Pascendi

Ponencia presentada en la Semana Tomista de septiembre 2015, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina Santa María de los Buenos Aires.
El objeto es el de manifestar el mecanismo por la cual se pretende reemplazar la filosofìa tomista por una pluralidad de filosofìas modernas y contemporáneas en desmedro de la unidad del saber y finalmente de la fe. Nos referirnos a dos grandes diccionarios contemporáneos (1), el alemán Lexicon fûr Theologie und Kirche (1993-2001) y (2) la italiana Enciclopedia Filosofica di Gallarate, (2006). Ilustramos luego el tema con una referencia al Giornale di Metafisica dirigido por Michele Federico Sciacca en la Universidad de Génova en su época de oro(3). Seguimos con una reflexión sobre la situación contemporánea a partir del representativo ejemplo un artículo de revista filosófica europea (2012) (4). Terminamos con una breve conclusión (5).

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During the early years of the 20th century, attempts at dialogue with modern culture and practical collaboration with the Protestant majority in the Kaiserreich emerged in German Catholicism in order to overcome the condition of 'inferiority' that characterized the Catholic population. In the context of the anti-modernist repression enacted by the Roman Curia of Pope Pius X, however, the proponents of forms of interdenominational organization, the autonomy of the laity from the ecclesiastical hierarchy, and openness towards secularized modernity more generally attracted the criticism of the so-called integralist Catholics. The latter saw a danger to the Catholic faith and to the prerogatives of the Roman Church in these developments and, ultimately, a manifestation of modernist 'heresy'. Among the targets of the integralist accusations were the Volksverein and the Centre Party, as well as the interdenominational Christian trade unions. The paper aims to shed light on the contents and characteristics of German Catholic integralism in the years following the encyclical Pascendi (1907): to this end, the specific case of the Cologne priest Andreas Müller (1862–1938) is examined; through dozens of letters addressed to the Nuncio of Munich and the Holy See itself, he denounced the (alleged) infiltration of Modernism in Germany.

The aim of the hole volume is to analyze the ‘practical implementation’ of the anti-modernist measures of Pius X’s encyclical Pascendi (September 8, 1907) in the Roman Catholic Church. For the first time, the reports on Modernism produced by bishops and religious orders – and scattered in the Roman archives – are studied and compared, offering the reader an international picture of the widespread effect of anti-modernism until 1914 and, at least indirectly, of the general situation of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the twentieth century. At the same time, the various local interpretations and strategies come into focus, as well as the somewhat competition-driven inner-curial handling of the reports.

In its normative part the encyclical Pascendi extended to the religious orders the obligation to send a report every three years. The exiguous number of reports found reflects partially the situation of the religious institutes towards Modernism, and highlights their scarce attention to the Congregation for Religious despite the fame of committed anti-modernist of its prefect, the cardinal Vives i Tutó.

The aim of the hole volume is to analyze the ‘practical implementation’ of the anti-modernist measures of Pius X’s encyclical Pascendi (September 8, 1907) in the Roman Catholic Church. For the first time, the reports on Modernism produced by bishops and religious orders – and scattered in the Roman archives – are studied and compared, offering the reader an international picture of the widespread effect of anti-modernism until 1914 and, at least indirectly, of the general situation of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the twentieth century. At the same time, the various local interpretations and strategies come into focus, as well as the somewhat competition-driven inner-curial handling of the reports.

In the disciplinary part of the encyclical Pascendi the bishops were required to establish the Council of vigilance and to send periodically a sworn report on the application of the anti-modernist dictated measures and on the doctrines which circulate amongst the clergy. The encyclical did not mention which institute would have been in charge of the gathering and evaluation of the reports: this omission caused a situation of uncertainty which generated overlappings and conflicts on the jurisdiction of the roman Congregations.