Topological Insulator

It is shown that a charge-neutral spin-1 exciton, possibly realizable only in planar systems like graphene and topological insulators, can be effectively used for controlled spin transport in such media. The effect of quantum and thermal fluctuations yield a parametric excitation threshold for its realization. This planar exciton differs from the conventional ones, as it owes its existence to the topological Chern-Simons (CS) term. The parity and time-reversal violating CS term can arise from quantum effects in systems with parity-breaking mass-gap. The spinning exciton naturally couples to magnetic field, leading to the possibility of controlled spin transport. Being neutral, it is immune to a host of effect, which afflicts spin transport through charged fermions.

The optical reflectivity of Pb_0.865Sn_0.135Se and Pb_0.75Sn_0.25Se solid solutions was measured in the THz spectral region energetically corresponding to bulk optical phonon excitations and in the temperature range from 40 K to 280 K. The analysis of Pb_0.75Sn_0.25Se data performed within the dynamic dielectric function formalism revealed a new effect due to the electron-phonon coupling resulting in resonant changes of LO phonon frequency for energy gap equal to zero or to LO phonon energy. This effect is absent for Pb_0.865Sn_0.135Se that exhibits an open energy gap with trivial band ordering at all temperatures. These results show that reflectivity in the THz range constitute a versatile experimental method for precise determination of band inversion in narrow-gap topological materials. For Pb_0.75Sn_0.25Se the transition from trivial insulator to topological crystalline insulator phase takes place at temperature T_0 = (172 ± 2) K.

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We succeeded in the fabrication of topological insulator (Bi0.57Sb0.43)2Te3 Hall bars as well as nanoribbons by means of selective-area growth using molecular beam epitaxy. By performing magnetotransport measurements at low temperatures information on the phase-coherence of the electrons is gained by analyzing the weak-antilocalization effect. Furthermore, from measurements on nanoribbons at different magnetic field tilt angles an angular dependence of the phase-coherence length is extracted, which is attributed to transport anisotropy and geometrical factors. For the nanoribbon structures universal conductance fluctuations were observed. By performing a Fourier transform of the fluctuation pattern a series of distinct phase-coherent closed-loop trajectories are identified. The corresponding enclosed areas can be explained in terms of nanoribbon dimensions and phase-coherence length. In addition, from measurements at different magnetic field tilt angles we can deduce that the area e...

A topologically ordered material is characterized by a rare quantum organization of electrons that evades the conventional spontaneously broken symmetry–based classification of condensed matter. Exotic spin-transport phenomena, such as the dissipationless quantum spin Hall effect, have been speculated to originate from a topological order whose identification requires a spin-sensitive measurement, which does not exist to this date in any system. Using Mott polarimetry, we probed the spin degrees of freedom and demonstrated that topological quantum numbers are completely determined from spin texture–imaging measurements. Applying this method to Sb and Bi 1–x Sb x , we identified the origin of its topological order and unusual chiral properties. These results taken together constitute the first observation of surface electrons collectively carrying a topological quantum Berry's phase and definite spin chirality, which are the key electronic properties component for realizing topol...