Stove

It is important to increase the use of biofuels for residential heating in order to decrease the use of fossil fuels and their impact on global warming. The smoke from the combustion of biomass contains a large number of compounds, which to varying degrees can affect the ...

Wood pellets as low-emitting residential biofuel MARIA OLSSON Department of Chemical Environmental Science CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ... Wood pellets as low-emitting residential biofuel MARIA OLSSON Department of Chemical Environmental Science ...

Monitoring improved cookstove adoption and usage in developing countries can help anticipate potential health and environmental benefits that may result from household energy interventions. This study explores stove usage monitor (SUM)-derived usage data from field studies in China (52 stoves, 1422 monitoring days), Honduras (270 stoves, 630 monitoring days), India (19 stoves, 565 monitoring days), and Uganda (38 stoves, 1007 monitoring days). Traditional stove usage was found to be generally similar among four seemingly disparate countries in terms of cooking habits, with average usage of between 171 and 257 minutes per day for the most-used stoves. In Honduras, where survey-based usage data were also collected, there was only modest agreement between sensor data and self-reported user data. For Indian homes, we combined stove-usage data with a single-zone Monte Carlo box model to estimate kitchen-level PM2.5 and CO concentrations under various scenarios of cleaner cookstove adoption. We defined clean cookstove performance based on the International Standards Organization (ISO) voluntary guidelines. Model results showed that even with 75% displacement of traditional stoves with the cleanest available stove (ISO tier-5), World Health Organization 24h PM2.5 standards were exceeded in 96.4% of model runs, underscoring the importance of full displacement.

In India, Silk industry plays an important part in textile industry. Muga silk, the golden yellow silk is quite unique to Assam, North-east India where its production is regarded as an important tool for economic development. But, outdated manufacturing technology is followed during the silk production in Assam. The existing cooking process of silk cocoons consists of boiling of silk cocoons in a stainless steel vessel along with water and soda in an open fireplace which is highly energy inefficient. Therefore, two modified systems have been designed; one having cylindrical boiling chamber (vessel) and the other having spherical boiling chamber (vessel). Both the chambers are having a cocoon heating chamber associated with them for cooking and drying of silk cocoons simultaneously. These designs are further classified into two types of designs based on channel and nozzle type combustion chambers. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to improve the existing designs to maxim...

In India, Silk industry plays an important part in textile industry. Muga silk, the golden yellow silk is quite unique to Assam, North-east India where its production is regarded as an important tool for economic development. But, outdated manufacturing technology is followed during the silk production in Assam. The existing cooking process of silk cocoons consists of boiling of silk cocoons in a stainless steel vessel along with water and soda in an open fireplace which is highly energy inefficient. Therefore, two modified systems have been designed; one having cylindrical boiling chamber (vessel) and the other having spherical boiling chamber (vessel). Both the chambers are having a cocoon heating chamber associated with them for cooking and drying of silk cocoons simultaneously. These designs are further classified into two types of designs based on channel and nozzle type combustion chambers. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to improve the existing designs to maxim...

What is the scope and responsibilities of design? This work partially answers this by employing a normative approach to design of a biomass cook stove. This study debates on the sufficiency of existing design methodologies in the light of a capability approach. A case study of a biomass cook stove Astra Ole has elaborated the theoretical constructs of capability approach, which, in turn, has structured insights from field to evaluate the product. Capability approach based methodology is also prescriptively used to design the mould for rapid dissemination of the Astra Ole.

ABSTRACT: Gaseous and particulate emissions from a residential pellet boiler and a stove are measured at a realistic 6-day operation sequence and during steady state operation. The aim is to characterize the emissions during each phase in order to identify when the ...

The characterisation of raw vegetable oils of neem and jatropha curcas seeds was experimentally carried out in order to obtain requisite data for the design process of liquid bio fuels cooking stoves. Properties of nineteen vegetable oils/kerosene blends including the kerosene sample were also experimentally determined for the purpose of testing the designed and developed bio stoves that utilised these fuel/oils blends as fuels. Results of the characterisation revealed that the kinematic viscosity of jatropha oil (57.6 mm 2 /s) was 36 times more than the viscosity of the kerosene sample (1.6 mm 2 /s). On the other hand, the viscosity of neem oil (62.6 mm 2 /s) was 39 times greater than that of the kerosene sample. In addition, the density of jatropha curcas oil (860 kg/m 3 ) was more than that of the kerosene (760 kg/m 3 ) by 13.16%, while the density of neem oil (890 kg/m 3 ) exceeded that of kerosene sample by 17.11%; all the tests were conducted at 30 o C. Meanwhile, the acid num...

It has not been many years since a majority of Bhutanese were cooking with firewood as their fuel source. However, over the years the fuel mix has been changing and depicting increasing share of clean fuel such as electricity (hydropower generation) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Subsequently there is a massive opportunity to switch into modern, clean and efficient cooking technologies such as induction cooktops and reduce the overall fuel/wood consumption. Induction cooktop is a fairly new concept in the country; therefore, users are often sceptical about investing in them due to lack of awareness on the cost-benefit analysis. Various criteria are available for evaluation but often not all the information required is available to the customer to come to a final decision. An understanding of end users’ energy use pattern is important for energy management. Therefore, this paper will analyse the current energy use pattern for domestic rural and urban households for cooking, and p...

Many cookstove programmes implemented around the world aimed to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions through the dissemination and adoption of improved cookstoves. A study was carried out for the design of wood-burning cookstoves for low-income households in South Africa by employing user-centred design and co-design/co-creation approaches. Six designed variants of the biomass stove were constructed. Water-heating and emissions tests, using black wattle wood, were conducted to evaluate them for thermal and emissions performance. The large hopper stove with two secondary air inlets ranked highest, with best performance regarding thermal and emissions parameters. It outperformed the small hopper stove in time to boil, heat flux and firepower, although the latter had higher thermal efficiency values. Fuel consumption rates were high in large hopper stoves compared with small hopper stoves, resulting in increased firepower. The experimental work showed the need for iterative ...

In this study, interviewer-based questionnaires of 67 variables were administered to local fabricators and end-users of single-pot biomass stoves (SPBS) in Ghana. Additionally, two randomly selected traditional and improved SPBS were lab-tested using standard performance metrics. From the study, the relationship between fabricators and end-users was conceptualized based on selected indicators and assumptions. The study results indicated that the primary design resources for fabrication were patterns and templates, and that major challenges to fabrication were lack of training in design principles, standards and safety, poor emission efficiency and financial sustainability. Whereas end-users of improved SPBS were less affected by heat and smoke, end-users of traditional SPBS were mostly affected. From hypothesis test, because the calculated χ2cal = 24.05, and is greater than the tabulated χ2crit = 3.841, it is concluded that there is a relationship between heat, smoke effect and gend...

Recently, the use of coal briquette has already been socialized to substitute the role of oil and firewood in the household and small industries. In general the use of coal briquette burning stoves for household and small industries purposes is often conducted indoors, with inadequate ventilation. Yet knowledge of emissions from coal briquette burning stoves and how to evaluate emission and expo- sure levels are very limited and need to be developed. Study of indoor air pollution was undertaken to evaluate SO 2 , CO and NO x concentrations and its exposure potentials coming from the utilization of coal briquette for household and small industries purposes. Its results were compared to the charcoal burning process. To estimate the indoor concentration and exposure potential, the single-compart- ment mass balance model was used. Results show that the total amounts of hourly emitted SO2, CO and NOx for 1 kg coal briquette burning vary from 5.32-14.71 mg kg -1 ; 2.76-12.54 mg kg -1 and ...

Carbon monoxide is very poisonous and spreading rapidly in air, while using three stone open fire food cooking utmost in all parts of rural area. However, the carbon monoxide is very harmful to human being that resulted the severe diseases, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer etc. By considering this fact a clean burning and fuel-efficient cooking stove, is designed and develop at Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BiT), Bahir Dar, which uses mainly eucalyptus and other wood as a fuel. The present paper aims to reduce the requirement of firewood consumption and emission of carbon monoxide of the traditional three stone open fire stove (TSOFS) by replacing an improved double skirt rocket stove (IDSRS) at institutional cooking kitchen. Each part of the stove is designed based on Aprovecho research center design criteria. The emission of carbon monoxide and particulate matters are recorded by digital indoor air pollution (IAP) meter and results are presented....

Wood and charcoal are the frontier energy sources in developing countries mainly for heating and cooking. However, the achievable efficiency of woodstove is limited due to the poor combustion characteristics of wood in its natural form; and production of charcoal on the other hand dissipates major portion of the primary energy on the kiln site as smoke. Hence, this paper assesses the likelihood of integrating charcoal making with cooking in a charcoal making stove to enhance energy efficiency by attaining better control over combustion and increasing energy availability for end use. The scenario was demonstrated by using a Top-Lit UpDraft natural draft (TLUD-ND) gasifier stove which employs flaming pyrolysis that generates and combusts wood-gas for cooking and then recovers charcoal as a byproduct. Through standard procedures of Water Boiling Test (WBT) and proximate analysis, the average values of cooking efficiency and energy recovery in charcoal were found to be 18.05