One-Party dominance and the Challenges of Development

The 2007 General Elections in Trinidad and Tobago have re-affirmed the country’s “one-party dominant system” in which the People’s National Movement (PNM) has held power for 41 of the last 52 years, and have been elected to hold five more. Despite significant positive resources for democratic development in Trinidad and Tobago, one-party dominance has weakened Parliament, blurred distinctions between ruling party and government, and created vulnerability and powerlessness for dissenting minorities. These generic hazards have been exacerbated by Trinidad and Tobago’s history of Crown Colony government and the “resource curse”. Since 1986, the PNM’s dominance has been fragile, consistently supported by less than a majority of voters. Despite this, the Opposition has remained fragmented for rather petty reasons, as there exist no insurmountable ideological, policy, or ethnic-based differences between them. The major group which refused to join the other forces in 2007 represents a political “Third Tribe” in Trinidad which constitutes roughly 23 percent of the country, and has a significant electoral effect in six or seven specific Trinidadian constituencies. In conclusion, it is argued that Trinidad and Tobago requires the political will and maturity to emerge from the dangers of one-party dominance by creating a viable second political force.

Keywords: one-party dominant system; People’s National Movement; democratic development; resource curse; Crown Colony government; political sociology

Vietnam is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Over the past 30 years, Vietnam has transformed itself from one of the world’s poorest nations to a lower-middle income country ripe with investment opportunities. Yet despite these economic achievements, this one-party state still encounters significant obstacles to sustained and democratic political development. This analysis uses the USAID's Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance Strategic Assessment Framework to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the state of political development in Vietnam in relation to 1) consensus, 2) inclusion, 3) competition and political accountability, 4) rule of law and human rights, and 5) government responsiveness and effectiveness. This is contextualized and exemplified within a case study of Vietnam's existing labor rights regime.

The 2007 General Elections in Trinidad and Tobago have re-affirmed the country’s “one-party dominant system” in which the People’s National Movement (PNM) has held power for 41 of the last 52 years, and have been elected to hold five more. Despite significant positive resources for democratic development in Trinidad and Tobago, one-party dominance has weakened Parliament, blurred distinctions between ruling party and government, and created vulnerability and powerlessness for dissenting minorities. These generic hazards have been exacerbated by Trinidad and Tobago’s history of Crown Colony government and the “resource curse”. Since 1986, the PNM’s dominance has been fragile, consistently supported by less than a majority of voters. Despite this, the Opposition has remained fragmented for rather petty reasons, as there exist no insurmountable ideological, policy, or ethnic-based differences between them. The major group which refused to join the other forces in 2007 represents a political “Third Tribe” in Trinidad which constitutes roughly 23 percent of the country, and has a significant electoral effect in six or seven specific Trinidadian constituencies. In conclusion, it is argued that Trinidad and Tobago requires the political will and maturity to emerge from the dangers of one-party dominance by creating a viable second political force.

Keywords: one-party dominant system; People’s National Movement; democratic development; resource curse; Crown Colony government; political sociology