extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)

Dodecanethiol capped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been independently synthesized by the well-known Brust method under the same physical-chemical conditions. The obtained NP present similar sizes ( ∼ 2 nm) but different magnetic behaviors. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure analyses at the K-edge of Ag did not reveal any noticeable structural nor topological differences among the samples. In clear contrast with the structure provided for thiol capped ferromagnetic Au NPs, the analysis also brings out the existence of Ag–S bonds in a diffuse region surrounding a reduced Ag core where the magnetism of the Ag NPs would be located.

The integral membrane enzyme particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) converts methane, the most inert hydrocarbon, to methanol under ambient conditions. The 2.8-Å resolution pMMO crystal structure revealed three metal sites: a mononuclear copper center, a dinuclear copper center, and a nonphysiological mononuclear zinc center. Although not found in the crystal structure, solution samples of pMMO also contain iron. We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to analyze the oxidation states and coordination environments of the pMMO metal centers in as-isolated (pMMOiso), chemically reduced (pMMOred), and chemically oxidized (pMMOox) samples. X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) indicate that pMMOiso contains both CuI and CuII and that the pMMO Cu centers can undergo redox chemistry. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis reveals a Cu–Cu interaction in all redox forms of the enzyme. The Cu–Cu distance increases from 2.51 to 2.65 Å upon reduction, concomitant with an increase in the average Cu–O/N bond lengths. Appropriate Cu2 model complexes were used to refine and validate the EXAFS fitting protocols for pMMOiso. Analysis of Fe EXAFS data combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra indicates that Fe, present as FeIII, is consistent with heme impurities. These findings are complementary to the crystallographic data and provide new insight into the oxidation states and possible electronic structures of the pMMO Cu ions.

Synthesis of ordered compounds with nano size is of particular interest for tuning the surface properties with enhanced activity and selectivity toward various important industrial catalytic processes. In this work, we synthesized ordered PdCu nanoparticles as highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzylamine. The Pd x Cu 1−x catalysts with different chemical compositions (x = 0, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1) were prepared by polyol method using NaBH 4 as a reducing agent and were well-characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays, and X-ray absorption fine structure. The effect of different metal concentrations of Pd and Cu on the formation of Pd x Cu 1−x nanoparticles was investigated. The XRD and TEM confirmed the formation of ordered PdCu intermetallic phase with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure for the synthetic composition of Pd/Cu = 1:1. For compositions x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1, Pd x Cu 1−x alloy with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure was observed, whereas mixed phase of BCC and FCC was observed for x = 0.4 and 0.6. The use of strong reducing agent (NaBH 4) was essential to synthesize PdCu ordered phase compared to weak reducing agents such as oleylamine and ascorbic acid. The PdCu nanocatalyst with ordered structure (BCC) showed excellent catalytic activity compared to Pd x Cu 1−x alloy nanoparticles with FCC structure. The atomic ordering in the PdCu intermetallic was the driving force for the enhancement in the catalytic activity with high benzylamine conversion of 94.0% and dibenzylimine selectivity of 92.2% compared to its monometallic and alloy counterparts. Moreover, ordered PdCu alloy showed good recyclability and activity toward the oxidation of different amines.

... This disordered sample was grown by MBE. The ordered Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 Se sample, was grown by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). ... Phys. Rev., B, 49 (1994), p. 7262. [4] J. Camacho, I. Loa, A. Cantarero, I. Hernández-Calderon and K. Syassen. Microelectron. J., 33 (2002), p. 349. ...

Lithium reaction mechanism in amorphous tin composite oxide SnB 0.6 P 0.4 O 2.9 is characterized by X-ray diffraction, 119 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure. The analysis of the experimental data concerning SnB 0.6 P 0.4 O 2.9 shows that Sn II is ...

In the context of the demonstration of the UREX (uranium extraction) process, a separation of uranium and technetium using an anion exchange resin was performed on a simulant solution containing 98.95 g/L of238U and 130.2 mg/L of99Tc. After sorption on the resin, TcO4−was eluted with NH4OH, the eluting stream was treated, and the technetium converted to Tc metal (yield=52.5%). The purity of the compound was analyzed: it contains less than 23.8 μg of238U per gram of99Tc. Tc metal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy; EXAFS analysis clearly confirms the hexagonal structure of the metal obtained after treatment. Uranium was converted to ammonium diuranate and to U3O8in a yield of 88.2%, analysis indicates that the compound contains less than 0.16 μg of99Tc per gram of ammonium diuaranate.

The first stages of nickel deposition on a clean (110) TiO2 surface were studied using surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Experiments were performed on two kinds of nickel deposits, one of 0.8 equivalent monolayers and another of 1.6 ...