Yunus

Given the need for inclusivity in a bid to curtail multidimensional poverty, hunger, and inequality (as reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 1, 2, and 10 respectively) and in the face of struggles to achieve decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) as well as responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), the main objective of our paper was to determine how microfinance institutions (MFIs) contributed to entrepreneurial successes of physically-challenged persons residing in Awka South Local Government Area (LGA), Anambra, Nigeria. A sample was drawn from the physically challenged community operating business shops and enterprises in Awka South LGA, and descriptive survey research was employed. Copies of a structured questionnaire were distributed and collected on the spot based on the exponential discriminative snowball sampling. Responses were analyzed using pie charts, frequency distributions, and percentages, while the chi-square distribution test was used to test the hypotheses. Our major findings are that, apart from access to loans, the respondents were not aware of other services rendered by microfinance institutions and that they encountered difficulties in accessing credit facilities from MFIs sequel to protocols enshrined in their banking operations. This led to the conclusion that the contributions of microfinance institutions towards the growth of enterprises owned by physically-challenged entrepreneurs in Awka South LGA was suboptimal, although some respondents had

Governance is a set of compliance principles that are now being applied to all types of companies, including non-bank financial corporations such as cooperatives. A cooperative is a national institution based on the principle of mutual cooperation that collects funds from the community and channels them back into the community. Governance has five main principles: transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness and equality. This research aims to analyze the existing good corporate governance at cooperative organizations in East Lombok, Indonesia. The results of this research show that the principle of responsibility is the most widely implemented principle by the cooperatives in East Lombok, namely 67.75%. According to the principle of fairness and equality, an average of 48% of the cooperatives have undergone fair cooperation between each existing stakeholder. Then in third place is the principle of independence, with an average of 44.25%. The findings also demonstrate that 41% of cooperatives in East Lombok operate transparently, allowing all members, administrators, supervisors, and employees to access financial and non-financial information. The lowest figure is in accountability; that is, only 35.5% of the cooperatives have clarity of the functioning of the structure, system, and responsibility in its enforcement. The results of this study show that cooperatives in East Lombok have a good corporate governance system of only 59.12%. This is not a high value, so the cooperative in East Lombok should improve the good governance of cooperatives according to its principles.

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of corporate governance on financial performance of microfinance banks in Nigeria. The data for the study were collected from 133 respondents, who were selected from ten licensed microfinance banks (MFBs) in Lagos state, This microfinance banks were chosen due to the authenticity and reliability of their records and activities having being registered, licensed and recognized by both Lagos State Government and the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed to explain the connection that exists between corporate governance and financial performance. The study established that corporate governance is a major determinant of financial performance of MFBs. This result further reflected that coefficient value of 0.777 existed between Return on Asset (ROA) and corporate governance thus, it implied that corporate governance (CG) influence financial performance of MFBs. The study concluded that corporate governance is an effective tool for enhancing performance and ensuring survival and suitability of MFBs. The study, therefore recommends that MFBs should be concerned more about the composition of board of directors, building on competence and capacity rather than qualification to ensure high quality services.

Es innegable la asociación existente entre contexto11 y pobreza (Cortés, 1992:138). Mucho se ha dicho que los determinantes de la pobreza están asociados con la educación, el balance entre necesidades y recursos del hogar, ocupación, género y contexto rural–urbano (Cortés, 1992:133). Como puede observarse, algunos determinantes de la pobreza están directamente asociados con el contexto. Éste será definido aquí como un fragmento de la estructura al que pertenece un grupo específico de población que es considerado pobre, es decir, a todos aquellos factores externos que pueden tener influencia en ellos. Por esta razón, consideramos que es imperativo enmarcar en un contexto social específico cada uno de los determinantes de la pobreza mencionados.

In Nigeria, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have gained acceptance not only as important financial institutions but they are also being recognized for their economic and social contributions in the country.However, as financial institutions, MFIs are not invulnerable to problems.Like the other organizations, MFIs confront difficulties that affect their operations as well as performance. The literature reveals that there is not only limited research but also little information on the problems encountered by MFIs.This study attempts to investigate the problems faced by MFIs in Nigeria.By using questionnaire, the data was collected from 121 MFIs.Based on the analysis of the data gathered from the MFIs, the study detected a number of significant problems faced by these institutions.

Yunus Emre, Anadolu'da Türk yazı dilinin oluşmasında çok önemli bir yeri olan, şiirlerindeki evrensel mesajlarıyla Türk edebiyatının en çok bilinen ve okunan şairlerindendir. Bize bıraktığı Divan ve Risaletü'n-Nushiyye, herkesin kendi düşüncesine göre yararlandığı ve sorularına cevap bulduğu metinlerdir. Bu yazıda Yunus'un “söz hakkındaki düşünceleri, sözün kaynağı, nasıl söylenmesi gerektiği, sözde, sözü söyleyende ve dinleyende aranan özellikler, sözün tesiri, gücü” gibi konular, şiirlerinden örneklerle değerlendirilecektir.

The general objective of this study was to assess the effects of a cooperative society on the livelihood of farmers in Ghana. The convenience and simple random sampling methods of data collection were used to select two hundred (200) out of two thousand and seventeen (2,017) farmers who were clients of the study institution, and four staff at the cooperative studied for the research. The major instruments that were used comprised a structured questionnaire in both cases and an interview schedule for only those farmers who were unable to read.  The data collected were analysed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution’ version 20 (SPSS) and Microsoft excel. The findings from the research indicate that services of the cooperative have led to significant improvements in the livelihood of the farmers. The conclusion reached was that the farmers were empowered by loans which enabled them acquire farms inputs, implements and other forms of assets. On the basis of these findings, ...

A teeming set of doctors that graduated from various universities within and outside Nigeria with the hope of practicing in the country, has their hope shattered because of poor financing, lack of medical equipments and a very weak healthcare systems. Such hydra headed challenges, allows room for quackery which increasingly contributes to the cause of mortality in Nigeria. With a view of reversing the challenges of healthcare delivery and financing in Nigeria, African Health Market for Equity (AHME), a project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation [With contribution from Department For International Development (DFID)] and currently implemented in three African Countries (Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana) over a Five (5) year period supports the healthcare sector via Medical credit fund (MCF). The study examines the impact of credit policy and medical credit funding on Nigerian health market. Ordinary least square analysis, correlation and granger causality tests were employed to ...

The study investigated effectiveness of microfinance banks in the delivery of credit to entrepreneurs for poverty reduction in Ekiti State. The design adopted for the study is descriptive research of survey type. The population of the study consisted of 381 owners of registered small and medium business in Ekiti State. The whole population was used for the study therefore no sampling was done. A self-design questionnaire on 5-point scale was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by two experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.72. Data collected were analyzed using mean. Finding of study revealed that microfinance banks are effective in the use of their credit to improve the living standard of entrepreneurs. The study recommended among other things that the capital base of microfinance banks should be increased to enable them grant more credit to prospective entrepreneurs in o...

The study derives from the notion that small enterprises (SEs) could be the drivers of the Zimbabwean economy, after many large companies have either closed down or downsized in the past two decades. This study also constitutes the third phase of the research aimed at examining how the financial performance of small firms can be influenced by microfinance services offered by MFIs. The purpose of the current study is to determine if there is any change to SEs’ financial performance after acquiring microfinance from MFIs. The research employed both the quantitative and qualitative designs, whereby the population for the study comprised the many SEs in and around Harare Central Business District. The researchers purposively sampled twenty SEs from each sector from within the population of SEs operating in Harare on condition that: (1) the SE had obtained microfinance from an MFI and is currently indebted to at least one MFI, (2) The SE meets the operational definition of an SE; that is...

This article examines the Nigerian experiments of attempting to modernize indigenous savings and credit associations and of linking them to commercial banks. In a first part historical forms of self-help organizations are presented in a comparative perspective as they emerged in Germany. In a second part the various experiments in Nigeria during the last sixty years are presented. The article comes to the concluding observation that until today in Nigeria only the traditional esusu-type self-help organizations offered at least some opportunities for risk management, while cooperatives and banks largely failed in that respect.

The purpose of this article is to show that in Jeremiah 26 there is a ladder repetition of the phrase "the LORD regret." Because if you pay special attention, very few interpreters find repetition that occurs three times in Jeremiah 26 verses 3, 13 and 19 regarding the phrase "the LORD regret". Using the sub-hermeneutic leatherative method: Exegesis, this article finds the meaning of the use of repetition of the phrase "The LORD regret" in Jeremiah 26:3, 13 and 19 mentioned by three different subjects "I regret (the LORD)", "The LORD regrets (Jeremiah)," "The LORD regret (the leaders of the nation)." First, the way the LORD conveyed His prophecy by showing an emotional expression (anthropomorphism) because of the sinfulness of the nation of Judah. Secondly, the prophet Jeremiah showed himself to be a true prophet and gave an affirmation of responsiveness for the LORD to cancel His punishment on the nation of Judah. Thirdly,...

This article undertakes a critique of social return on investment (SROI), combining the existing research literature with an analysis of six case studies of supported social enterprises employing people with disabilities and other challenges that affect their access to the conventional labor market. The critique of SROI focuses on its positivist roots and its emphasis on one number, the SROI ratio. It also discusses the technical challenges in producing that number, including concerns about its reliability. The article presents the stakeholder impact statement, an approach that is rooted in interpretivism and attempts to understand the impact of enterprises through the eyes of multiple stakeholders. Unlike SROI, which is a supplement to conventional accounting statements, the stakeholder impact statement integrates financial and social impact data, thereby placing them on the same level of importance.

Abstract: The prophet Jonah is a typology of Jesus Christ himself as Jesus revealed to the Pharisees. Therefore there are some similarities between Jonah and Jesus but there are also differences where Jesus is the antitype of Jonah. Through a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method, this paper aims to study the typology of the event that Jonah stayed in the belly of a fish for three days as a type in the Old Testament which describes the event of the fulfillment of the prophecy of the redemption of Jesus Christ as an antitype in the New Testament. The conclusion of this study is that Jonah was in the belly of a huge fish for three days, which is a picture of Jesus to state the events of His death for three days in the heart of the earth. From the perspective of language equivalent Yunus is a typology that functions as an antitype to Jesus, where Jonah did not actually die physically but Jesus actually died physically and then came back to life, Yunus is a pro...

Dinamisme adalah kepercayaan (anggapan) tentang adanya kekuatan yang terdapat pada berbagai barang, baik yang hidup (manusia, binatang, dan tumbuh-tumbuhan), atau yang mati. Dosa adalah perbuatan yang melanggar hukum Tuhan atau agama. Firman  Tuhan  sejak  awal  dalam  Perjanjian  Lama  dan  menembus  ke  Perjanjian  Baru  menolak  seluruh praktek  dinamisme. Allah selalu menunjukkan kepada umatNya, betapa Dia tidak ingin kekudusan-Nya diremehkan dan dilanggar. Keadilan-Nya menuntut adanya teguran keras, bahkan hukuman. Bagaimanapun, kasih-Nya tidak pernah gagal mengiringi keadilan itu. Dia selalu siap memberikan pengampunan, tetapi atas dasar pertobatan. Kasih-Nya dibungkus dengan kebenaran. Tidak ada anugerah murahan yang memberi keleluasan bagi seseorang untuk berkanjang dalam dosa. Karya ilmiah ini berfokus pada dosa yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan praktek dinamisme. Di dalam karya ilmiah ini dipaparkan esensi dosa dan dinamisme berdasarkan kajian teologis.

Minggu ini kita memasuki Minggu Keempatbelas Setelah Trinitatis. Tema yang akan kita renungkan adalah "Allah Berkenan kepada Pertobatan Orang Fasik". Tema ini dilatarbelakangi situasi sulit yang dihadapi oleh umat Israel pada saat itu. Mereka telah melakukan banyak dosa dan mendekati hukuman Allah. Nabi Yehezkiel ditugaskan oleh Allah untuk menjadi penjaga atau "pengawal" bagi umat Israel, yang bertanggung jawab untuk memberi tahu mereka tentang bahaya yang mengancam mereka dan memanggil mereka untuk bertobat.

The study investigated the impact of cooperative society in improving small and medium scale enterprise in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The empirical investigation made use of Descriptive and Linear Regression Analysis. The study employed Small and Medium Enterprise (SME's) as Dependent variable, and Loan extension, Financial Regulation and Cooperative Society as Independent Variables. The finding revealed that there is a positive relationship between loan extension, Cooperative Society, and the growth of SME's, but a negative relation between Financial Regulation and the SME's. The study recommended that the government should relax its financial regulations against the SME's in terms of having access to loans at a less stringent condition in order to boost the enterprise.

The study investigated the relationship between encouragement of savings habit by microfinance banks and poverty alleviation through enhanced financial literacy among the people of Cross River State, Nigeria. One null hypothesis was formulated in the study. Through the survey research design, data were collected from 572 randomly selected respondents. The data were statistically analyzed using chi-square test statistic at 0.01 significant level. The result showed a significant association exist between encouragement of savings habit by microfinance banks and poverty alleviation through enhanced financial literacy among the people of Cross River State. The study recommended that customers/clients of microfinance banks should be encouraged to save to acquire assets and also, microfinance banks should embark on agents banking using merchants to penetrate the rural areas. Equally, microfinance banks should introduce community banking in the rural areas supervised by community head or the chief to enable the people to save. It was also recommended that microfinance banks should use their agents and go to the grassroots and interact with the people in their native language about the need to operate a bank through which they can save their money.

Guna memahami konsep teologi Paulus, perlu sekali untuk mempelajari latar belakang kehidupannya. Melalui pemaparan tentang latar belakang kehidupan Paulus, dapat ditarik implikasi bagi pelayan Tuhan pada masa kini, baik yang aktif melayani di organisasi gereja, bidang misi, maupun di sekolah. bagaimana latar belakang kehidupan rasul Paulus dari sebelum dan sesudah ia bertobat?  Apa dan bagaimana pelayanan rasul Paulus setelah ia bertobat dan bagaimana masa akhir hidupnya serta bagaimana implikasi dari latar belakang kehidupan dan pelayanan Paulus bagi pelayan Tuhan saat ini? Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode kualitatif-deskriptif. Dalam pembahasannya, penulis memaparkan tentang latar belakang kehidupan Paulus yang mencakup masa kelahiran Paulus, masa remaja Paulus, keluarga Paulus (termasuk status pernikahan Paulus), dan pelayanan Paulus sebelum ia bertobat, kisah pertobatan Paulus, pelayanan Paulus yang mana perjalanan misinya. Implikasi latar...

This study examined the impact of rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA) on the performance of micro small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra State: a case of Idemili South and Aguata Local Government Area. The study employed the Transaction Cost Theory to explain the relationship between ROSCA and the performance of MSMEs in Anambra State. A sample of 400 ROSCAs members were drawn from both local governments using purposive random sampling. Data were analysed using frequency, percentages and binary logit regression analysis for inferential statistics. The result of findings revealed that membership of ROSCA has the likelihood of 642.3 percent (7.423 odd ratio) to improve MSMEs performance in Anambra state. In addition, the study showed that access to credit from formal financial organisation has the potential (not significant) likelihood of 93.2 percent to reduce MSMEs performance in Anambra state. Finally, the result of findings showed that access to government special intervention funds for MSMEs has the potential (non-significant) likelihood of 62.6 percent to improve MSMEs performance in Anambra state. Based on research findings, the study made the following recommendations among others: Government and its financial regulatory agency should adopt policy that will integrate ROSCAs with formal financial institutions rather than seeking to eliminate them.

Microfinance banks in most world economies are dominant as financial institutions providing loans to business owners compared to any other financial institution. However, credit provision requires due attention as credit risk management is one of the critical aspects and challenges faced by microfinance banks. This study examines the role of credit risk management on loan performance in microfinance banks in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design and data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling technique was adopted, and a sample size of two hundred respondents was drawn from the selected banks in Ota. Data were analysed through the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), and linear regression was used as a statistical tool for analysis (R=.455; R 2 =.207 and R Adj.=.202). From the results above, the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between credit risk evaluation and loan performance...

In an attempt at validating the notion of whether women access to microfinance enhances their empowerment necessitated this study. Mainly, it focuses on three dimensions of empowerment: access to microfinance, economic empowerment and social empowerment among women in Ibadan metropolis of Oyo state, Nigeria. Ability to gain entrance to micro finance Bank’s (MFB) products mirrored access to the institution; economic empowerment is mirrored by income, asset ownership, investment and productivity. Social empowerment also mirrored women self-confidence, decision making, authority and discrimination; while credit is used as proxied for Micro finance bank. The study sampling of two hundred and fifty (250) was determined using the purposive non-probability sampling. This was analyzed using the Pearson (r) correlation analysis technique to test the level of association with 0.05 percent level of significance. The statistical packages for Social Sciences (SPSS v23) served as the tool of esti...

This study explores the impact of the women fund for economic empowerment on socioeconomic development of women in Enugu state. It was hypothesized that there was no significance relationship between the financial assistance received by the women and their economic growth. Purposively, copies of the questionnaire were administered on 50 women members of cooperative societies in Enugu State. T-test was applied in analyzing the hypothesis formulated. This statistical tool helped the researcher to determine the influence of the dependent variable on independent variable. The result is not significant. The data are consistent with the null hypothesis. The women fund for economic empowerment has not made significant impact on women socioeconomic development as calculated p-value is greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). The researchers recommend, among others that Federal Government should allocate enough financial resources that can address the financial request of the applicants.

La pandemia incrementó la pobreza a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, no se tiene claridad sobre los mecanismos de afectación en sus determinantes. En el presente artículo se estudia este problema utilizando un modelo probabilístico de la pobreza extendido con variables de incidencia de la pandemia, y aplicando una regresión logística a nivel de hogar. Para el caso de Ecuador se utiliza las rondas de diciembre de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Subempleo y Desempleo (ENEMDU) de 2019 y 2020, el registro administrativo del reporte epidemiológico de Covid-19 y el registro administrativo de defunciones. Los resultados muestran que los canales de impacto de la pandemia en pobreza se dieron a través de la brecha de género y la estructura del mercado laboral.

Risk management in Indonesia’s cooperative organizations is still rarely implemented, cooperative management must be aided by good cooperative governance and the end objectives are the success and sustainability of the cooperative. The purpose of this study is to implement and identify risk management, especially in savings and loan cooperatives, and the final part of the study is to test and prove empirically the direct and indirect effects of the implementation of risk management on good cooperative governance and the success of the cooperative. The research method used in this study was a descriptive quantitative analysis. Saturation sampling techniques were also used in this study; while the size of the population was 73 persons, consisting of various cooperatives’ boards of directors, supervisors, managers, and administrators. The primary data needed in this study were obtained by using a survey method which involved questionnaires and conducting structured interviews. This stu...

Makna frase “TUHAN menyesal” adalah salah satu tema yang paling diabaikan dalam keilmuan alkitabiah. Artikel ini memperhatikan terdapat pola yang sama mengenai frase “TUHAN menyesal” dalam kitab Nabi-nabi yaitu Allah memilih kasih karunia daripada penghakiman kepada umat-Nya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis tematik dengan prosedur analisa kata untuk mengetahui makna pada dasarnya. Artikel ini menemukan ada satu ide yang sama, yaitu TUHAN akan membatalkan setiap hukuman-Nya. Pembatalan yang TUHAN lakukan ada perbedaan dari setiap teksnya. Pertama, Yeremia 18:8 pembatalan dilakukan membutuhkan ketaatan determinatif Yehuda dan kedaulatan responsif-Nya akan terjadi. Kedua, Yoel 2:13 TUHAN bebas berubah pikiran untuk menarik kembali perkataan-Nya dengan kata penghubung waw yaitu menegaskan sifat-Nya; penyayang, pengasih, setia, berlimpah kasih dan panjang sabar. Ketiga, Amos 7:3 penggunaan bahasa anthropomorfisme yaitu TUHAN memiliki perasaan yang ditekankan kesedihan akibat dosa, s...

El microcrédito, aunque se ha revelado como una herramienta estratégica para sacar de la pobreza a millones de personas de los países del Sur, también ha demostrado su eficacia en los países del Norte, donde miles de personas en situación o riesgo de exclusión social no tienen acceso al crédito por carencia de garantías o avales. Tal y como expresa a menudo el profesor Yunus, el movimiento del microcrédito, desarrollado en torno al dinero, en el fondo no tiene nada que ver con el dinero. Tiene que ver con el apoyo a las personas para que puedan desarrollar su potencial. No tiene que ver tan sólo con el capital económico, sino con el capital humano en el sentido de que el dinero es simplemente una herramienta que puede convertir algunos sueños en realidad y dotar a las personas más desafortunadas y pobres del planeta de dignidad, respeto y sentido a sus vidas. La presente publicación se enmarca en el contexto de las microfinanzas orientadas al autoempleo en Cataluña y centra la atención en el proceso de asesoramiento para el autoempleo, es decir, en el conjunto de actividades y de dinámicas orientadas a la creación de un negocio.

With GDP growth rate of 8.99% agriculture, contributes 24% to the Nation’s GDP while the entrepreneurial sector contributes 47%, improving the economic base through agri-preneurship is achievable. The study thus examines, ‘the intermediatory role of Microfinancing, creating sustainability and enhancing agri-preneurship in developing countries’ through a descriptive survey, with questionnaire administered to 80 purposively selected long-time microfinance banks from 2 geo-political zones. Findings indicated that microfinance banks are closer to the grassroot, yet its financial inclusion does not embrace agriculture; very sparse microfinance presence in rural areas, and agro-policy of micro-finance banks should be all-inclusive. Persistent inflation affects the value of loan (Mean 3.1667); Relationship exists between microfinancing and customer growth with 62.3% correlation which is significant at 5% level. Equally, a positive relationship subsists between microfinancing and agri...