Ocupational Health

Stress studies are becoming more and more attention nowadays, the financial crisis and recession of 2008 around the world further contributed in increasing higher levels of stress among employees, particularly in the corporate context. The organizations, to make themselves efficient in utilization of resources, have gone through entire restructuring, layoffs, downsizing, and mergers. This has resulted in unstable employee-employer relationship which has caused a great deal of stress among employees. There is no such thing as a stress-free job in the world. Everyone in his/her work is exposed to tension, frustration and anxiety as he/she gets through the duties assigned to him/her. In order to make our work experience and environment as pleasant as possible, it is better that we learn the technique of moderating and modulating our personal stress levels. Hence the research has shown that high level of stress seriously affect the performance of employees as well as their health condition. This article reviews and summarizes three decades of empirical literature concerned with stress in general and occupational stress in particular with major coping strategies.

Abstract
Introduction: A large number of people in India are exposed to different job related problems during performing
different carpentry tasks. The present study was aimed to evaluate the occupational health hazards and physiological
work load of the carpenters according to their work experience.
Material & Methods: The study was conducted on 150 carpenters in the age group of 21 to 46 years. The workers
were divided into three groups according to work experience (Ex), viz., Experience group I (Ex. I: 1-5 years),
Experience group II (Ex. II: 6-10 years), Experience group III (Ex.III: >10 years). Body Mass Index (BMI) was
derived from height and weight of the subjects. Cardiac strain was evaluated in terms of working heart rate (WHR),
relative cardiac cost (RCC), net cardiac cost (NCC) and other recovery indices among carpenters. The
Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) and perceived rating of discomfort was evaluated by modified Nordic
Questionnaire method and 10 point subjective scale respectively. The postural stress was assessed by OWAS, RULA
and REBA method.
Results: The extent of physical work load of the carpenters gradually decreased with the increase in experience. The
prevalence of MSD in different body segments was the highest in high experience group (Ex III, > 10 years)
followed by low experience group (Ex I, 1- 5years) and it was the lowest in moderate experience group (Ex. II, 6 -
10years) The same trends of results were found in case of body part discomfort rating. Results of postural stress
indicated that the action and risk level was comparatively lower in the carpenters of middle experience groups than
that of other two groups.
Conclusions: The prevalence of MSD, body part discomfort rating as well as postural stress were high among the
workers performing carpentry task and varied with the change of work experience.
Key words: Work experience, physiological work load, MSD, BPD, postural stress.

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Musculoskeletal Disorders adalah keluhan pada bagian-bagian otot rangka yang dirasakan oleh seseorang mulai dari keluhan sangat ringan sampai sangat sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs) pada pekerja penggilingan padi di Desa Pamengkang Kecamatan Kramatwatu Serang Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh populasi dengan jumlah 77 orang pekerja penggilingan padi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pekerja yang mengalami keluhan MSDs sebanyak 97,4%, dengan tingkat keluhan MSDs risiko tinggi sebanyak 36,4%. Hasil tabulasi silang variabel tersebut dengan risiko MSDs, pekerja dengan keluhan MSDs risiko tinggi sebanyak 70,4%, pekerja yang berumur ≥ 35 tahun, pekerja yang memiliki postur janggal risiko sangat tinggi sebanyak 70%, pekerja yang mengangkat berat beban 35kg-55 kg sebanyak 62,5%, pekerja dengan durasi kerja panjang atau  lebih dari 2 jam sebanyak 46,2%. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya pengenalan dan pemberian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) apa saja yang digunakan dalam pekerjaan dibidang sektor informal khusunya pada usaha penggilingan padi.

Republic Indonesia is an archipelago country of 17.000 islands surrounded by the 70% seas. So fair hence if most of coastal area have living as fisherman. The informal sector labor among fisherman not yet obtained optimal health s e ~ c es pecially which deal with his work, such as those which suggested that is obtain get plenary health service (preventive, promote, curative and rehabilifative and also executed comprehensively in health system. This study was a crossectional study locate in Muara dua, penikel village, district of Kampung laul, Cilacap regency, They take a 30 fisherman randomly The objective of this study is to describe the occupational fishermen health profile consisted of three components a) work load , b) nutrition status and occupational desease The Result of the study, most of fishermen is over work load , normaly nutrition status and get 1 fisherman occupational desease Keywords:-Occupational disease-Work load-nutrition status-Fisherman. PENDAHULUAN Sampai saat ini tenaga kerja sektor informal di kalangan nelayan belum mendapat perhatian yang cukup tentang kesehatan kerjanya, Kondisi geografis negara Indonesia: yang negara keulauan yang terdiria atas kira-kira 17.000 pulau dan 70% dengan pekerjaan sepert nelayan maka wajar kalau sebagian besar penduduk pesisir memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan paripurna (preventif, promotif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif serta dilaksanakan secara komprehensif dalam suatu sistem yang terpadu. Menurut Kebijakan Teknis Program Kesehatan Kerja (Kanti, 2004) kesehatan kerja adalah keadaan sejahtera dari badan, jiwa dan social yang memungkinkan setiap pekerja dapat bekerja secara sehat dengan produktivitas yang optimal tanpa membahayakan diri, keluarga,masyarakat, dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Upaya Kesehatan kerja adalah upaya penyerasian kapasitas kerja, beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja agar setiap pekerja dapat bekerja secara sehat tanpa membahayakan dirinya sendiri maupun masyarakat sekelilingnya, agar diperoleh produktivitas kerja yang optimal. Kelalahan kerja merupakan masalah yang belum terselesaikan Pada hakekatnyanya adalah kesehatan kerja adalah upaya yang dilakukan pekerja agar dapat bekerja secara sehat dan selamat, indikasi dari kesehatan kerja adalah status kesehatan pekerja, status gizi pekerja (nelayan), beban kerja, penyakit akibat kerja, lingkungan kerja fisik, kimia, bilogi maupun sosial yang mendukung.

Burnout and engagement impact employees, organizations, and customers in numerous positive and negative ways. Consequently, it is important to know how individual differences contribute to employees’ burnout and engagement. The present study examined how individual differences in self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism were associated with burnout and engagement in a sample of 106 employees. Results of correlation and regression analyses showed that perfectionism explained variance in all facets of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, reduced efficacy) and engagement (vigor, dedication, absorption). Whereas socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with higher levels of burnout and lower levels of engagement, self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism were associated with lower levels of burnout and higher levels of engagement. The findings indicate that individual differences in perfectionism may be a contributing factor to burnout and engagement in the workplace.

If the workplace environment is good, the health and well-being of employees will be good too. This research aims to distinguish whether there are differences when it comes to being directed by a man or a woman and whether this affects employees. An ad hoc questionnaire was applied, collecting personal information and including the MLQ-6 S. It was sent by mail and answered by 549 employees of 16 companies in the Basque Country, Spain. A total of 277 (50.5%) men and 272 (49.5%) women participated, among whom there were 63 managers. The methodology shows a double perspective of how employees understand and perceive the differences between male and female business leaders and how managers see themselves exercising this leadership. No significant differences have been perceived. Both men and women believe they make their employees feel good about exercising leadership (M = 42.11%, W = 48.00%) quite often. Employed women consider it more challenging to become leaders and reconcile their ...

Objective: Burnout is conceptualized as a syndrome that consists of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. Despite the increased frequency and severity of burnout in the Western world, there is limited published research regarding the experiences of clinical psychologists who have had burnout. The present study examines clinical psychologists’ different experiences of burnout in Australia.

Design and Methods: In the year 2015, six privately practicing and solo-employed clinical psychologists provided rich qualitative data by participating in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was the method used to analyze clinical psychologists’ natural accounts of their burnout experiences. Using NVivo, emerging themes were identified through coding ‘first order constructs’ and then axial code ‘second order constructs.’

Findings: Clinical psychologists indicated that their roles are demanding and a diverse range of symptoms, including the enduring effects of burnout, mental stress, fatigue, decreased personal accomplishment, negative affect, depersonalization, reduced productivity and motivation, and insomnia. They identified precursors of burnout, including excessive workload and hours of work, life stresses, mismanaged workload, and transference. Clinical psychologists suggested that protective factors of burnout include knowledge and years worked in direct care, and trusting and long-term relationships. They indicated that the barriers to overcoming burnout include the fallacy that their clients’ expectations and needs are more important than their own, the financial cost of working in private practice, contemporary knowledge and inadequate education regarding self-care, and time constraints.

Discussion and Conclusion: The findings presented in this study provide psychologists and other health professionals with an insight about the burnout experience and inform professionals of the mental shortcomings of working as a solo-practicing clinical psychologist. Findings from this study should lead to an increased understanding of the complexities of burnout, and ultimately reduced cases of burnout, absenteeism, and staff disengagement.

Objective: The problems associated with joint laxity pose great concern especially to people engaged in athletic occupation for livelihood. The prevalence of the disorder has continued to rise especially lately following enhanced interest in sports and athletic career. The study assessed joint laxity and compared the prevalence among athletic and non-athletic students of University of Nigeria Enugu Campus using the Beighton criteria for classification of joint laxity. Method: A cross-sectional analytical survey design was used. 160 subjects (40 athletic male, 40 athletic female, 40 non-athletic male and 40 non-athletic female students) aged between 18 and 30years with no previous history of musculoskeletal deformities underwent subjective joint laxity tests according to Beighton 9-point criteria and were classified either as lax jointed or tight jointed. Result: Results indicated that 28(70.0%) female athletic and 15(37.5%) male non-athletic students were lax jointed. Mean Beighton scores across the four groups were significantly different. Furthermore, significantly more Athletes and females showed articular hypermobility than the non-athletic and the males. Conclusion: Female and athletic students may be more susceptible to disorder associated with increased joint laxity more than their respective male and non-athletes. Therefore, intervention aimed at reducing injuries related to joint laxity should target more the athletes and females.

Las enfermedades musculo esqueléticas son la primera causa de denuncia de enfermedad ocupacional ante el INPSASEL además de dejar en algunos casos secuelas permanentes que acaban con la vida productiva del trabajador y por tanto afectando su vida familiar. Esta investigación descriptiva de campo tipo tecnológica, aplicada a una población de 8 individuos se realizó en las primeras etapas con un instrumento de 3 partes y 20 items. La primera parte de multi escogencia para el cumplimiento del objetivo 1 identificar las actividades realizadas en los puestos de trabajo de la empresa Golden Dream y las otras dos partes de uni escogencia y cuyas respuestas son dicotómicas para cumplir el segundo objetivo. El objetivo tres, medir la carga postural en los puestos de trabajo identificados con mayor riesgo ergonómico utilizando los métodos adecuados, se emplearon los métodos NIOSH y RULA en los puestos de trabajo identificados con mayores riesgos ergonómicos. Las conclusiones se derivaron de los resultados obtenidos y de los argumentos que se plantean en la base teórica de esta investigación y el contraste de la teoría con la realidad y estos resultados afirman que en efecto las condiciones ergonómicas son desfavorables en la empresa pero son más acusados en los puestos de tapicero y cerrador. Esta situación puede ser solucionada con pequeños ajustes en el puesto de trabajo educación en materia ergonómica y seguimiento médico. Para ello se diseño una propuesta de intervención que atenderá estas limitaciones, titulada “Plan de prevención de riesgos disergonómicos relacionados con lesiones musculo esqueléticas”. Se sugiere que la institución debe solicitar apoyo a expertos en materia de Higiene y Salud Ocupacional para implementar esta propuesta de manera eficiente.

If the workplace environment is good, the health and well-being of employees will be good too. This research aims to distinguish whether there are differences when it comes to being directed by a man or a woman and whether this affects employees. An ad hoc questionnaire was applied, collecting personal information and including the MLQ-6 S. It was sent by mail and answered by 549 employees of 16 companies in the Basque Country, Spain. A total of 277 (50.5%) men and 272 (49.5%) women participated, among whom there were 63 managers. The methodology shows a double perspective of how employees understand and perceive the differences between male and female business leaders and how managers see themselves exercising this leadership. No significant differences have been perceived. Both men and women believe they make their employees feel good about exercising leadership (M = 42.11%, W = 48.00%) quite often. Employed women consider it more challenging to become leaders and reconcile their ...

Importancia de la aplicación de la normatividad en el proyecto multimedia, en la empresa y en el contexto nacional a través de los mecanismos que preservan la salud ocupacional En cuanto al contexto nacional y lo que se ha observado en los últimos años el gobierno nacional debe seguir implementando programas cada vez más efectivos para concientizar a las organizaciones sobre la importancia de establecer planes de promoción y prevención, y también la afiliación de todas estas al sistema general de riesgos laborales. En el contexto de las empresas, las organizaciones como se ha venido tratando en diversos escenarios, no deben escatimar esfuerzos y dinero a fin de certificar el cumplimiento de las medidas de seguridad necesarias para que los colaboradores realicen su trabajo de manera segura, y de este modo prevenir cualquier tipo de riesgo ya que, con esto no solo se evitan accidentes, que podrían generar alguna limitación física, sino también disminuyendo el pago de demandas, por ende grandes sumas de dinero que pueden estar causando posible deterioro del capital existente. Las empresas además deben considerar: Planes de motivación, un departamento de recursos humanos que no solo se encargue de los procesos de selección, sino también de gestionar buenas prácticas laborales y la existencia de un clima laboral adecuado, para conseguir unos colaboradores motivados, y así se podrían evitar enfermedades graves como estrés crónico. Finalmente en el contexto personal, debemos ser conscientes de que todo trabajo desgasta y teniendo en cuéntalo anterior debemos realizar todo lo que esté a nuestro alcance para hacer nuestro trabajo sin acelerar el proceso de degeneración física y mental, a través de pausas activas, actividad física, momentos de relajación, asistencia a controles médicos veraces, etc. Muy pertinente su aporte y resalto quizás el avance que han tenido las empresas expresado en u aporte, además de que identifico en el un enfoque ahora típico de los empleadores en donde por un lado lo que se está proyectando es que al empresario le importa el trabajador y, por extensión que haga bien su trabajo, sea cual sea la actividad que desarrolle, y que lo realice de tal manera que sea siempre beneficioso para su salud. Sea entonces a través de ejercicios físicos previos al inicio del turno de trabajo, bien sea cuidando la postura física a la hora de levantar un objeto o, la caja, etc., sólo o en pareja, a lo que también hay que incluir la correcta manipulación de todo tipo de herramientas, maquinaria, líquidos, tóxicos, clases, etc., la clave está en que el trabajador debe ser consciente de que, por encima de cualquier actividad física o manipulación, lo esencial es que nuestro bienestar esté protegido. Es hay que la salud ocupacional bien aplicada en una plantilla de una gran empresa, minipymes o autónomamente en nuestra cotidianidad, hace que la actividad laboral se desarrolle de una manera mucho más positiva, más beneficiosa para el trabajador, mejorando la calidad física, emocional y de actitud.

Customer facing roles in hospitality and other service domains have long been associated with emotional challenge and the need for deployment of interpersonal skills in varied and often complex situations. The daily uplifts and ‘hassles’ experienced as a consequence of social exchange have been
reported to engage and repel respectively those who work in the service sector, determining individuals’ immediate behavioural outcomes and shaping their attitudes that influence their longer term commitment and well-being. Over the last three decades, an expanding body of literature has emerged relating to the concept of service agents’ ‘emotional self-management’ in the workplace, itsdynamic complexity and its relationship with occupational health and well-being.

This article reports on the development of a research project proposal which intends to further investigate the significance of emotional self-management for well-being in service work. It initially outlines the aims of the research, which relate to the development of understanding of individuals’ perspectives on their emotional self-management and the personal resources they may deploy to meet the varying social demands inherent in service work. This is accompanied by a brief review of
relevant literature which supports the study’s rationale. It then reflects upon the relevance of the interpretative phenomenological paradigm to the proposed methodology. It is also suggests how interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) might assist in the understanding of respondents’ subjective experiences of emotional self-management and their well-being in increasingly complex and unpredictable workplaces. Later the rationale for the selection of respondents from ‘cross–
sectoral’ service backgrounds is discussed in terms of their potential contribution to the depth and roundedness of the findings. A brief commentary is then offered on some ethical aspects relating the protection of vulnerable respondents. The article concludes with a summary of the key methodological issues that will need on-going monitoring.

The world’s elderly population is growing, and in Chile they represent 16.2% of the total population. In Chile, old age is marked by retirement, with a dramatic decrease in income that brings precariousness. Older adults are economically, socially, and psychologically vulnerable populations. This condition increases their likelihood of disengaging from their usual social environment, facilitating their isolation, sadness, and discomfort. From the perspective of social identity, well-being (WB) can be explained by two principles: social groups’ importance for health and people’s psychological identification with those groups. This study analyzes the relationships between belonging to the neighborhood and extra-neighborhood groups and neighborhood social identification with WB. Urban or rural location and gender are measured, and the sample is 1,475 older Chilean adults of both sexes. The results show that the majority are not members of social groups (52%), and the remaining 48% are ...

The world’s elderly population is growing, and in Chile they represent 16.2% of the total population. In Chile, old age is marked by retirement, with a dramatic decrease in income that brings precariousness. Older adults are economically, socially, and psychologically vulnerable populations. This condition increases their likelihood of disengaging from their usual social environment, facilitating their isolation, sadness, and discomfort. From the perspective of social identity, well-being (WB) can be explained by two principles: social groups’ importance for health and people’s psychological identification with those groups. This study analyzes the relationships between belonging to the neighborhood and extra-neighborhood groups and neighborhood social identification with WB. Urban or rural location and gender are measured, and the sample is 1,475 older Chilean adults of both sexes. The results show that the majority are not members of social groups (52%), and the remaining 48% are ...