Survelliance

We propose a practical analytical framework which can help government agencies determine an optimal surveillance strategy for invasive weeds, including cases of slow-growing or ‘sleeper weeds', and for all weeds at early stages of invasion where quantitative information is scant or rough. The framework consists of three key components: (a) a simple rule that can determine weed surveillance zones or where early detection is desirable, (b) a function that maps surveillance effort to early detection probability, and (c) a schedule to determine an optimal surveillance budget. A calibration to Hawkweed in Australia provides an example of the framework and shows that the optimal annual surveillance budget for this sleeper weed is substantial.

This article critically examines the role new media can play in the political engagement of young people in Australia. Moving away from “deficit” descriptions, which assert low levels of political engagement among young people, it argues two major points. First, that there is a well-established model of contemporary political mobilisation that employs both new media and large data analysis that can and have been effectively applied to young people in electoral and non-electoral contexts. Second, that new media, and particularly social media, are not democratic by nature. Their general use and adoption by young and older people do not necessarily cultivate democratic values. This is primarily due to the type of participation afforded in the emerging “surveillance economy”. The article argues that a focus on scale as drivers of influence, the underlying foundation of their affordances based on algorithms, and the centralised editorial control of these platforms make them highly participative, but unequal sites for political socialisation and practice. Thus, recent examples of youth mobilisation, such as seen in recent climate justice movements, should be seen through the lens of cycles of contestation, rather than as technologically determined.

Örgütsel gözetleme kâr amacı güden işletmelerde, gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte bir izleme faaliyetine dönüşürken eğitim kurumlarında daha çok performansın ve davranışın üst tarafından farklı yol ve yöntemlerle sürekli kontrolünü ve takibini içeren faaliyetler şeklinde kendini göstermektedir. Öğretimin izlenmesi literatürde yaygın olan bir kavram olsa da öğretmenin gözetlenmesi yeni bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada, ortaokul öğretmenlerinin okullarda “gözetleme” faaliyetlerinin ne düzeyde ve ne gibi amaçlarla gerçekleştiğine yönelik görüşlerinin tespit edilmesi ve bu görüşler doğrultusunda okullarda gözetleme faaliyetlerinin boyutlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaca uygun olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanılması uygun görülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Gözetleme faaliyetlerindeki çeşitli durumları temsil eden faktörlerin okul başarısı ve okul büyüklüğü olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu düşünce ile İzmir ili Buca ilçesinde bulunan ortaokulların 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılı TEOG başarı sıralamaları ile öğrenci sayıları eşleştirilerek, Üst Başarı Grubu – Büyük Okul; Üst Başarı Grubu – Küçük Okul; Alt Başarı Grubu – Büyük Okul; Alt Başarı Grubu – Küçük Okul grupları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma her bir gruptan bir okul olmak üzere toplam dört okulda her okuldan dört öğretmen görüşüne dayandırılarak toplam 16 kişi ile yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler 4- 12 Mayıs 2015 tarihleri arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Elde edilen notlar aslına sadık kalınarak önce Microsoft Office Word’ e akratılmış, daha sonra Maxqda 11.0 nitel veri analizi programında incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda gözetleme faaliyetlerini açıklayan “gözetlemenin amaçları”, “gözetleme faaliyetini yapanlar”, “gözetleme metotları”, “gözetleme faaliyetlerinin etkileri” ve “gözetlemeye ihtiyaç olmaması” şeklinde 5 ana temaya ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar beş tema üzerindeki değerlendirmeler çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Organizational surveillance turns into a monitoring activity with the developing technology in the profit-oriented institiutions whereas it is observed as a set of controlling and checking activities of the top management for educational institutions. It is common to monitor the instruction in the literature, but monitoring teachers is a new concept in the field. This study aims to find out secondary school teachers’ opinions concerning the levels of surveillance activities at schools and the purposes of such activities and so to understand the dimensions of surveillance activities at schools. This is a study with a qualitative design which is appropriate for the objectives of the study. The study group was determined according to the maximum variation sampling technique. It was thought that the variation cases that could be influential on surveillance activities are school achievement and school size. With this in mind, all the secondary schools in Buca in Izmir were listed and matched according to their achievements in 2013-2014 TEOG Test and the number of the students studying at these schools and accordingly four groups were formed: crowded schools with high achievement, small schools with high achievement, crowded schools with low achievement and small school with low achievement. Four schools from each group and four teachers from each school were included in the study. So, the data were collected via interviews with 16 teachers in total. First, the data were transferred to the digital platform as a word document and the analysis were done with the help of Maxqda 11.0 software. The findings have revealed that there are five main themes explaining the surveillance activities at schools: “the motivation behind surveillance”, “surveillants”, “surveillance methods”, “ the effects of surveillance activities” and “the need for surveillance”. The results were discussed in terms of these five themes.

This article discusses street mirrors or 'gossip mirrors', in terms of urban social relations and surveillance. Street mirrors were introduced to coastal towns in Sweden and Finland in the 18th and early 19th centuries and may still be found in well-preserved towns with historic wooden centres. The authors argue that the introduction of monitoring and spying devices, such as street mirrors, occurred in the 18th century due to increased urban populations and feelings of insecurity caused by greater regional and transnational mobility. Mirrors, in this sense, were one material mechanism in the process of modernization and the development of individuality.