Partical Physics

The stability of the physical constants suggests quite strongly some sort of cosmological equilibrium. A state of dynamic equilibrium exists in a process when the rate of the forward process equals the rate of the reverse process. The equilibrium condition may exist in relation to thermal, mechanical, or chemical changes, and may be dynamic.
The inverse relationship (E=hf) between energy and (time and length), has led to the idea of the point particle, the singularity. This reduction is only partially justifiable. We consider the existence of a universal quantum background, effectively dominated by a unique quantity, the force required to contain electromagnetic energy. This singular force value (required of all black holes) is in every case equivalent, making it likely that there is really only one force acting, and that the universe as a whole is in equilibrium.
The Equilibrium Universe Model imagines that an Infinite to Infinite interaction, hosts an Infinite to finite interaction, which produces the Finite to finite interactions that together dominate all reality within our universal confines.
The 2nd  interaction series effectively promotes quantum space,

This article discusses the motion of particles in multiple time dimensions and in multiple space dimensions. Transformations are presented for the transfer from one inertial frame of reference to another inertial frame of reference for the case of multidimensional time. The implications are indicated of the existence of a large number of time dimensions on physical laws like the Lorentz covariance, CPT symmetry, the principle of invariance of the speed of light, the law of addition of velocities, the energy-momentum conservation law, etc. The Doppler effect is obtained for the case of multidimensional time. Relations are derived between energy, mass, and momentum of a particle and the number of time dimensions in which the particle is moving. The energy-momentum conservation law is formulated for the case of multidimensional time. It is proven that if certain conditions are met, then particles moving in multidimensional time are as stable as particles moving in one-dimensional time. This result differs from the view generally accepted until now [J. Dorling, Am. J. Phys. 38, 539 (1970)]. It is proven that luxons may have nonzero rest mass, but only provided that they move in multidimensional time. The causal structure of space-time is examined. It is shown that in multidimensional time, under certain circumstances, a particle can move in the causal region faster than the speed of light in vacuum. In the case of multidimensional time, the application of the proper orthochronous transformations at certain conditions leads to movement backwards in the time dimensions. It is concluded that the number of different antiparticles in the k-dimensional time is equal to 3^k − 2^k. Differences between tachyons and particles moving in multidimensional time are indicated. It is shown that particles moving faster than the speed of light in vacuum can have a real rest mass (unlike tachyons), provided that they move in multidimensional time.

Recently we have presented a theory of unification of gravitational and electromagnetic fields based on the generalization of Newton’s law to include a dynamic term similar to the Lorentz force of electrodynamics[1]. The unification is convincing. The generalization based on similarity of Newton’s law and Coulomb’s law, however, is speculative although reasonable and compelling. In this article, we have presented a derivation of the dynamic term of gravitation based on our newly proposed ether dynamics, which removes the speculative nature of dynamic term and perfects the unification theory. It turns out that the gravitational interaction is transmitted through the space medium ether. An object in ether is in direct contact with the ether, causing it to move like a highly viscous and incompressible fluid. The movement of ether propagates thorough space like a continuous medium, exerting a force on any object in ether.

In this presentation we explore exactly what General Relativity [GR] is - define the space-time metric, from first principles and derive it from Pythagoras theorem. Then we define the Robertson-Walker metric and how it applies to flat space-time. We look at GR in the context of a large flat space as compared with curved space-time. Then we look at the geometric properties of gravitational lensing. We look at the large scale structure LSS of the universe and see examples of astrophysical observations of gravitational lensing, and examples of Einstein’s Ring. We also see LSS simulations.

All-optical quantum teleportation lies at the heart of quantum communication science and technology. This quan- tum phenomenon is built up around the nonlocal properties of entangled states of light that, in the perspective of real-life applications, should be encoded on photon pairs generated on demand. Despite recent advances, how- ever, the exploitation of deterministic quantum light sources in push-button quantum teleportation schemes re- mains a major open challenge. Here, we perform an important step toward this goal and show that photon pairs generated on demand by a GaAs quantum dot can be used to implement a teleportation protocol whose fidelity violates the classical limit (by more than 5 SDs) for arbitrary input states. Moreover, we develop a theoretical framework that matches the experimental observations and that defines the degree of entanglement and in- distinguishability needed to overcome the classical limit independently of the input state. Our results emphasize that on-demand solid-state quantum emitters are one of the most promising candidates to realize deterministic quantum teleportation in practical quantum networks

Recently we have presented a theory of unification of gravitational and electromagnetic fields based on the generalization of Newton's law to include a dynamic term similar to the Lorentz force of electrodynamics [1]. The unification is convincing. The generalization based on similarity of Newton's law and Coulomb's law, however, is speculative although reasonable and compelling. In this article, we have presented a derivation of the dynamic term of gravitation based on our newly proposed ether dynamics, which removes the speculative nature of dynamic term and perfects the unification theory. It turns out that the gravitational interaction is transmitted through the space medium ether. An object in ether is in direct contact with the ether, causing it to move like a highly viscous and incompressible fluid. The movement of ether propagates thorough space like a continuous medium, exerting a force on any object in ether. Not only neutral objects can disturb the fluid ether, the charged objects can also disturb the ether as well. Applying the fluid dynamics of ether on charged particles, we have derived the empirical Biot-Savart law and Lorentz force of electrodynamics. The significance of theoretic derivation of these empirical and fundamental laws is similar to the derivation of the empirical Kepler's laws by Newton's theory of gravitation. It turns out that a moving charged particle would disturb the fluid ether. The disturbance spreads into the space as a continuous medium, causing local vorticity. The magnetic field is linearly proportional to the local vorticity of ether, exerting a force on another moving particle in space. The vorticity of ether is responsible for the dynamic gravitation and Lorentz force of electrodynamics. The Ether Dynamics consummates our theory of unification of gravitational and electromagnetic forces.

Jefferson Lab and MIT are developing a set of web-based tools within the Lattice Hadron Physics Collaboration to allow lattice QCD theorists to treat the computational facilities located at the two sites as a single meta-facility. The prototype Lattice Portal provides researchers the ability to submit jobs to the cluster, browse data caches, and transfer files between cache and off-line storage. The user can view the configuration of the PBS servers and to monitor both the status of all batch queues as well as the jobs in each queue. Work is starting on expanding the present system to include job submissions at the meta-facility level (shared queue), as well as multi-site file transfers and enhanced policy-based data management capabilities.

Is the beginning of the Universe through a Big Bang? How did it begin? At what time did it happen? The secret of the answers to these question is becoming clear here.
I am dividing the beginning age of the Universe as two: 1) The State Before Beginning, 2) The  Beginning.  The State Before Beginning was the Foetal Stage of the Universe.When does the runner really start his  run? Is it before running or after running? How can we separate the time in between the time taken to get ready before running and the time when he began running? I compare the state before Big Bang to the preparations before running.Once he starts running time also starts. Likewise which was the starting point of the First Grand Powered Plasma  before the Big Bang?It was only after the Big Bang that space and time came out. If it is so, how can we call the era before Big Bang? I call this era as the Primordial Era of the First Grand Powered Plasma.In the very beginning , the First Super Force was going on working. Don't ask where and when, because space and time had not come out. In the  very beginning the First  Super  Force  was going on working .It was  the  First  Energy.Matter can only be formed from Energy or Energy can only be formed from Matter.This is a scientific truth.So if the Universe should be originated there should be a First Energy, which is responsible for that.The Universe is otherwise not able to come out.This First Energy was the First Super Force. The First Energy brought out the First Particles.If there is energy there should be matter, and this was the  First Transformation.What it means by saying that the First Particles came out is that the energy named the First Super Force got transformed into the matter named the First Particles. The strongest foundation for this discovery of mine i.e.the First Particles, is that gave birth to the Energy Waves, named the First Gas Cloud Waves. The fact named Primordial Gas Cloud Waves is a scientific foundation of my discovery.The energy waves from the First Gas Cloud Waves brought a new state of energy and matter of the First Grand Powered Plasma, which was the cause of the origin of the Universe.The First Grand Powered Plasma had transformed into a power which was able to bring out the Universe. The First Grand Powered Plasma was a Charged Plasma.Today, the position of plasma in the Universe and Physics itself is enough to understand what was the First Grand Powered Plasma is.The plasma that exist today has the power to give birth stars and even Galaxies.So who can prove the great fact that the First Grand Powered Plasma is not able to give rise to the present Universe?(2)The Beginning.  What it means by the beginning is the Big Bang.  Everything began with the Big Bang. Space and time came into being. After wards the Universe originated.    In the very beginning , the First Super Force was going on working .The First Super Force was the First Energy. Some Unknown Particles emerged from the First Super Force through an explosion. These Unknown Particles got transformed as the First Gas Cloud Waves, through an another explosion. It was the First Cloud. After wards there was a third explosion that took place in the same spot and as a result of that explosion the First Grand Powered Plasma was formed. Then the fourth explosion occurred- the First  Big Bang. Thus  the First Grand Powered Plasma  got transformed as the Universe. These happened around 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the Universe. After this time the Universe was in an extremely hot and dense state and began expanding  rapidly. The Big Bang happened in the Universe altogether.Immediately after the Big Bang, the Universe was tremendously hot as a result of particles of both matter and antimatter rushing apart in all directions.  As these two materials are created together, they collide and destroy one another. As it began to cool , due to the result of the First Super Force, new Forces took form there. When the temperature decreases, the First Super Force got separated as the Gravitational Force and the Grand Unified Force. When the temperature decreases , the Grand Unified Force    got transformed as the Nuclear Force and the Electro-weak Force. When this time the Nuclear Force became Quarks, Neutrons and Electrons. When the temperature decreases, the Electro-weak Force got separated as the Electromagnetic Force and the Weak Force. Then slowly overtime  Protons,Neutrons and Electrons came together to form Hydrogen and small amount of Helium. During the billion of years that followed, stars, planets and galaxies formed to create the Universe.The First Grand Powered Plasma was the source of the Big Bang. It was the Mother Universe. The First Gas Cloud Waves helped to form the First Grand Powered Plasma through the Big Bang. The First Grand Powered Plasma got transformed as the Universe.It is not the Plasma that we see in the present universe. It was the First. It was  an external First Super Force that powered the FGPP. It was not just a plasma but it was powered. The Powered Plasma was the Charged Plasma. Powered here means a force that could create the whole Universe itself.(As the European Journal of Scientific Research has the complete right to publish my theories, I am unable to publish my full theory here. So I have only included an abridged version of my theories  here. If u want to know more about the theory named The Powered Plasma Theory and  the Last  Big  Bang Theory. , please visit: www.nixonjohnscience.com. In my website you can read the references of this theory. Thanking you- Nixon John)

Then E=MV 2 Limit C As a consequence, a Proton (No Mass) can have a Maximum Energy of C 2 at which time, the Proton's Velocity is C. (Energy Limit @ C 2) C 2 (m/s/s) = 0 (grams) * V 2 (m/s/s) (Proton) C 2 = V 2 V = C (3 x 10 8 m/s/s) E = C 2 A Proton can have an Energy State from Zero to C 2 and at each Energy State Level, has a corresponding Velocity State. Hence, when Mass is supplied to the formula, there exists a Maximum Energy Limit, C 2. Hence the Speed of Light is not the limit, the Maximum Energy State is the Limit So, when Mass is say 1 Gram, then the maximum Speed of the mass is C. (Energy Limit) C 2 (m/s/s) = 1 (grams) * V 2 (m/s/s) C 2 /1 = V 2