Stretcher

Self Portrait at an Easel (1660) was examined in the
laboratory in 2007. This study revealed that the work had retained
its original format and that it was probably painted while stretched
inside a wooden frame. This stretcher, and not a wooden panel, is
depicted on the right of the painting: Rembrandt thus portrayed
himself in the act of painting. The pigments seen on the palette
were analysed using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction: these
pigments, as well as a black pigment, were the only ones used by
the artist for this painting. A paint sample was taken to make a
stratigraphic study of the paint layers.

In this project we propose a design of wheelchair whose backrest and a footrest can be controlled through a switch by the patient which will convert the wheel chair into a stretcher. This helps the patient to rest without getting shifted to a bed. This will also eliminates the efforts of assistant required for handling of handicap patients by providing an arrangement of desk with wheelchair .An arrangement of alarm will provide to make alert the persons nearby if the patient needs any help. We went through a number of designs before arriving on the final design. Our requirement of motion could be achieved either with the help of belt and pulley arrangement or through gear transmission. Belt and pulley arrangement was avoided because of the high speed reduction and the factors like slip and weight involved. The purpose of locking also could not be addressed easily in this arrangement. The idea of spur gear transmission was also eliminated because the requirement of high torque, self-locking could not be satisfied. Also, this arrangement demanded two separate motors. Considering the above mentioned shortcomings, Worm and Worm wheel arrangement was selected. The advantage of this drive was it provided self-locking, since the motion is transmitted only from the worm to the worm wheel and not the other way round. The arrangement was compact too. Chain and sprocket arrangement has been used for transmitting the motion provided by the motor through Worm and Worm wheel arrangement. Another advantage is, it provides high speed reduction.

In this project we propose a design of wheelchair whose backrest and a footrest can be controlled through a switch by the patient which will convert the wheel chair into a stretcher. This helps the patient to rest without getting shifted to a bed. This will also eliminates the efforts of assistant required for handling of handicap patients by providing an arrangement of desk with wheelchair. We went through a number of designs before arriving on the final design. Our requirement of motion could be achieved either with the help of belt and pulley arrangement or through gear transmission. Belt and pulley arrangement was avoided because of the high speed reduction and the factors like slip and weight involved. The purpose of locking also could not be addressed easily in this arrangement. The idea of spur gear transmission was also eliminated because the requirement of high torque, self-locking could not be satisfied. Also, this arrangement demanded two separate motors. Considering the above mentioned shortcomings, Worm and Worm wheel arrangement was selected. The advantage of this drive was it provided self-locking, since the motion is transmitted only from the worm to the worm wheel and not the other way round. The arrangement was compact too. Chain and sprocket arrangement has been used for transmitting the motion provided by the motor through Worm and Worm wheel arrangement. Another advantage is, it provides high speed reduction.

Aim: Stretchers are frequently used to transport patients in the emergency department. Safety and comfort of the stretcher are
important factors for the staff and patients. The present study investigated the effect of stretcher type on patient safety and treatment in
an emergency department.
Materials and methods: Doctors, nurses, interns, emergency medical technicians, and patient caregivers at the Abant İzzet Baysal
University Medical Faculty Hospital emergency department completed a questionnaire on stretcher safety and comfort. Six stretchers
were classical (group A), 6 had new technological specifications (group B), and 6 stretchers in group C were similar to those in group B
in terms of technological specifications but were more expensive.
Results: A total of 139 questionnaires were completed between 15 January and 29 February 2012 (group A: 42; group B: 66; group C:
31). We found statistically significant differences in ratings between group A and groups B and C (P < 0.05); however, no significant
difference was found between groups B and C (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The safety and comfort of stretchers with satisfactory ergonomics and moderate cost are similar to those of higher-priced
stretchers.

Within the team for vertical rescue technicians we usually find a long list of individual protection devices (DPI or PPE) for heights that are finally used together to make access and extraction systems for victims and operators in a rescue scenario. However, it is a fact that not all the tools used do not belong exclusively to the category of PPE since there are more regulations and reference standards for their approval, as well as a series of utensils that do not find a home in any of the above and because of this, they finally do not have any visible certification. This scenario that could seem confusing or complicated, in fact it is not if such regulations and reference standards are known and taken into account, which due to their prevalence worldwide, are usually the documents published by the European Parliament or by the CEN of the same region. One of the most common accessories in rescue operations is the stretcher for the transfer of patients, which will be the main argument of this article, in terms of currently the reference standards for its manufacture, as well as the certifications that these equipment must to report either in engraving or in their technical file, they are not well known to the public.