ending train duration. Source: Authors.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 641 KiB  
Review
Impact of Extracurricular Physical Activity on Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and Academic Performance: Mediating Cognitive, Psychological, and Social Factors
by Jorge Zarazaga-Peláez, Valentina Barrachina, Alejandra Gutiérrez-Logroño, Oscar Villanueva-Guerrero, Alberto Roso-Moliner and Elena Mainer-Pardos
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7238; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167238 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Physical activity has been recognized as an essential element for the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Therefore, this systematic review delves into the study of the relationship between extracurricular physical activity (PA) academic achievement (AA), and its alignment with the Sustainable [...] Read more.
Physical activity has been recognized as an essential element for the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Therefore, this systematic review delves into the study of the relationship between extracurricular physical activity (PA) academic achievement (AA), and its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among students aged 3–16 years. This systematic review was guided by adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The review included studies that evaluated PA as an independent variable and its impact on academic performance (AP) through mediation models, structural equations, and multiple regression analyses. The key mediators identified between PA and AA include cognitive function, psychological well-being, and social factors. Cognitive self-regulation, attention, memory, self-efficacy, and self-esteem are key mediators between PA and AA as well as sleep patterns and a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, extracurricular PA significantly influenced AA, and its influence was mediated by various cognitive, psychological, and social factors. These results support the inclusion and promotion of PA in educational settings, which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals by improving AA and overall student well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Educating for Environmental, Social and Economic Health: The Role of Education for Sustainable Development)
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<p>PRISMA flow chart for study inclusion and exclusion.</p> Full article ">
23 pages, 3774 KiB  
Article
Implementing Ireland’s Food Vision 2030 within the Fresh Produce Sector: An Investigation of the Barriers and Enablers Using Systems Thinking Principles
by Denis Kenny, Maria Dermiki and Fiona Britton
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7237; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167237 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 455
Abstract
The Irish Food Vision 2030 (IFV 2030) seeks to restructure Ireland’s agricultural food system to deliver long-term social, economic, and environmental sustainability in keeping with its commitment to the European Green Deal and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This study investigates the effectiveness [...] Read more.
The Irish Food Vision 2030 (IFV 2030) seeks to restructure Ireland’s agricultural food system to deliver long-term social, economic, and environmental sustainability in keeping with its commitment to the European Green Deal and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This study investigates the effectiveness of the IFV 2030 in delivering on this commitment across the fresh produce supply chain in Ireland using a combination of data collected from stakeholders through a survey and systems thinking principles. A review of the literature and Foucault’s genealogical methods guided the development of the survey. Systems thinking principles were used to review the IFV 2030 and assess its capacity to deliver large-scale change for a sustainable Irish food system. Barriers to change were identified, including historical patterns of behaviour between EU and Irish policymakers that have repeatedly hindered progress towards large-scale change events. The results demonstrate that successful, long-term change will depend on the involvement and incentives of stakeholders within the supply chain. Continuous stakeholder engagement is required through a bottom-up organisational and supply chain approach to deliver long-term sustainability within the fresh produce sector. Using a systems thinking lens brings benefits through transdisciplinary collaboration and fosters the multiple stakeholder perspectives needed to deliver new ideas and solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achievements in the Agri-Food Supply Chain Leading to Sustainable Foods IV)
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<p>The three pillars of sustainability for the fresh produce sector.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Respondents’ opinion regarding the impact of climate change on the food sector.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Respondents’ involvement and knowledge of policy from a bottom-up–top-down perspective within their organisation.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Respondents’ knowledge and involvement in policy development.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Respondents’ willingness to be involved in policy strategies.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Illustration of the archetype “fixes that fail”. With associated arrow (+) = increasing effect on variable; (−) = decreasing effect on variable.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>“Limits to success” archetype. With associated arrow (+) = increasing effect on variable; (−) = decreasing effect on variable.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>System archetype “Accidental Adversaries (Escalation)”. With associated arrow (+) = increasing effect on variable; (−) = decreasing effect on variable.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Archetype “Growth and underinvestment”. With associated arrow (+) = increasing effect on variable; (−) = decreasing effect on variable.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Current conventional food system pertaining to unsustainable economic, social, and environmental performance. With associated arrow (+) = increasing effect on variable; (−) = decreasing effect on variable.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>The food system causal loop diagram (Part 3) using current IFV 2030 implementation strategies (Part 1 and Part 2). With associated arrow (+) = increasing effect on variable; (−) = decreasing effect on variable.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Elements of a sustainable food system using the three pillars of sustainability with a top-down and bottom-up structure between relevant actors and supply chain stakeholders.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>A concept map with the collaborative supply chain model at its centre.</p> Full article ">
18 pages, 1352 KiB  
Review
Unraveling the Valorization Potential of Pineapple Waste to Obtain Value-Added Products towards a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy
by Sarah L. Paz-Arteaga, Edith Cadena-Chamorro, Ricardo Goméz-García, Liliana Serna-Cock, Cristóbal N. Aguilar and Cristian Torres-León
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7236; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167236 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most commercialized tropical fruits worldwide. Its high processing and consumption generate huge quantities of organic waste and severe economic and environmental issues. Embracing the circular bioeconomy concept, this fruit waste can be applied [...] Read more.
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most commercialized tropical fruits worldwide. Its high processing and consumption generate huge quantities of organic waste and severe economic and environmental issues. Embracing the circular bioeconomy concept, this fruit waste can be applied as a bioresource (raw material) for the obtention of a wide range of high-valued biocompounds by applying innovative and ecofriendly technologies. In this paper, we critically describe pineapple-derived waste, from their chemical composition to their functional and biological properties, as well as the latest advances on valorization technologies, particular solid and submerged fermentations. Notably, this article highlights the possibility of using pineapple waste to obtain bioactive compounds such as bromelain, phenolic compounds, and dietary fiber, which have important biological properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and prebiotic capacities. Indeed, pineapple wastes can become valued materials by using green and biotechnological technologies that allow us to maximize their potential and might avoid wastage and environmental issues. Nevertheless, it is necessary to further investigate the biomolecules present in the waste derived from different pineapple varieties and their health beneficial effects as well as emerging technologies in order to obtain a full spectrum of natural value-added compounds that industries and society demand today. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress and Evaluation Challenges of By-Product and Waste Valorization)
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Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
<p>By-product generation chain (crown, core, and shell) and food loss (stem and leaves) of pineapple.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Pineapple by-product fermentation process.</p> Full article ">
12 pages, 2295 KiB  
Article
Investigating UK School-Aged Children’s Sustainable Food Packaging Disposal Knowledge and Engagement Levels in Ecologically Valid Settings
by Victoria Norton and Stella Lignou
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7235; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167235 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 456
Abstract
There is a growing emphasis on sustainable approaches; however, consumer-related barriers can modulate adherence. Therefore, engaging future generations from an early age in adopting sustainable food-packaging practices is fundamental. This paper investigates food-packaging-related knowledge, preferences, and engagement levels at a UK science-based event. [...] Read more.
There is a growing emphasis on sustainable approaches; however, consumer-related barriers can modulate adherence. Therefore, engaging future generations from an early age in adopting sustainable food-packaging practices is fundamental. This paper investigates food-packaging-related knowledge, preferences, and engagement levels at a UK science-based event. School-aged children (n = 255; 8–18 years) completed various activities to initiate conversation encompassing food packaging disposal, symbols, issues, preferences, and behaviour, as well as educational-based discussions. Most children were able to select the correct response for disposal-related questions; however, they struggled to correctly identify the appropriate bin for used food items (e.g., pizza box). Children’s knowledge of symbols varied considerably: Mobius loop and Fairtrade symbols were easily recognisable, whereas there was no clear consensus/poor knowledge for the remaining symbols. Children’s main food packaging issues were ‘excessive packaging’ and ‘bins are full’ and key information searching locations were labels-on-pack and digital sources. Currently, 51% of the children adopt sustainable approaches; therefore, engaging more children in such practices is essential. 77% of the children were interested in changing future food-packaging behaviour. Going forward, sustainable food-packaging practices need to be incorporated into the school curriculum to promote engagement as well as improving infrastructure so that children can easily implement appropriate practices; thus, resulting in notable societal impact. Full article
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<p>Summary of the activity’s five key components.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Overview of the activity-related icons for food items, symbols, and issues/preferences.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Children’s (n = 255) food packaging disposal knowledge (data reported as percentages; * recycling systems (differences in UK recycling systems) and cleaning/separating food packaging prior to disposal).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Frequency distribution of activity performance from fifteen questions covering six disposal and nine symbol questions (data reported as percentages; dotted line: median and solid line: lower and upper quartile).</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Children’s (n = 255) food packaging (<b>A</b>) issues and (<b>B</b>) searching locations (data expressed as relative frequency, and differing letters reflect significance from multiple comparisons).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Children’s (n = 255) key themes from open-ended questions relating to (<b>A</b>) current sustainable approaches, and (<b>B</b>) encourage future sustainable practices.</p> Full article ">
29 pages, 3680 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Innovative and Low-Carbon Pilot Cities on Green Innovation
by Song Wang, Yuyao Cao, Yifan Wang and Chaoquan Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7234; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167234 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 444
Abstract
Green innovation has emerged as a crucial strategy for reconciling economic development with environmental protection. While numerous policies target various aspects of innovation or green development individually, fewer policies address green innovation specifically. This raises the question of whether individual policies alone are [...] Read more.
Green innovation has emerged as a crucial strategy for reconciling economic development with environmental protection. While numerous policies target various aspects of innovation or green development individually, fewer policies address green innovation specifically. This raises the question of whether individual policies alone are sufficient to advance green innovation or whether a combination of policies is required. To address this, we analyze data from Chinese cities at the prefectural level or higher, focusing on the intersecting policies of innovative cities and low-carbon pilot cities as key explanatory variables. Using a longitudinal difference-in-differences model, our study examines the effects of these concurrent policies on green innovation and investigates the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness. Our findings reveal that the dual-pilot policy significantly promotes green innovation through four key pathways: regional economy, financial level, employment conditions, and education level. After confirming the efficacy of each policy individually, we rule out the impact of single or non-overlapping policies. This confirms that the observed enhancement in green innovation results from the combined effect of the two policies rather than from either policy in isolation. The study concludes with recommendations for further enhancing green innovation, based on the empirical evidence obtained. Full article
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<p>Technology roadmap.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Distribution of pilot cities with different policies.</p> Full article ">Figure 2 Cont.
<p>Distribution of pilot cities with different policies.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Parallel trend test results for dual-pilot policy.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Parallel trend test results of innovative city policy on innovation development.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Results of the parallel trend test of low-carbon pilot city policy for green development.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Results of the parallel trend test of single pilot policy for green innovation.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Parallel trend test results of innovative city policy for green innovation.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Results of the parallel trend test of low-carbon pilot city policy for green innovation.</p> Full article ">
20 pages, 5976 KiB  
Article
Community Group Purchasing of Next-Day Delivery: Bridging the Last Mile Delivery for Urban Residents during COVID-19
by Yingying Wang, Feng Xu, Zhe Lin, Jianying Guo and Gang Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7233; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167233 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 388
Abstract
The rapid development of new retail and the impact of COVID-19 have catalyzed the blowout growth of community group purchasing. The emergence of community group purchasing collection and delivery points (CGPCDPs) has become a new way to solve the “last mile” problem of [...] Read more.
The rapid development of new retail and the impact of COVID-19 have catalyzed the blowout growth of community group purchasing. The emergence of community group purchasing collection and delivery points (CGPCDPs) has become a new way to solve the “last mile” problem of new retail delivery. Based on the point of interest (POI) data of CGPCDPs of Nansha District, Guangzhou City, this study advances our understanding by identifying unique operational models, service targets, and spatial distribution patterns of CGPCDPs, which differ significantly from traditional pick-up points (PPs). The conclusions are as follows: (1) Most CGPCDPs depend on wholesale and retail shops, and their main service targets are urban and rural communities, followed by industrial areas. (2) The distribution of CGPCDPs has apparent spatial differentiation. At the macro scale, it shows the characteristics of “central agglomeration and peripheral dispersion”. It is distributed along the “northwest-southeast” direction and presents a “dual-core multi-center” pattern. At the meso–micro scale, different built environments in developed areas of cities, villages in the city (ChengZhongCun), and rural areas show distinct distribution patterns. (3) The main influencing factors of their spatial distribution are population density, construction land, house price, supporting place, residence density, urban community, and road proximity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Equality and Sustainability Studies)
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<p>Location of the study area.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The Urban Master Plan of Nansha District.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Community group purchasing operation model.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Distribution of CGPCDPs.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Distribution of CGPCDPs for different support types.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Standard deviational ellipse diagram of CGPCDPs.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Kernel density analysis of CGPCDPs.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Meso–micro-distribution of CGPCDPs.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Spatial distribution of regression coefficients of influencing factors of CGPCDPs based on MGWR model.</p> Full article ">
24 pages, 4877 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of Remote Sensing Estimation of Aboveground Biomass in Boreal Forests Using Machine Learning Modeling and Environmental Data
by Jie Song, Xuelu Liu, Samuel Adingo, Yanlong Guo and Quanxi Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7232; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167232 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 397
Abstract
It is crucial to have precise and current maps of aboveground biomass (AGB) in boreal forests to accurately track global carbon levels and develop effective plans for addressing climate change. Remote sensing as a cost-effective tool offers the potential to update AGB maps [...] Read more.
It is crucial to have precise and current maps of aboveground biomass (AGB) in boreal forests to accurately track global carbon levels and develop effective plans for addressing climate change. Remote sensing as a cost-effective tool offers the potential to update AGB maps for boreal forests in real time. This study evaluates different machine learning algorithms, namely Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR), for predicting AGB in boreal forests. Conducted in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China, the study integrated field measurements, space-borne LiDAR, optical remote sensing, and environmental data to develop a training dataset. Among 34 variables, 22 were selected for AGB estimation modeling. Our findings revealed that the LightGBM AGB model had the highest level of accuracy (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 15.32 Mg/ha), outperforming the XGBoost, RF, and SVR AGB models. Notably, the LightGBM AGB model effectively addressed issues of underestimation and overestimation. We also observed that the disparity in accuracy among the models widens with increasing altitude. Remarkably, the LightGBM AGB model consistently demonstrates optimal performance across all elevation gradients, with residuals generally below 25 Mg/ha for low-value overestimation and below −38 Mg/ha for high-value underestimation. The model developed in this study presents a viable and alternative approach for enhancing AGB estimation accuracy in boreal forests based on remote sensing technology. Full article
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<p>(<b>a</b>) The arrangement of field survey plots and GLAS footprints across the study area. Representative instances of surveyed forests are illustrated in (<b>b</b>) for a Qilian mountain forest landscape and in (<b>c</b>) for a <span class="html-italic">Picea crassifolia</span> forest.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Land cover map for the study area.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The methodology we used in this study for estimating boreal forest AGB.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Effect of topographic correction of GLAS-derived canopy heights based on different slope gradients.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Frequency distribution of variables in the initial XGBoost run.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Cross-validation results for each ML model (the different colors represent distinct models corresponding to the X-axis).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Comparison of raster ratios across different value domains in predicted AGB maps and training data.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Independent validation results for each ML model.</p> Full article ">Figure 8 Cont.
<p>Independent validation results for each ML model.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Distribution of residuals of AGB maps estimated by each model for (<b>a</b>) different value ranges and (<b>b</b>) different elevations (the red line represents no difference between the model’s predicted values and the observed values).</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Distribution of forest AGB across the study area.</p> Full article ">
26 pages, 9156 KiB  
Article
Research on Optimal Driving Torque Control Strategy for Multi-Axle Distributed Electric Drive Heavy-Duty Vehicles
by Shiwei Xu, Junqiu Li, Xiaopeng Zhang and Daikun Zhu
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7231; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167231 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles have the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, strong maneuverability, and good passability, making them widely used in large cargo transportation. However, the current driving torque control strategies of multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles lack comprehensive consideration [...] Read more.
Multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles have the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, strong maneuverability, and good passability, making them widely used in large cargo transportation. However, the current driving torque control strategies of multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles lack comprehensive consideration of their longitudinal and lateral dynamic characteristics, making it difficult to comprehensively optimize multiple performances such as power economy, comfort, and stability. In order to solve the above problems, This work focuses on a five-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicle. Firstly, given the differences in dynamics between two-axle vehicles and multi-axle vehicles, the dynamic model of the multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicle and its critical components is constructed. Then, by analyzing the characteristics of power economy, comfort, and stability of the multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicle, an optimal driving torque control strategy based on multiple performance coordination is proposed. Finally, on the hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) platform, the performance of the optimal driving torque control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by using the China Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle for Truck (CHTC-HT) and a straight-line acceleration driving condition on a split friction road. The simulation test results show that, compared with the traditional torque average distribution strategy, the proposed optimal driving torque control strategy can reduce the energy consumption rate by 3.45% in CHTC-HT. The strategy is attributed to the driving torque distribution based on the vehicle’s optimal instantaneous energy consumption, and vehicle comfort is also ensured by the driving mode switching frequency suppression. Subsequently, the vehicle’s stability on the split friction road is effectively improved by the torque coordination compensation strategy. This control strategy significantly improves the comprehensive performance of multi-axle distributed electric drive heavy-duty vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
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<p>Force analysis of axle loads for multi-axle drive vehicles using displacement method.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Force analysis of vehicle moving in <span class="html-italic">xoy</span> plane.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Dynamic torque coordination compensation strategy.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Stability torque coordination compensation strategy.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Hardware-in-the-loop simulation system.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Velocity in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Motor torque of each axle in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 7 Cont.
<p>Motor torque of each axle in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Comparison of working points of motors in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 8 Cont.
<p>Comparison of working points of motors in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>SOC changes in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Energy consumption in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Jerk in CHTC-HT.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Longitudinal velocity on split friction road.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Driving track on split friction road.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Yaw rate on split friction road.</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Phase plane diagram of centroid sideslip angle on split friction road.</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>Motor torque command on split friction road.</p> Full article ">Figure 17
<p>Wheel slip rate on split friction road.</p> Full article ">
24 pages, 1190 KiB  
Article
Research on Impact of Design Innovation Factors on Pure Technical Efficiency of Manufacturing Innovation
by Bing Xu, Siyuan Kong, Zhiyue Ying, Jiayang Chen, Shihao Zhang, Yuting Yan and Jun Xu
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7230; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167230 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 442
Abstract
Context: Improving the pure technical efficiency in manufacturing innovation is crucial to achieving sustainable development in the manufacturing industry. Objective: We aimed to explore the impact of design innovation factors on the pure technical efficiency of manufacturing innovation from 2011 to 2021, with [...] Read more.
Context: Improving the pure technical efficiency in manufacturing innovation is crucial to achieving sustainable development in the manufacturing industry. Objective: We aimed to explore the impact of design innovation factors on the pure technical efficiency of manufacturing innovation from 2011 to 2021, with industrial enterprises above the designated size in Zhejiang Province, China, taken as the research object. Method: The super-efficiency DEA model was used to calculate the pure technical efficiency of manufacturing innovation. Literature research, combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient, was employed to obtain five design innovation factors, including the number of policy regulations, growth rate of designers, number of design enterprises, number of patents granted, and number of design awards at the provincial level or above. Results: Based on the Tobit model, the influence of design innovation factors on the pure technical efficiency in manufacturing innovation was analyzed and demonstrated. Except for the number of policy regulations and growth rate of designers, the other three factors had a significant positive impact on the pure technical efficiency of manufacturing innovation. In general, design innovation exerts positive effects on the growth of pure technical efficiency. Conclusions: The results of this study provide helpful insights into the promotion of sustainable development in the manufacturing industry through design innovation. Full article
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<p>Bar chart of pure technical efficiency of manufacturing innovation in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2021.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Line chart for pure technical efficiency of manufacturing industry in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2021.</p> Full article ">
18 pages, 310 KiB  
Article
Flying High: Revealing the Sustainability Potential of Women in Aviation
by Maria Vittoria Corazza
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7229; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167229 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 700
Abstract
This paper explores the predominantly male-dominated aviation sector and highlights the benefits of increasing female representation. The key objectives are to analyze the gender pay gap, assess the current gender imbalance, and explore how addressing these issues could contribute to the sector’s sustainability [...] Read more.
This paper explores the predominantly male-dominated aviation sector and highlights the benefits of increasing female representation. The key objectives are to analyze the gender pay gap, assess the current gender imbalance, and explore how addressing these issues could contribute to the sector’s sustainability and operational success. A combined quantitative and qualitative methodology is employed, including scenario-building based on monetary indicators and achievements from other industries where female workforce participation has been enhanced. The results demonstrate that closing the gender pay gap and boosting female participation in air transport operations, in line with supranational recommendations, can lead to significant financial gains and operational improvements. The study concludes that promoting gender equity is not only a social imperative but also a crucial factor for achieving sustainability goals within aviation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Inequality and Sustainable Development: Women’s Empowerment and Effective Participation)
20 pages, 690 KiB  
Article
Comparing the Impact of Green Supplier Selection and Integration on Environmental Performance: An Analysis of the Moderating Role of Government Support
by Jianwei Li and Deyu Zhong
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7228; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167228 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 387
Abstract
As the green market becomes increasingly saturated, companies must allocate limited resources to more precise and efficient projects. This study aims to explore and compare the impact of green supplier selection and green supplier integration on environmental performance, with a particular focus on [...] Read more.
As the green market becomes increasingly saturated, companies must allocate limited resources to more precise and efficient projects. This study aims to explore and compare the impact of green supplier selection and green supplier integration on environmental performance, with a particular focus on the moderating role of government support. The research was conducted through a survey of 391 Chinese manufacturing firms by a specialized research institution, employing hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that both green supplier selection and integration have a positive impact on environmental performance, with green supplier integration having a more significant effect. Moreover, active government support weakens the relationship between green supplier selection and environmental performance but strengthens the relationship between green supplier integration and environmental performance. Given the study’s context, scope, and sample size, certain limitations exist. This research highlights more strategically significant supplier management practices and emphasizes the moderating role of government support in different contexts, while also providing valuable and practical recommendations for relevant practitioners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Supply Chain and Sustainable Economic Development)
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<p>Research Model. <b>Notes: independent variables:</b> green supplier selection, green supplier integration; <b>dependent variable:</b> environmental performance; <b>moderating variable:</b> government support.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>(<b>a</b>) 2way interactions. (<b>b</b>) 2way interactions. Note(s): GSS (Green Supplier Selection); GS (Government Support); EP (Environmental Performance); GSI (Green Supplier Integration). Source: Author’ own work.</p> Full article ">
19 pages, 2683 KiB  
Article
Refining Environmental Sustainability Governance Reports through Fuzzy Systems Evaluation and Scoring
by Yung-Fa Yang, Haon-Yao Chen, Yun-Hsiang Chen, Shih-Ping Ho, Chuan-San Wang and Cheng-Fang Lin
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7227; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167227 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reports have become essential tools for enterprises to showcase their commitment to sustainable development and social responsibility. However, discrepancies persist regarding the criteria, assessments, and ratings disclosed in these reports. Moreover, there is a need for more objective [...] Read more.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reports have become essential tools for enterprises to showcase their commitment to sustainable development and social responsibility. However, discrepancies persist regarding the criteria, assessments, and ratings disclosed in these reports. Moreover, there is a need for more objective methods to determine the weight distribution of indicator items. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing semantic variables in fuzzy theory and a multiple logic fuzzy inference system to develop an ESG environmental management performance assessment model. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a novel approach utilizing semantic variables and a multiple logic fuzzy inference system to quantitatively evaluate the sustainable performance of an environmental management plan. This research also aims to ensure fair and objective assessment outcomes, providing valuable guidance for enterprises in implementing performance management strategies. Key aspects investigated include the impact of membership functions, the extended utilization of semantic variables and logical rules, a comparative analysis of traditional weight assessments, and the limitations of applying fuzzy theory. Through comprehensive discussions and calculations, it is evident that fuzzy theory offers considerable flexibility in application. By tailoring fuzzy rules and selecting appropriate membership functions, diverse application scenarios can be accommodated. The Fuzzy systems evaluation and scoring EMP model generates EMP evaluation scores ranging from 1.76 to 8.29 for Gaussian membership, 1.80 to 8.19 for Triangular membership-A, 1.92 to 8.00 for Triangular membership-B, and 1.81 to 8.19 for Quadrilateral trapezoidal membership, based on simulated rating scenarios using the semantic variables of completeness and feasibility. This approach successfully incorporates distribution logic from subjective membership degrees to evaluate EMP scores. The findings demonstrate that fuzzy theory enables the consideration of multiple factors and facilitates the provision of objective-level membership, underscoring its potential in addressing complex evaluation challenges. This study illuminates the versatility of the fuzzy system theory, with its applications poised to extend across various domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Improving Nature-Smart Policies through Innovative Resilient Evaluations)
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<p>Process of developing the fuzzy system evaluation and scoring EMP model.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The overall fuzzy system procedure.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Logistic relationship plot of the triangular membership function with a wider Good range. The horizontal axis represents semantic variable and total rated EMP scores, ranging from 0 to 10. The vertical axis represents the membership degree, indicating the percentage distribution between two adjacent ratings for a given semantic variable score.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Logistic relationship plot of the triangular membership function with a narrow Good range.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Logistic relationship plot of the trapezoidal membership function.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>The typical output of fuzzy inference engine and defuzzification. The left column is the Fuzzy logic rules results of variable completeness. The middle column is the Fuzzy logic rules results of Feasibility. The right column is the final EMP score from defuzzification with the centroid method.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Logistic relationship plot of the trapezoidal membership function with narrower poor and excellent sets.</p> Full article ">
24 pages, 618 KiB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence and Technological Innovation: Evidence from China’s Strategic Emerging Industries
by Daojun Li, Haiqin Wang and Juan Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7226; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167226 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the driving force for the leapfrog development of science and technology, the optimization and upgrading of industry, as well as the overall leap in productivity. Using panel data of strategic emerging firms in Chinese A-Share Listed companies from 2012 [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the driving force for the leapfrog development of science and technology, the optimization and upgrading of industry, as well as the overall leap in productivity. Using panel data of strategic emerging firms in Chinese A-Share Listed companies from 2012 to 2022, this study empirically examines the impact of AI on technological innovation through a two-way fixed-effects model. The study discovered that technological innovation capability can be greatly enhanced by the degree of AI present in strategic emerging industry businesses. This conclusion remains valid following a series of robustness tests. The mechanism study demonstrates how the degree of AI increases businesses’ capacity for technological innovation by lowering funding constraints and boosting R&D investment. According to heterogeneity analysis, AI has varying empowering effects on different industries within strategic emerging industries. Its strongest empowering effect is observed in the western region, with the central and eastern regions seeing the weakest effects. Additionally, the promotion effect of AI is greater for state-owned enterprises than for non-state-owned enterprises. To better play the role of AI in encouraging the technical innovation of firms in strategic emerging industries, it is required to establish dedicated funds, create an AI technology innovation platform, and develop differentiated regulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Business Innovation)
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<p>Conceptual framework. Notes: The vertical arrow represents the direction of change, where the upward arrow represents an increase and the downward arrow represents a decrease.</p> Full article ">
18 pages, 1109 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Perception Differences in Shared Mobility between Driver’s License Holders and Nonholders: A Case Study of Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon in South Korea
by Jiin Baek and Ju-Young Shin
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7225; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167225 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 506
Abstract
Shared mobility (SM) services are transitioning from the introduction stage to the growth stage, driven by the growth of the sharing economy, the promotion of smart cities, the diverse personal transportation modes, and the development of autonomous driving technologies. SM services, such as [...] Read more.
Shared mobility (SM) services are transitioning from the introduction stage to the growth stage, driven by the growth of the sharing economy, the promotion of smart cities, the diverse personal transportation modes, and the development of autonomous driving technologies. SM services, such as car sharing, car-hailing, shared bikes, and e-scooters, have emerged as solutions to address issues related to carbon neutrality and traffic congestion in densely populated areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential disparities in user perception and satisfaction among groups with or without driving experience when using SM services—through hypothesis testing using the two-proportion Z-test. Subsequently, a satisfaction analysis is conducted. This research creates foundational data for future SM services. The survey targeted 1041 residents living in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, and Incheon, and was conducted over two weeks in March 2020. This study aims to derive associations between two groups using SM—those with and without driving experience. The results indicate that car sharing and bike sharing showed significant differences in user patterns based on driving experience, whereas e-scooters and car-hailing did not exhibit significant differences. This contradicts the assumption that people without a driver’s license would use SM more frequently. Moreover, the results of each SM’s analysis show different usage patterns and satisfaction between driver’s license holders and nonholders. This study will serve as foundational data for researching strategies to reduce personal car ownership through the promotion of public transportation and SM services. Furthermore, it can be a basis for suggesting policy recommendations to facilitate future mobility systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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<p>Seoul and Gyeonggi Province population density.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Scatter graph between Shared Mobility Awareness and user experience.</p> Full article ">
15 pages, 10791 KiB  
Article
Land Use Intensity Alters Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand as Well as Their Interaction: A Spatial Zoning Perspective
by Yunrui Yang, Jiaying Zhang and Yi’na Hu
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7224; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167224 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Clarifying the interaction between ecosystem service supply (ESS) and demand (ESD) and its response to land use change is essential for achieving ecological security. Previous research mainly focused on how land use change affects ESS, ignoring its impact on the interaction between ESS [...] Read more.
Clarifying the interaction between ecosystem service supply (ESS) and demand (ESD) and its response to land use change is essential for achieving ecological security. Previous research mainly focused on how land use change affects ESS, ignoring its impact on the interaction between ESS and ESD, making it difficult to guide regional sustainability in social–ecological coupled systems. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as the study area, after evaluating five types of ESS and ESD during 2000–2020, this study analyzed the interaction between changes in ESS and ESD using Geodetector from a spatial zoning perspective and subsequently explored the impact of land use intensity on ESS, ESD, and their interaction using Spearman correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that there was obvious spatial–temporal heterogeneity in ESS and ESD. Different ecosystem services varied in their interaction between ESS and ESD, and the demand changes in water conservation and soil retention significantly influenced their supply changes, while supply changes in carbon sequestration were not influenced by its demand changes. The effect of ESD changes on ESS changes also showed spatial heterogeneity. All interactions between ESS changes and ESD changes, except carbon sequestration, were significant in the Supply Increases–Demand Increases zone. Soil retention and water conservation showed a significant supply–demand interaction in the Supply Decreases–Demand Decreases zone and the Supply Decreases–Demand Increases zone, respectively, while no ecosystem service showed significant supply–demand interaction in the Supply Increases–Demand Decreases zone. Land use intensity had linear and nonlinear effects on different ESS and ESD, and it was also found that the effect of ESD changes on corresponding ESS changes was relatively obvious in regions with dramatic land use change. Finally, this paper incorporated the changes in ESS and ESD, as well as their interaction, into land use management, which can provide implications for regional sustainability. Full article
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<p>Geographical location of the study area.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Land use changes in the ecological zones from 2000 to 2020.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Land use intensity of counties from 2000 to 2020.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Ecosystem service supply in 2000 and 2020. (<b>a</b>): food supply; (<b>b</b>): water purification; (<b>c</b>): carbon sequestration; (<b>d</b>): water conservation; (<b>e</b>): soil retention.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Ecosystem service demand in 2000 and 2020. (<b>a</b>): Food supply; (<b>b</b>): Water purification; (<b>c</b>): carbon sequestration; (<b>d</b>): water conservation; (<b>e</b>): soil retention.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Ecosystem services supply and demand changes and ecological zones from 2000 to 2020. (<b>a</b>): ecosystem services supply changes; (<b>b</b>): ecosystem services demand changes; (<b>c</b>): ecological zones.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Interaction between changes in ecosystem service supply and demand.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Influence of land use intensity on ecosystem service supply (<b>a</b>–<b>e</b>) and demand (<b>f</b>–<b>j</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>The framework for the interactions between ecosystem services supply and demand.</p> Full article ">
25 pages, 21409 KiB  
Article
Ecosystem Services’ Supply–Demand Assessment and Ecological Management Zoning in Northwest China: A Perspective of the Water–Food–Ecology Nexus
by Jiaxin Zhang, Tao Yang and Mingjiang Deng
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7223; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167223 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 599
Abstract
The coordinated development of the water–food–ecology (WFE) nexus is a practical issue that has to be addressed urgently for northwest China’s (WTL) sustainable development. Optimizing the linkage relationship and accomplishing the rational distribution of resources from the perspective of the supply and demand [...] Read more.
The coordinated development of the water–food–ecology (WFE) nexus is a practical issue that has to be addressed urgently for northwest China’s (WTL) sustainable development. Optimizing the linkage relationship and accomplishing the rational distribution of resources from the perspective of the supply and demand for ecosystem services (ESSD) are imperative. Thus, in this study, a numerical indicator system for ESSD from the perspective of the WFE nexus was constructed with the incorporation of the water and carbon footprint. Based on this premise, the ecological management zoning method was enhanced by integrating supply and demand risks, and optimization suggestions were proposed for various zones. The results showed that (1) carbon sequestration (CS), food production (FP), and water yield (WY) supply and demand significantly increased between 2000 and 2021. High ESSDs were concentrated in the west side of northwest China. Maize, wheat, cotton, vegetables, and garden fruits had a higher demand for ecosystem services (ESs). (2) The three ESSDs were bound in a synergistic relationship. The synergy between supply exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, while the synergies between demand showed similar distribution patterns. (3) Regarding quantity matching, the supply for FP and CS surpassed demand, while the WY supply could not meet the demand. The three ESs’ supply and demand deficits rose. Ecological supply–demand ratio (ESDR) regional differentiation for the three ESs was apparent. Regarding spatial matching, FP and CS concentrated on low supply–low demand, while WY focused on high supply–high demand. FP risk was concentrated in Qaidam Basin, whereas WY risk was mostly in Hexi inland river basin (HX), the Yellow River Basin area (HH), and both sides of the “Qice line”. (4) The ecological management zones were formed by integrating WTL’s three dominant weak functional zones, four categorized strategy regions, and four governance models. This study can serve as a scientific benchmark for regional ecological management, which is significant in ensuring northwest China’s water, food, and ecological safety. Full article
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<p>Study area. QCXXB denotes the northwest of the “Qice line”; QCXXN indicates the southwest of the “Qice line”; QCXDB refers to the northeast of the “Qice line”; QCXDN denotes the southeast of the “Qice line”; HX indicates the Hexi inland river basin; CDM refers to the Qaidam Basin; BGH denotes the semi-arid grassland area; HH refers to the Yellow River Basin area.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Research framework.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Spatial distribution of ESs’ supply in WTL.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Interannual variation in BWY and GWY supply in WTL.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Spatial distribution of ESs’ demand in WTL.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Interannual variation in specific crop CS demand.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Ecosystem services’ correlations. Note: The number represents the correlation coefficient. The size of the circle indicates the strength of the correlation.* Indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>The spatial distribution pattern and area proportion of the relationship between ESs.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Spatial distribution of ESDR for (<b>a</b>) food production, (<b>b</b>) water yield, and (<b>c</b>) carbon sequestration.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Spatial matching modes of (<b>a</b>) food production, (<b>b</b>) water yield, and (<b>c</b>) carbon sequestration.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Spatial distribution of risk level for (<b>a</b>) food production, (<b>b</b>) water yield, and (<b>c</b>) carbon sequestration.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Spatial distribution of ecological management zones.</p> Full article ">
41 pages, 11807 KiB  
Review
Optimization Control Strategies and Evaluation Metrics of Cooling Systems in Data Centers: A Review
by Qiankun Chang, Yuanfeng Huang, Kaiyan Liu, Xin Xu, Yaohua Zhao and Song Pan
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7222; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167222 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1233
Abstract
In the age of digitalization and big data, cooling systems in data centers are vital for maintaining equipment efficiency and environmental sustainability. Although many studies have focused on the classification and optimization of data center cooling systems, systematic reviews using bibliometric methods are [...] Read more.
In the age of digitalization and big data, cooling systems in data centers are vital for maintaining equipment efficiency and environmental sustainability. Although many studies have focused on the classification and optimization of data center cooling systems, systematic reviews using bibliometric methods are relatively scarce. This review uses bibliometric analysis to explore the classifications, control optimizations, and energy metrics of data center cooling systems, aiming to address research gaps. Using CiteSpace and databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE, this study maps the field’s historical development and current trends. The findings indicate that, firstly, the classification of cooling systems, optimization strategies, and energy efficiency metrics are the current focal points. Secondly, this review assesses the applicability of air-cooled and liquid-cooled systems in different operational environments, providing practical guidance for selection. Then, for air cooling systems, the review demonstrates that optimizing the design of static pressure chamber baffles has significantly improved airflow uniformity. Finally, the article advocates for expanding the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to automate data collection and energy efficiency analysis, it also calls for the global standardization of energy efficiency metrics. This study offers new perspectives on the design, operational optimization, and performance evaluation of data center cooling systems. Full article
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<p>Paper search flowchart.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Proportion of selected studies in search databases.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Publication year trends.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Keyword co-occurrence graph from Scopus.</p> Full article ">Figure 4 Cont.
<p>Keyword co-occurrence graph from Scopus.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Keyword co-occurrence graph from Web of Science.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Temporal clustering of keywords in Scopus.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Journal publication year bubble chart.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>High-publishing countries graph.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Country co-occurrence map.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Issuing authority co-occurrence map.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Co-citation network of Scopus papers.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Keyword burstness graph.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Components of data center energy consumption.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Basic mechanism of liquid cooling technology.</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Basic mechanism of air cooling technology.</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>Schematic diagrams of different microchannel structures.</p> Full article ">
17 pages, 3028 KiB  
Article
Acceptance of an IoT System for Strawberry Cultivation: A Case Study of Different Users
by José Varela-Aldás, Alex Gavilanes, Nancy Velasco, Carolina Del-Valle-Soto and Carlos Bran
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7221; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167221 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 591
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been impacting multiple industries worldwide for over a decade. However, less developed countries have yet to make the transition to these technologies. South America is among the regions with the least IoT influence in all sectors, indicating [...] Read more.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been impacting multiple industries worldwide for over a decade. However, less developed countries have yet to make the transition to these technologies. South America is among the regions with the least IoT influence in all sectors, indicating a need for studies to explore IoT acceptance among various users in this region. This study analyzes two different users of a monitoring and irrigation system for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) farming. Monitored variables include soil moisture, and ambient temperature and humidity, with irrigation performed via water pumping from a reservoir. The system is based on the M5Core2 development kit for the local station and the IoT platform ThingSpeak for remote access. It features a web user interface consisting of an application developed in HTML using a plugin on ThingSpeak. Thus, the system can be used locally via a touchscreen and remotely through a web browser. Measurements are cross-verified with commercial meters to ensure their reliability, and users are asked to fill out a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for IoT to gauge their acceptance level. Additionally, an interview is conducted that explores four critical factors, aimed at understanding their experience and interaction with the system after a period of usage. The findings confirm the validity of the monitored variables and demonstrate a global acceptance rate of slightly over 80%, albeit with varying user acceptance perspectives. Specifically, the technical user exhibits greater acceptance than the crop administrator, evidenced by a mean discrepancy of 1.85 points on the TAM scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agriculture: Cultivation and Breeding of Crops)
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<p>General schematic of the proposed IoT system.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Components of the proposed IoT system.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>M5Core2 kit connections.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Program flowchart on the M5Core2 kit.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Web application user interface.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Photographs of the crop and the local control box.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Comparison of measurements from the proposed IoT system vs. reference instruments: (<b>a</b>) soil humidity measurements; (<b>b</b>) air humidity measurements; (<b>c</b>) air temperature measurements.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Mean acceptance of the IoT system.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Radial chart of IoT system acceptance by both users.</p> Full article ">
27 pages, 4071 KiB  
Article
Nature-Based Secondary Resource Recovery under Climate Change Uncertainty: A Robust Multi-Objective Optimisation Methodology
by Khaled Alshehri, Mohadese Basirati, Devin Sapsford, Michael Harbottle and Peter Cleall
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7220; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167220 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 593
Abstract
The management of high-volume (HV) waste poses a persistent challenge in sustainable materials management and represents an untapped opportunity in circular economy models. This study proposes a conceptual decision-making framework to operationalise a novel circular economy strategy for HV waste, involving temporary storage [...] Read more.
The management of high-volume (HV) waste poses a persistent challenge in sustainable materials management and represents an untapped opportunity in circular economy models. This study proposes a conceptual decision-making framework to operationalise a novel circular economy strategy for HV waste, involving temporary storage to facilitate nature-based secondary resource recovery. Using an illustrative case study of a candidate HV waste (legacy mining waste), we apply a robust multi-objective spatial optimisation approach at a national scale, employing an exact solution approach. Our methodology integrates mixed-integer linear programming to evaluate the economic viability, social benefits, and impacts of climate change uncertainties on nature-based solutions (NbS) implementation across diverse scenarios. The results demonstrate that NbS can enhance economic feasibility by incorporating carbon sequestration and employment benefits while demonstrating resilience against climate change projections to ensure long-term sustainability. The findings suggest that although NbS can improve the circular economy of HV nationally, it is essential to assess additional ecosystem services and address multiple uncertainties for effective macro-level sustainability assessment of HV management. This study offers a robust decision-making framework for policymakers and stakeholders to plan and implement nature-based circular economy strategies for HV waste streams at a national level while effectively managing long-term planning uncertainties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
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<p>Network schematic of the nature-based secondary resource recovery. The orange-coloured input factors are subject to sensitivity analysis of the deterministic model, whereas the purple-coloured input factors are part of the robust optimisation approach.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Sensitivity analysis results of market price of recovered materials vs. resource concentration in ore: (<b>a</b>) CoO, (<b>b</b>) NiO.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Sensitivity analysis results of monetised carbon storage benefits by NbS vs. market price of recovered materials: (<b>a</b>) CoO, (<b>b</b>) NiO.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Correlation coefficients of varying objective’s weight for TOPSIS, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE-II: (<b>a</b>) CoO, (<b>b</b>) NiO.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Pareto front of the optimisation model: (<b>a</b>) 3D view of CoO, (<b>b</b>) top view of CoO, (<b>c</b>) 3D view of NiO, (<b>d</b>) top view of NiO.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Objective function values of optimal solutions across climate change scenarios: (<b>a</b>) economic objective, (<b>b</b>) social well-being objective, (<b>c</b>) climate change risk.</p> Full article ">
6 pages, 205 KiB  
Editorial
New Perspectives on Lighting
by Lambros T. Doulos and Antonio Peña-García
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7219; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167219 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 396
Abstract
Lighting has experienced dramatic developments in the last two decades [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic New Perspectives on Lighting)
21 pages, 2229 KiB  
Article
The Blockchain Effect on Courier Supply Chains Digitalization and Its Contribution to Industry 4.0 within the Circular Economy
by Ra’ed Masa’deh, Mustafa Jaber, Abdel-Aziz Ahmad Sharabati, Ahmad Yacoub Nasereddin and Ahmad Marei
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7218; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167218 - 22 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 937
Abstract
The goal of this research is to investigate blockchain technology’s influence on digitizing courier supply chains and advancing Industry 4.0, which leads the digitization revolution by integrating blockchain to digitize processes that would serve the circular economy. It evaluates how blockchain enhances transparency, [...] Read more.
The goal of this research is to investigate blockchain technology’s influence on digitizing courier supply chains and advancing Industry 4.0, which leads the digitization revolution by integrating blockchain to digitize processes that would serve the circular economy. It evaluates how blockchain enhances transparency, traceability, and digital processes in logistics, promoting sustainability through waste reduction and improved reuse. The study aims to identify the benefits and challenges of blockchain integration, develop a conceptual framework, and provide actionable insights to improve supply chain management, operational efficiency, and sustainability. This research uses a qualitative research method including a literature review as well as interviews for case studies to explore both the benefits and challenges when applying blockchain technology in courier organizations in Industry 4.0 within the circular economy. The results show that blockchain technology can enhance the security, traceability, and efficiency of courier supply chains, reduce theft, error risk, and fraud, as well as facilitate specific process automation via smart contracts. Blockchain technology can support the digital transformation of logistics organizations and enhance circular economy networks in Industry 4.0 by enabling automation, transparency, traceability, and maintaining responsibility for the environment. This research is an exploration of the effect of blockchain technology on the courier supply chain in the logistics firms in Industry 4.0 within the circular economy and the development of a conceptual framework for usage. In addition, it capitalizes on both coordination and collaboration among players through decentralization to obtain maximum fruitful benefits. Full article
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<p>Logistics cost. Source: Adapted from Armstrong &amp; Associates Inc.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Benefits of blockchain. Source: Cloud Credential Council.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Study conceptual framework.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 1595 KiB  
Article
Integrating Blockchain Technology in Business Models for Sustainable Innovation
by Yang Chao and Alireza Goli
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7217; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167217 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 527
Abstract
This research paper investigates the role of blockchain technology in sustainable business model innovation by proposing a comprehensive framework. The study addresses the following research questions: How can blockchain technology enhance business model components? What are the specific innovations enabled by blockchain technology? [...] Read more.
This research paper investigates the role of blockchain technology in sustainable business model innovation by proposing a comprehensive framework. The study addresses the following research questions: How can blockchain technology enhance business model components? What are the specific innovations enabled by blockchain technology? To answer these questions, a hybrid approach was employed. Initially, a thorough review of existing literature identified key components of business model innovation. Subsequently, a survey was conducted among technology experts to evaluate the applications of blockchain technology in these components. The analysis revealed five categories of innovation: macro-activities of the value network, micro-activities within the organization, governance, financial aspects, as well as sustainable innovation. Next, a novel conceptual model was developed to assess the impact of digital technologies on business model performance, and then it was evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Key findings indicate that blockchain technology significantly enhances data transparency, security, and efficiency capabilities, leading to improved innovation and increased sales volume. Practical implications include recommendations for organizations to prioritize investments in platform technologies, insight analysis, and sensor-based data collection to achieve sustainable business model innovation. The study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to integrating blockchain technology across all business model components to maximize its potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging IoT and Blockchain Technologies for Sustainability)
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<p>Steps of the research methodology.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The proposed conceptual model.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Details of each factor.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Path diagram with standard coefficients.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Path diagram with T-statistics test.</p> Full article ">
18 pages, 1620 KiB  
Article
A Study on Teachers’ Willingness to Use Generative AI Technology and Its Influencing Factors: Based on an Integrated Model
by Haili Lu, Lin He, Hao Yu, Tao Pan and Kefeng Fu
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7216; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167216 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 831
Abstract
The development of new artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technology creates new opportunities for the digital transformation of education. Teachers’ willingness to adopt AIGC technology for collaborative teaching is key to its successful implementation. This study employs the TAM and TPB to construct a [...] Read more.
The development of new artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technology creates new opportunities for the digital transformation of education. Teachers’ willingness to adopt AIGC technology for collaborative teaching is key to its successful implementation. This study employs the TAM and TPB to construct a model analyzing teachers’ acceptance of AIGC technology, focusing on the influencing factors and differences across various educational stages. The study finds that teachers’ behavioral intentions to use AIGC technology are primarily influenced by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, behavioral attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. Perceived ease of use affects teachers’ willingness both directly and indirectly across different groups. However, perceived behavioral control and behavioral attitudes only directly influence university teachers’ willingness to use AIGC technology, with the impact of behavioral attitudes being stronger than that of perceived behavioral control. The empirical findings of this study promote the rational use of AIGC technology by teachers, providing guidance for encouraging teachers to actively explore the use of information technology in building new forms of digital education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology-Enhanced and AI-Enhanced Learning for Sustainable Education: Innovations and Pathways)
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<p>Behavioral intention model of teachers’ AIGC technology use behavior based on the TAM–TPB framework.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Primary and middle school.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Upper secondary school.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>University.</p> Full article ">
37 pages, 5217 KiB  
Review
Solar Photovoltaic Module End-of-Life Waste Management Regulations: International Practices and Implications for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
by Amjad Ali, Md Tasbirul Islam, Shafiqur Rehman, Sikandar Abdul Qadir, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Waseem Khan, Md. Hasan Zahir, Asif Islam and Muhammad Khalid
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7215; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167215 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1401
Abstract
This paper examines the end-of-life (EOL) waste management regulations and guidelines of five leading countries—China, USA, India, Japan, and Germany—to identify best practices and lessons that can enhance Saudi Arabia’s EOL waste management strategies. The study delves into China’s regulatory framework, highlighting its [...] Read more.
This paper examines the end-of-life (EOL) waste management regulations and guidelines of five leading countries—China, USA, India, Japan, and Germany—to identify best practices and lessons that can enhance Saudi Arabia’s EOL waste management strategies. The study delves into China’s regulatory framework, highlighting its import bans on certain wastes, the USA’s manufacturer responsibility requirements for product disposal, India’s engagement of the informal sector in waste collection and recycling, Japan’s take-back system mandating manufacturer responsibility for product recovery and recycling, and Germany’s advanced system promoting the separate collection of EOL products and stringent hazardous waste regulations. By evaluating these diverse regulatory approaches and integrating insights from recent literature, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive perspective to assist Saudi Arabia in developing an effective EOL waste management system. Given the current state and deployment of solar PV systems in Saudi Arabia, the generation of PV solar panel waste is currently minimal. However, future projections indicate a significant increase, and it is worrisome that the KSA currently lacks the necessary systems and infrastructure to handle this waste effectively. To address this challenge sustainably, it is essential to introduce and implement an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy, develop robust recycling infrastructure, enhance public awareness and education, and foster public–private partnerships. These measures will provide a strong foundation for managing end-of-life PV solar panel waste in Saudi Arabia. Such a system would ensure environmental protection, public health, and economic growth. Moreover, the research findings could serve as a valuable resource for other countries seeking to improve their EOL waste management practices. This study underscores the importance of learning from successful international waste management practices to enhance EOL waste management systems globally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Waste Management and Sustainable Development (2nd Edition))
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<p>Projected cumulative installations of solar photovoltaic systems through 2030 and 2050 [<a href="#B3-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">3</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Solar PV EOL waste generation projected from 2030 to 2050 [<a href="#B3-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">3</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>UNDP Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Research articles published on solar PV waste recycling in different areas (2019–2024).</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Research methodology followed in this study.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Solar PV module waste composition in (%).</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Top countries that make solar PV panel wastes in million metric tons [<a href="#B3-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">3</a>,<a href="#B5-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">5</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Cumulative solar photovoltaic capacity in China [<a href="#B34-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">34</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Installation trends of solar photovoltaic systems in the United States [<a href="#B3-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">3</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Solar PV Installation in Japan.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Solar PV installation in India.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Solar PV installation in Germany.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>World’s top ten oil-producing countries.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Solar DNI map of the EU and MENA regions [<a href="#B114-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">114</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 RE targets.</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>Renewable energy (solar PV, wind, and CSP) power plants allocations in the KSA [<a href="#B114-sustainability-16-07215" class="html-bibr">114</a>].</p> Full article ">Figure 17
<p>Proposed solar PV EOL waste approach for the KSA.</p> Full article ">
30 pages, 578 KiB  
Article
Examining the Attitude–Behavior Gap in EU Ecolabel Adoption: A Mediation Path Analysis
by Almudena Recio-Román, Manuel Recio-Menéndez and María Victoria Román-González
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7214; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167214 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 501
Abstract
The EU Ecolabel, established in 1992, aims to promote sustainable consumption, yet a significant gap persists between consumers’ positive environmental attitudes and their actual purchasing behavior of ecolabeled products. This study examines the attitude–behavior gap in EU Ecolabel adoption across Europe, leveraging data [...] Read more.
The EU Ecolabel, established in 1992, aims to promote sustainable consumption, yet a significant gap persists between consumers’ positive environmental attitudes and their actual purchasing behavior of ecolabeled products. This study examines the attitude–behavior gap in EU Ecolabel adoption across Europe, leveraging data from the 2023 Eurobarometer survey with 26,630 valid responses from all EU member states. Using mediation path analysis, the research investigates the factors mediating the relationship between environmental knowledge and purchasing behavior, including environmental attitude, ecolabel trust, and environmental concern. The study applies an integrated theoretical framework combining the Knowledge–Attitude–Behavior model and Attitude–Behavior–Context theory to explain the complexities of consumer behavior towards ecolabeled products. The findings reveal the interplay of direct and indirect effects among ecolabel knowledge, trust, environmental concern, attitude, and buying behavior, while also considering demographic factors’ influence such as age, gender, education level, and residential setting. The research provides a comprehensive cross-country analysis within the EU, offering insights into bridging the attitude–behavior gap and enhancing the adoption of eco-friendly products. The results have significant implications for policymakers, marketers, and researchers in promoting sustainable consumer behavior, improving environmental label effectiveness, and developing targeted interventions to increase ecolabel adoption rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Sensory and Consumer Science)
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<p>Research Model and Path Analysis Results. Estimates presented are standardized path estimates. *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p> Full article ">
16 pages, 529 KiB  
Article
Climate Change, Sustainability, and Education: Conceptions of Teachers of Geography in England
by Grace Healy, David Mitchell and Nicola Walshe
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7213; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167213 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 480
Abstract
Drawing upon a survey of teachers in England conducted by the UCL Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability Education (CCCSE), this paper reports on teachers of geography’s conceptions of climate change, sustainability, climate change education, and sustainability education. We address how teachers of [...] Read more.
Drawing upon a survey of teachers in England conducted by the UCL Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability Education (CCCSE), this paper reports on teachers of geography’s conceptions of climate change, sustainability, climate change education, and sustainability education. We address how teachers of geography across the primary and secondary phase appear to distinguish the concept (climate change or sustainability) from the concept within education (climate change education or sustainability education) given that research to date has not engaged with both these framings together in empirical research with teachers. Across both climate change education and sustainability education, there was recognition for (i) the importance of these concepts for young people, (ii) the ways in which education can support young people to make informed choices or take action, and (iii) the importance of addressing these concepts across subject curricula. Teachers’ descriptions indicate (i) disconnections between policy rhetoric and teaching, (ii) a lack of attention to social and environmental justice, and (iii) an over-focus on individual action. Full article
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<p>Timeline of key international policy and policy in England [<a href="#B4-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">4</a>,<a href="#B11-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">11</a>,<a href="#B12-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">12</a>,<a href="#B13-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">13</a>,<a href="#B14-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">14</a>,<a href="#B15-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">15</a>,<a href="#B16-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">16</a>,<a href="#B17-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">17</a>,<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">18</a>,<a href="#B19-sustainability-16-07213" class="html-bibr">19</a>].</p> Full article ">
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