Therapeutic Efficacy of Sesquiterpene Farnesol in Treatment of Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Dermal Disorders
<p>(<b>A</b>) Schematic of the development and the time scale of treatment of <span class="html-italic">C. acnes</span>-induced rat skin acne. (<b>B</b>) The dorsal skin of a rat injected with 5 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL <span class="html-italic">C. acnes</span> at 96 h postinjection (<b>a</b>), 144 h postinjection (<b>b</b>), and 192 h postinjection (<b>c</b>).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>MIC test results for farnesol in the treatment of <span class="html-italic">C.</span> <span class="html-italic">acnes</span>-induced acne after 24 and 48 h incubations. The MIC was measured by assessing the effects of a series of farnesol concentrations (from 0.004 to 0.576 mM) on the absorbance at 600 nm (OD<sub>600</sub>). The MIC was determined as 0.14 mM.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>A</b>) Cell viability assay displaying the low cytotoxicity of farnesol on HaCaT keratinocytes. (<b>B</b>) Cell morphology images of keratinocytes after various treatments with the indicated the concentrations of farnesol, supporting the cell viability assay results (Bar, 50 μm). ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001 (through ANOVA).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>H&E stains of the dorsal skin of rat after two-time (<b>A</b>) and four-time (<b>B</b>) treatment with 0.4 mM farnesol, 0.8 mM farnesol, HPMC, and commercial clindamycin gels.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Masson’s trichrome staining of the dorsal skin of rats after two-time (<b>A</b>) and four-time (<b>B</b>) treatment with 0.4 mM farnesol, 0.8 mM farnesol, HPMC, and commercial clindamycin gels. Semiquantitative assessment of collagen from blue color stains in Masson’s trichrome images for (<b>C</b>) two-time and (<b>D</b>) four-time treatment groups (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3). ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 (compared with the normal group); <sup>#</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 (compared with the untreated group), <sup>##</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01.</p> "> Figure 5 Cont.
<p>Masson’s trichrome staining of the dorsal skin of rats after two-time (<b>A</b>) and four-time (<b>B</b>) treatment with 0.4 mM farnesol, 0.8 mM farnesol, HPMC, and commercial clindamycin gels. Semiquantitative assessment of collagen from blue color stains in Masson’s trichrome images for (<b>C</b>) two-time and (<b>D</b>) four-time treatment groups (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3). ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 (compared with the normal group); <sup>#</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 (compared with the untreated group), <sup>##</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Western blot of the dorsal skin of rats after two-time (<b>A</b>) and four-time (<b>B</b>) treatment with 0.4 mM farnesol, 0.8 mM farnesol, HPMC, and commercial clindamycin gels. (<b>C</b>) Semiquantitative analyses of Western blot of proinflammatory cytokines, using the ImageJ software. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001 (compared with the untreated group).</p> "> Figure 6 Cont.
<p>Western blot of the dorsal skin of rats after two-time (<b>A</b>) and four-time (<b>B</b>) treatment with 0.4 mM farnesol, 0.8 mM farnesol, HPMC, and commercial clindamycin gels. (<b>C</b>) Semiquantitative analyses of Western blot of proinflammatory cytokines, using the ImageJ software. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001 (compared with the untreated group).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Animals
2.2. Growth Curve of C. acnes
2.3. Antimicrobial Effect of Farnesol on C. acnes
2.4. In Vitro Cell Cytotoxicity Assay for Farnesol
2.5. In Vivo Animal Experiments: Establishment of Skin Acne Model in a Rat
2.6. Histopathological Analyses
2.7. Histopathological Scoring of Skin Repair
2.8. Western Blot Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Growth of C. acnes and MIC Determination
3.2. In Vitro Viability of Keratinocytes after Farnesol Treatment
3.3. Histopathological Analysis
3.4. Western Blot Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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1. Results for the two-time treatment category (at day 8 after acne induction). | |||||
A | B | C | D | E | |
Epithelialization | 0.67 ± 0.33 | 2.67 ± 0.33 ** | 2.67 ± 0.33 ** | 2.00 ± 0.33 | 1.67 ± 0.33 |
Regeneration and reparation of pilosebaceous unit/epithelial cysts | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 3.33 ± 0.33 ***,# | 2.33 ± 0.33 * | 1.33 ± 0.33 | 1.67 ± 0.33 |
Alleviation of inflammatory cell infiltration | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 3.67 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.33 ± 0.33 ***,### | 3.33 ± 0.33 ***,### | 0.33 ± 0.33 |
Improvement of abscesses and necrotic tissues | 0.33 ± 0.33 | 3.67 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.33 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.00 ± 0.00 ***,### | 0.33 ± 0.33 |
Collagenization | 1.33 ± 0.33 | 4.33 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.33 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.00 ± 0.33 ***,## | 1.67 ± 0.33 |
Total | 3.00 ± 0.58 | 17.67 ± 0.88 ***,### | 18.00 ± 0.58 ***,### | 14.67 ± 0.33 ***,### | 5.67 ± 0.33 |
2. Results for the four-time treatment category (at day 10 after acne induction). | |||||
A | B | C | D | E | |
Epithelialization | 2.67 ± 0.33 | 3.33 ± 0.33 # | 3.67 ± 0.33 # | 3.33 ± 0.33 # | 1.67 ± 0.33 |
Regeneration and reparation of pilosebaceous unit/epithelial cysts | 2.67 ± 0.33 | 3.67 ± 0.33 # | 2.33 ± 0.33 | 2.33 ± 0.33 | 1.67 ± 0.33 |
Alleviation of inflammatory cell infiltration | 1.67 ± 0.33 | 4.33 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.67 ± 0.33 ***,### | 4.00 ± 0.00 **,### | 1.33 ± 0.33 |
Improvement of abscesses and necrotic tissues | 1.67 ± 0.33 | 4.33 ± 0.33 **,### | 4.33 ± 0.33 **,### | 4.67 ± 0.33 ***,### | 1.33 ± 0.33 |
Collagenization | 2.67 ± 0.33 | 4.33 ± 0.33 | 3.67 ± 0.33 | 3.67 ± 0.33 | 3.33 ± 0.33 |
Total | 11.33 ± 0.33 | 20.00 ± 0.58 ***,### | 18.67 ± 0.67 ***,### | 18.00 ± 0.58 ***,### | 9.33 ± 0.33 |
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Wu, G.-X.; Wang, Y.-W.; Wu, C.-S.; Lin, Y.-H.; Hung, C.-H.; Huang, H.-H.; Kuo, S.-M. Therapeutic Efficacy of Sesquiterpene Farnesol in Treatment of Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Dermal Disorders. Molecules 2021, 26, 5723. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185723
Wu G-X, Wang Y-W, Wu C-S, Lin Y-H, Hung C-H, Huang H-H, Kuo S-M. Therapeutic Efficacy of Sesquiterpene Farnesol in Treatment of Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Dermal Disorders. Molecules. 2021; 26(18):5723. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185723
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Guan-Xuan, Yu-Wen Wang, Chun-Shien Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Chih-Hsin Hung, Han-Hsiang Huang, and Shyh-Ming Kuo. 2021. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Sesquiterpene Farnesol in Treatment of Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Dermal Disorders" Molecules 26, no. 18: 5723. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185723