Operative

Objectives: Flexion contracture in fingers of hands is a complication of Dupuytren's contracture and cannot be stopped by the progressive course. The aim of this study was to review the effect of splinting in the correction of contracture after Dupuytren's contracture operation. Methods: To carry out this research, a kind of systematic evidence-based review process (Duffy 2005) was used. For data gathering, we used electronic database and Persian-and English-language specific journals between 1990 and January 2019. The keywords were related to examine the effect of various splinting after Dupuytren's contracture operation. Results: After data gathering, 26 articles about Dupuytren's contracture were found; after checking and deep reviewing of those articles, 17 articles were removed from the study and 9 articles were included in the study for reviewing. The results of a review article based on using splint in Dupuytren's contracture after operation were classified into 6 categories, including static splint, dynamic splint, day splint, night splint, the time duration of splinting, and prescribed time of splinting. Discussion: Splint alone has been ineffective in reducing contracture. Static splint and hand therapy (exercise) are together the most effective way for the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture. Occasional and irregular use of splint also has no effect on pain relief and the reduction of contracture. The pressure and force of splint will be gradually increased, and the splint should be used at least for 3 months, too.

Introduction : The normal mechanism of labour leads to spontaneous vaginal delivery in many mothers. Under some circumstances cesarean section, vacuum assisted, use of forceps and destructive deliveries are helpful interventions in saving the lives of the mother and the new born. There is paucity of information on complication of operative deliveries and indications at Mattu Karl Hospital Objective : The main objective of this study is to determine the proportion, indications and postoperative complications of operative deliveries in Mattu Karl hospital. Methods : The records of all mothers who delivered operatively and with cards of full information during the period from January 2011 to Jan2013 were reviewed using pre-prepared checklist. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to see the statistical association of the variables. The significant factors were declared at pvalue <0.05. Result: Out of the total 3346 deliveries during the study period there were 984 (29.4%) ope...

Stereotactic neurosurgery and neurophysiological microelectrode recordings in both humans and monkeys are typically done with conventional 2D atlases and paper records of the stereotactic coordinates. This approach is prone to error because the brain size, shape, and location of subcortical structures can vary between subjects. Furthermore, paper record keeping is inefficient and limits opportunities for data visualization. To address these limitations, we developed a software tool (Cicerone) that enables interactive 3D visualization of co-registered magnetic resonance images (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, 3D brain atlases, neurophysiological microelectrode recording (MER) data, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode(s) with the volume of tissue activated (VTA) as a function of the stimulation parameters. The software can be used in pre-operative planning to help select the optimal position on the skull for burr hole (in humans) or chamber (in monkeys) placement to maximize the likelihood of complete microelectrode and DBS coverage of the intended anatomical target. Intra-operatively, Cicerone allows entry of the stereotactic microdrive coordinates and MER data, enabling real-time interactive visualization of the electrode location in 3D relative to the surrounding neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. In addition, the software enables prediction of the VTA generated by DBS for a range of electrode trajectories and tip locations. In turn, the neurosurgeon can use the combination of anatomical (MRI/CT/3D brain atlas), neurophysiological (MER), and electrical (DBS VTA) data to optimize the placement of the DBS electrode prior to permanent implantation.

This paper assesses the effects of light characteristics and irradiation time on the Vickers microhardness (VH) of a dual-photoinitiator commercial composite and on temperature increase in the pulp chamber (deltaT). Four recent light-emitting diodes (LEDs)--bluephaseG2 (BG2), bluephase16i (B16i), G-Light (G) and Freelight2 (F2)--and one control halogen light (XL3000-X) were tested on two shades of Tetric EvoCeram (A2 and Bleach XL), whose respective commercial formulations differed based on their concentration of camphorquinone and lucirin TPO. Three different irradiation times were applied--10, 20 and 40 seconds-and VH was measured on the upper and lower surfaces of 2-mm thick samples. The deltaT was measured by using a K-type thermocouple inserted into the pulp chamber of a molar that had been prepared to obtain a 2-mm thickness of dentin. The measurements were made either during polymerization of a 2 mm composite (Shade A2 or Bleach) or with an empty mold. The data were analyzed ...

SUMMARY In this laboratory study, the microtensile bond strengths of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and a resin modified glass ionomer cement (CRMGIC) to artificially created carious dentin and sound dentin were compared, and the ultra-structural ...

This study determined the three-body abrasive wear resistance of two packable composites (P-60; Solitaire 2), an ion-releasing composite (Ariston AT), a hybrid composite (Tetric Ceram) and an ormocer (Admira). The study also looked at the correlation between wear resistance and hardness of the composites. Three-body wear testing was performed using an ACTA wear machine with 15 N contact force using millet seed as the third body. Wear depth (microm) was measured by profilometry after 200,000 cycles. The hardness test was performed using a digital microhardness tester (load: 500 g; dwell time: 15 seconds). The data were analyzed by using Kruskal Wallis (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences among the three body abrasive wear of the composites. The ranking from least to most were as follows: Filtek P-60 < Solitaire 2 < Ariston AT < Tetric Ceram < Admira. Filtek P-60 showed the highest microhardness value. No other significant differences in hardness...

This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength (pTBS) of ethanol/water- and acetone-based, one-bottle adhesive systems to enamel (E) and dentin (D) in the presence (P) or absence (A) of their respective solvents. Thirty-two freshly extracted third molars were flattened with 600-grit SiC paper and restored with Single Bond (SB) or Prime&Bond 2.1 (PB) according to the manufacturers' instructions and after full solvent elimination. The molars were divided into eight test groups (n = 4): G1-SB-E-P, G2-SB-E-A, G3-PBE-P, G4-PB-E-A, G5-SB-D-P, G6-SB-D-A, G7-PB-D-P and G8-PB-D-A. After applying the adhesive resins, composite crowns of approximately 8 mm were built up with TPH Spectrum composite. After 24-hour water storage, the specimens were serially sectioned bucco-lingually to obtain 0.8 mm slabs that were trimmed to an hourglass shape, approximately 0.8 mm2 at the bonded interface. The specimens were tested in tension using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/minute). The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. The frequency of fracture mode was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. There were no statistically significant differences in mean bond strength among the groups restored with or without solvent for enamel. However, the results were significantly different for the dentin groups (MPa): G5-26.2 +/- 8.6a; G7-23.6 +/- 11.3ab; G6-12.8 +/- 2.1bc; G8-6.2 +/- 3.1c. SEM examination indicated that the dentin group failure modes were significantly different from the enamel groups. The results suggest that the presence of organic solvents does not influence microTBS to enamel. However, microTBS to dentin was significantly affected by the absence of solvents in the adhesive system.

This in vitro study assessed the neutralizing effect of grape seed extract (oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes [OPCs]) on the bond strength of bleached enamel. Labial enamel surfaces of 70 extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into four groups based on the antioxidant used as follows: Group I (n=20): bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide gel for 10 minutes, without the use of an antioxidant; Group II (n=20): bleaching followed by the use of 10% sodium ascorbate solution; Group III (n=20): bleaching followed by the use of 5% proanthocyanidin solution; and Group IV (n=10): control group in which no bleaching was done. Groups I, II, and III were further subdivided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, based on whether composite build-up was done immediately (subgroup A) or after a delay of 2 weeks (subgroup B) post bleaching. Shear bond strength of the specimens was tested under a universal testing machine. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Significantly higher shear bond strength values were observed in teeth treated with 10% sodium ascorbate (Group II) and 5% proanthocyanidin (Group III) as compared with the control group (Group IV). Among the antioxidants used, teeth treated with proanthocyanidin showed significantly higher shear bond strength values than those treated with sodium ascorbate. It can be concluded that the use of grape seed extract prior to bonding procedures on bleached enamel completely neutralizes the deleterious effects of bleaching and increases the bond strength significantly.