Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

The psychosocial impact of domestic violence with reference to the outbreak of COVID19 and the subsequent lockdown has increased anxiety and fear among women in India. A growing body of researches that has emerged during recent years across the world reveals that domestic violence is detrimental to women's health including their very survival. Similarly, past studies on impact of public health problems on women indicate that unequal gender relations and lack of control of women over their own bodies and lives make them more vulnerable to contracting the infection. This paper is based on a qualitative analysis of print, electronic and social media data, experiences of earlier researches and observations. It examines and highlights rise in cases of domestic violence faced by Indian women during the lockdown period from a social norm lens, its psychosocial impact on them and discusses possible measures to address these challenges. The findings of the study reveal that the pandemic and the lockdown have impacted Indian society significantly-socially, economically and health wise. In case of women, their domestic and household chores related responsibilities have increased substantially. The country has witnessed spike in reporting of the cases of domestic violence during the lockdown period indicating women's increased vulnerabilities at such critical time. The paper argues that this situation of women in India is due to the presence of myriad of beliefs, customs and prevailing social norms that are based on strong patriarchal mind set. The response of the State in terms of setting up of a special helpline number is not adequate as large number of women in India do not have awareness, accessibility, availability and affordability of means like personal mobile phone or landline telephone connections to contact these special helpline numbers. And even if they have it, they lack enough courage, inclination to do anything about it due to socialization and existing social norms. The existing services of the state to help women in need are functioning with limited resources and diverted attention to the pandemic. During the pandemic situation and lockdown the Government, State authorities and civil society organizations are more focused on relief work like economcic loss, availability of medical facilities and other basic necessities. Thus, addressing the issue of domestic violence has taken a backseat during the pandemic. The paper suggests consideration of domestic violence as a social disaster and inclusion of it in emergency services and disaster management programs of the state and civil society organisations.

Background and Purpose: Measures taken to prevent COVID-19
infections, aside from causing disruptions in many facets of our daily
life, have impeded education, including the higher education
process, as never seen before on a global scale. Recent studies have
indicated the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
on the mental health trajectory of university students. Anxiety and
depression can seriously hamper students’ quality of life and
educational achievement. This study explored anxiety and
depression among university students in Kosovo during the
lockdown as a result of COVID-19 pandemics. The study was
implemented during the initial phase of the pandemic. This study
also explored the impact of selected determinants on the reported
mental health of students.
Methods: In total, 904 university students from the largest public
university in Kosovo were enrolled in a web-based cross-sectional
study during the early phase of the national lockdown due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: The first and second hierarchical regression models indicated
that the anxiety and depression scores of students were predicted by
gender, knowing someone who was infected with COVID-19, concerns
about the potential financial impact of measures taken by
governments to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and excessive
information seeking about COVID-19. The third model improved
significantly when the variables concerns about family members’
health, concerns about being lonely, problems with online lectures
and requests for help from the university related to online lectures
were added to the model. Overall, the findings indicated that
situational variables associated with measures taken to respond to
the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to predict anxiety and depression
among students.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that universities and public health institutions need to support students, especially the more vulnerable
students, in enhancing their skills to cope with mental health
problems and distress related to the pandemic and the shift to
online learning.

Purpose: This research investigates the psychological implications arising from COVID-19-related pathological conditions and the possible relationship with previous pandemics. Methods: The selected population sample was 765 total Italian Covid positive symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, divided into the two categories (308 symptomatic and 457 asymptomatic) and by age groups. In order to investigate these elements, an information questionnaire was specifically drawn up concerning the state of health and the period of the illness, in addition to the personal and family history and the specific indicators identified for this research. Results: The fi rst level concerns the psychological implication during and after the viral infection, whereby: a) symptomatic individuals with a previous psychological diagnosis (127 patients) reported medium-high values of malaise in all three areas of investigation for 51.02% (65 patients), with the high value of malaise for 48.98% (62 patients) and a consequent worsening of the previous psychopathological condition, especially for those who declared to suffer from mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, persisting even until the sixth month after recovery; b) symptomatic individuals without a previous psychological diagnosis (330 patients) reported medium to high levels of malaise in all three surveyed areas for 72.30% (241 patients), with the highest level of malaise for 27.70% (89 patients) with symptoms typical of mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, which persisted even until the sixth month after recovery; c) the asymptomatic patients with a previous psychological diagnosis (87 patients) reported medium-high levels of malaise in all three surveyed areas for 71.25% (62 patients), with the highest level of malaise for 28.75% (25 patients) and a consequent worsening of the previous psychopathological condition, especially for those who declared to suffer from mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, lasting up to the sixth month after recovery; d) the asymptomatic patients without a previous psychological diagnosis (221 patients) reported medium-high values of malaise in all three areas of investigation for 90.55% (200 patients), with the highest value of malaise for 9.45% (21 patients) with symptoms typical of mood, anxiety, obsessive and somatic disorders, lasting even until the sixth month after recovery. The second level concerns the immunobiological implication, starting from the question "did your (biological) parents or grandparents contract one of the listed pandemics influences?": 80.34% (618 patients) confirmed the positive answer to the question, while the remaining 16.12% (124 patients) answered "don't know" and 3.54% (23 patients) answered "no". Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this research, the data obtained make us reflect both on the hypothesis of increasing psychological support for these patients, in order to cope better with their condition, and on the immunobiological hypothesis as described above, wishing for greater attention in the future on these profiles, which are currently underestimated and overshadowed by economic and political interests on the commodification of vaccines by pharmaceutical companies.

The COVID-19 global health crisis has affected the mental and psychological health and well-being of the people around the world. However, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 among Filipino teachers. This study was conducted to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) of professional teachers in the Philippines. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used involving 139 licensed professional teachers. The COVID-19 Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) was the primary measure used in this study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were the statistical tools employed to analyze the data. Results indicated a moderate COVID-19 impact on the QoL of the teachers. There was a significant difference in the impact of COVID-19 on QoL by degree program. However, the impact of COVID-19 on QoL did not significantly differ by age, sex, marital status, employment status, monthly salary, presence of a COVID-19 case near their residence, perso...

Immigrants have been found to be disproportionately impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Our study, exploring the experiences of immigrants in Norway during the pandemic, is based on interviews and focus group discussions with 10 and 21 immigrants, respectively. Our analysis showed that participants perceived the circumstances induced by the pandemic to be difficult and voiced the challenges experienced. Their experiences encompassed social, economic, and the public sphere, where immigrants felt themselves to be in more vulnerable positions than before the pandemic. Our analysis identified four main themes: 1) Feeling stagnated, 2) Perceptions towards government and health authorities, 3) Boundaries of us vs them, and 4) Coping. We conclude our paper by stating that government and health authorities should consider both short-term and long-term consequence of the pandemic to mitigate impact on communities at risk.

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a widespread state of uncertainty and disorientation regarding daily practices and beliefs, creating multiple sense-making processes. The purpose of the study, which is part of a larger international research endeavour, is to explore the psycho-social perception of the risk associated with the spread of Covid-19 during the lockdown in Italy (March 9 th to May 4 th , 2020). 2125 online questionnaire were collected in Italy and analysed with a Cluster Analysis procedure by a hierarchical classification method. We explored differences and peculiarities of the perception and appreciation of the pandemic crisis, perceived risks and resources in terms of individual attitudes, communitarian bonds, politics, beliefs and trust. Four profiles have been identified that refer to different models for assessing the situation and perception of risk; these models operate as affective-cognitive systems of sense-making and interpretation of the events occurring during the lockdown. Main psycho-social implications are discussed.

La pandemia del Covid-19 rappresenta uno spartiacque nella storia della specie umana: ha arrecato numerosi lutti, inferto profonde ferite al corpo sociale, messo in luce violenze e diseguaglianze strutturali. Tale evento si configura come l'occasione per una riscrittura collettiva del Copione del mondo, a partire dalla consapevolezza dell'inseparabilità dei viventi e dell'interdipendenza delle loro azioni. Scopo di questo contributo è quello di esplorare i limiti e le opportunità di questo tempo di transizione, proponendo percorsi e parole chiave alternative, con l'intento di costruire un compromesso tra i viventi di tutte le specie, in cui gli umani sono riconosciuti come soggetti naturalculturali, stretti da legami metamorfici. La crisi pandemica ha stimolato vissuti straordinariamente comuni che possono rielaborarsi in nuove competenze etiche: alcuni costrutti dell'Analisi Transazionale possono offrire spunti interessanti per stimolare questa rielaborazione collettiva e maturare un'etica che, con Carlo Moiso, intendiamo quale dottrina del dialogo sociale.

Already evident with High Street retail closures, the activity restrictions derived from Covid management lead to a further focus on retail survival. But emphasis on commercial transactions has sidelined the in-person benefits of 'going to town'. This note offers a summary of such in-person benefits of urban public spaces, with particular reference to English market towns.

Abstrak
Pendahuluan; Kecemasan adalah reaksi normal dimana seseorang merasa ketakutan atau kehilangan kepercayaan diri terhadap situasi yang sangat menekan kehidupan seseorang. Tujuan; untuk mengetahui kecemasan pada pekerja di masa pandemi Covid-19 studi di Institut Kesehatan Helvetia Medan Tahun 2020. Bahan dan Metode; jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan total population adalah sebanyak 70 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan menggunakan uji Coefficient (Uji T/Uji Partial). Hasil; penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen yang memiliki nilai signifikan < 0,05 adalah variabel umur dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 dan variabel pendidikan dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 menjadi kecemasan pada pekerja di masa pandemi Covid-19 studi di Institut Kesehatan Helvetia Medan tahun 2020. Kesimpulan; penelitian ini ada hubungan antara umur dengan kecemasan, ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kecemasan,  tidak ada hubungan antara status perkawinan dengan kecemasan, dan ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan kecemasan pada pekerja di masa pandemi Covid-19 studi di Institut Kesehatan Helvetia Medan Tahun 2020.
Kata Kunci : Kecemasan, Umur, Jenis Kelamin, Status Perkawinan, Pendidikan, Covid-19


Abstract
Background; Anxiety is a normal reaction in which a person feels fear or loses confidence in a situation that is very stressful in one's life. Objectives; to find out the anxiety of workers during the Covid-19 pandemic studies at the Institute of Health Helvetia Medan in 2020. Material and Method; type of this research is observational analytic using cross sectional research design. The sampling using a total population of 70 people. The data analysis used was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis using Coefficient (Test T/Test Partial) test. Results; the results showed that the independent variables that had a significant value <0.05 is the age variable with a significant value of 0,002 and the education variable with a significant value of 0,002 becomes anxious for workers during the Covid-19 pandemic studies  at the Institute of Health Helvetia Medan in 2020. Conclusion; this study shows that there is a relationship between age and anxiety, there is a relationship between gender and anxiety, there is no relationship between marital status and anxiety, and there is a relationship between education and anxiety in workers during the Covid-19 pandemic studies at the Institute of Health Helvetia Medan in 2020.
Keywords : Anxiety, Age, Gender, Marital Status, Education, Covid-19

Dengue is a typical mosquitoes born tropical disease caused by the Aedes aegypti. The dengue is marked by the onset of sudden high fever, severe headache and pain behind eyeballs, pain in muscles and joints. In world more than 40% of the population, in more than 100 countries are at risk of dengue infection. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding dengue fever among adults residing in selected villages of district Bilaspur, (H.P) and to find out association of knowledge regarding dengue fever with selected demographic variables. Methods: The study adopted descriptive research design and was conducted at selected villages of district Bilaspur. A total of 60 adults in age range of 20-50 years were selected by non probability convenience sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used to assess knowledge of adults regarding dengue fever. Results: Majority of adults 75% were having average knowledge, 13.33% of adults were having good knowledge and 11.66% of adults were having poor knowledge regarding dengue fever. Selected socio-demographic variables of adults that is educational status found statistical significance with the knowledge score at 0.05 error of significance. Conclusion: It was concluded that community awareness program can be planned to improve knowledge among people.

The aim of this study was to engage in a temperature reading of South African employees' agility and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Motivation for the study: The study was motivated by the need to understand how South African employees fare in terms of their agility and resilience levels in the context of profound social and economic disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used employing quantitative methodologies. A total of 185 permanently employed respondents from South Africa were conveniently sampled. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Main findings: Whilst respondents reported high resilience and agility capacity, the findings also suggest that respondents' gender, age, upskilling intentions, size of employer, organisational communication and individual renewal strategies influence their resilience and agility behaviours. Practical/managerial implications: The study prompts a discussion on how practitioners can better serve the wellness agenda of organisational life during sustained periods of organisational stress. Contribution/value-add: This study extends the theoretical and practical debate on employee agility and resilience in South African context.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare workers in Kurdistan, Iraq.
Instrument & Methods: In this descriptive study, healthcare workers in four different COVID-19 hospitals in Erbil, Sulaimani, Chamchamal, and Halabja in the Kurdistan region of Iraq participated in this study on a convenience sampling method from April 10, 2020, to May 20, 2020. The degree of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, and depression symptoms were assessed based on the translated to Kurdish versions of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 and Hopkins Symptom Checklist, respectively. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used by SPSS 20.
Findings: Of 182 healthcare workers, 53.3% of participants screened positive for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 29.1% for anxiety, and 39.0% for depression. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, and depression according to gender and family status (p>0.05). However, respondents aged <40 scored higher on PCL-5, but no difference was found on HSCL-25. Nurses in the Sulaimani city, frontline workers, and those who had COVID-19 related traumatic experience scored higher on all three measures.
Conclusion: The psychological impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the Kurdistan region of Iraq is highly concerned. Preventive programs and adaptive psychological interventions are needed.

The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of faculties and students in Bangalore city about teaching, learning, and quality of life during this COVID 19 pandemic. The study is deductive in nature. In the study quantitative research technique is used by collecting responses from faculty and students of different demographical base. The finding of the study focuses on changing pattern of personal behavior of people during the lockdown, availability of essential commodities during the lockdown, opinion on punishment for people whose risky behavior leads to the spread of the coronavirus, and steps taken by the government of India during this lockdown period. This study helps practitioners and educationalists to plan the tactics and strategies for future disasters.

The COVID-19 global health crisis has affected the mental and psychological health and well-being of the people around the world However, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 among Filipino teachers This study was conducted to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) of professional teachers in the Philippines A descriptive cross-sectional study was used involving 139 licensed professional teachers The COVID-19 Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) was the primary measure used in this study Descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were the statistical tools employed to analyze the data Results indicated a moderate COVID-19 impact on the QoL of the teachers There was a significant difference in the impact of COVID-19 on QoL by degree program However, the impact of COVID-19 on QoL did not significantly differ by age, sex, marital status, employment status, monthly salary, presence of a COVID-19 case near their residence, personal know...